open access and open data: international trends and strategic context

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WHO AM I?

Kathleen Shearer – Cyber Summit, Banff AB - September 29, 2015

You need “data” for data science(Kayur Patel, this morning)

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Open Science

Outline of Presentation• What is open science?• What’s driving this trend?• The policy environment• Research data• Conclusions


What is open science? Began with open access to publications, but moving to

research data and other outputs Parallel to Open Government/Open Data movement

Openness means:• Sharing and access to all types of research outputs• Transparency of research findings• Open peer review & open citations• Equitable flow of knowledge

4Kathleen Shearer – Cyber Summit, Banff AB - September 29, 2015

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This is big data…

Research data is a subset of “big data”

Research data are the “data, records, files or other evidence, irrespective of their content or form (e.g. in print, digital, physical or other forms), that comprise research observations, findings or outcomes, including primary materials and analysed data.”(Monash University Research Data Policy)


What is driving this trend?

“Public access is intended to accelerate the dissemination of fundamental research results that will advance the frontiers of knowledge and help ensure the nation’s future prosperity” (National Science Foundation, March 18, 2015)

Benefits of Research Data Management1. Verification, reproducibility and transparency of scientific results2. New scientific discoveries through collaboration and integration of

datasets3. Greater social and economic impact through application of research

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What is driving this trend?And, because we can!


Move towards openness

Slide from Giulia Ajmone Marsan, Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation, OECD

Kathleen Shearer – Cyber Summit, Banff AB - September 29, 2015 9

Open Scientific Research DataWe are committed to openness in scientific research data to speed up the progress of scientific discovery, create innovation, ensure that the results of scientific research are as widely available as practical, enable transparency in science and engage the public in the scientific process.

Expanding Access to Scientific Research ResultsWe endorse the principle that increasing access to the peer-reviewed, published results of publicly funded published research will accelerate research, drive innovation, and benefit the economy.


G8 Science Ministers, June 2013

Global Research Council- May 2013

Action Plan towards Open Access to Publications“In order to increase their return on investments, research councils encourage open access to all results from publicly funded research which originated from their funding. This relates specifically to journal articles.”


Kathleen Shearer - Cybera September 2015 12

Research funders’ Open Access policies


Current policy context in CanadaCanada’s Action Plan on Open Government 2014-2016

Tri-Agencies (CIHR, NSERC, SSHRC)• Consultation in 2013 (Report: Capitalizing on Big Data: Toward a Policy

Framework for Advancing Digital Scholarship in Canada)• Comprehensive Brief on Data Management Policies, April 2015• Tri-Agency Open Access Policy on Publications• Draft Tri-Agency Statement of Principles on Digital Data Management

“…the Government of Canada will establish a government-wide approach to Open Science to increase access to federally-funded scientific publications and data.”


Draft Tri-Agency Statement of Principles on Digital Data Management


• Data Management Planning• Constraints and obligations “Research data must be

managed in conformity with all commercial, legal and ethical obligations” (including privacy and confidentiality)”

• Adherence to Standards• Collection and Storage• Metadata • Preservation, Retention and Sharing• Timeliness• Acknowledgement and Citation • Efficient and Cost Effective

NINE PRINCIPLES


Policies are an important lever to move this trend forward

But we need more than just principles and policies

These services support only a small portion of research data produced in Canada!

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Domain data services Institutional data services

International all-purpose

Infrastructure and Services


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The data landscapeThe 2011 survey by Science, found that over half of those polled store their data only in their laboratories and 48.3% of respondents were working with datasets that were less than 1GB in size. Science 11 February 2011: Vol. 331 no. 6018 pp. 692-693 DOI: 10.1126/science.331.6018.692


Trend towards distributed, global networked infrastructure for research data


• New infrastructure models for research data are distributed systems that bridge central domain approaches with institutional services and repositories

• Distributed models are more sustainable (because they are built on many nodes)

• The Internet is an example of a highly successful distributed system!

A lot of this is about cultural change


Many researchers would rather share their toothbrush than their data!

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data


From Wiley’s Research Data Insights Survey, 20142,250 responses from around the worldhttp://exchanges.wiley.com/blog/2014/11/03/how-and-why-researchers-share-data-and-why-they-don’t/

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Researchers attitudes about data sharing


http://exchanges.wiley.com/blog/2014/11/03/how-and-why-researchers-share-data-and-why-they-don%E2%80%99t/





22From the cover of “Cultural Change Through Measurable Management” by Robin Byrne

Both policy requirements and incentives are critical for cultural change

Some concluding thoughts

• We don’t yet know the full benefits of making research outputs available

• The trend towards open science is global and gaining in momentum

• To remain in step with our international peers, Canada must continue to invest in research data management 23Kathleen Shearer – Cyber Summit, Banff AB - September 29, 2015

Thank you

Kathleen ShearerExecutive Director, Confederation of Open Access Repositories

Consultant,Canadian Association of Research LibrariesResearch Data CanadaAssociation of Research Libraries (US)

email: [email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]