ontogenetics nature vs. nurture. eye color hair color skin color freckles widows peak

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OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture

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Page 1: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak

OntoGeneticsNature vs. Nurture

Page 2: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak
Page 3: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak
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Eye color

Hair color

Skin color

freckles

Widows peak

Page 5: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak
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• DNA means ______________________

• Make up your ____________________.– Consists of many _____________ that

genetically code for each of your _________.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

chromosomes

genes

traits

What happens if the “code” fails or is changed???

______________________Mutation

Page 7: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak

Copies DNA gene code

PROTEIN that makes your eyes blue!!

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Determines everything else!!

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• Located on the sex chromosome (usually the X since it’s much larger than the Y).

• Called “sex-linked” genes

• popular examples are Color Blindness, Fragile X syndrome, Muscular Dystrophy, and Hemophilia

Mom Dad

MALE

FEMALE

Determines NOT ONLY SEX, but also many sex characteristics!!

Page 11: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak

Mom Dad

Color Blindness

Carrier female

Normal male

Carrier Female

Normal male

Why can Dad NOT pass on the defect to his sons???

Page 12: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak

Mom Dad

Color Blindness

Carrier female

affected male

Normal Female

Normal male

Which gender does Mom pass the defect on to??

Page 13: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak

• A female with a defective X has a 2nd “good X” to compensate for the problem

• A male, on the other hand, only has one X, so if he gets a defective one, he’s stuck with the disorder!

• Males can not pass on their defect to a son. Why?

_____________________________________________________

What is the only way for a female to have the disorder?

______________________________________________________

Males do not pass on an X to a son, only a Y

If she gets 2 BAD X’s, one from each parent!

Page 14: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak

Sex-Limited Genes

• Genes that are present in both sexes, but influences only one.

• Found on autosomes (not sex), but has effect on only one sex.– Ex: Chest hair, baldness, and breast size in humans.

Since only men go bald, you might think the balding gene is on the sex chromosome, but it’s not. It’s found on the 11th. Why then, don’t more women show baldness?

Page 15: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak

Is a trait inherited or is it learned from experience…..

Are you a good singer because of your genes, or because you practice a lot?

Heritability is a mathematical proportion indicating the extent of inheritance and/or the extent of non-inheritable factors (such as environment).

SCALE

100% environmental

“low heritability”

100% inherited

“high heritability”

NATURE vs. NURTURE

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Heritability

• Adopted children

– Resembling their adoptive parents would indicate...

– Resembling their biological parents would indicate…

Page 17: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak

HERITABLITY (cont.)

“Monozygotic twins ” Identical twins (same DNA)

“Dizygotic twins” Fraternal twins (different DNA)

Where on the heritability scale would these scenarios fall?

Strong resemblance in monozygotic twins?? High heritability

Equal resemblance in both sets of twins?? Low heritablity

Page 18: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

• Genetics condition characterized by mental retardation. It is caused by diet.

• Inability to metabolize the amino acid Phenylalanine. It builds up to toxic levels in people with the disorder.

• Eliminate the amino acid from the diet, and eliminate its effects!

• It is heritable, but can be modified by following a particular diet!!

Page 19: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak

You do not carry your genes around as a way of reproducing yourself…

Your genes carry you around as a way of reproducing themselves.

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A cat quick enough to snatch a bird successfully today might not be speedy enough to catch the next generation of birds, because only the swiftest of yesterday’s birds remain to provide offspring.

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Black Headed Gull Kittywake

Ground Nest Cliff dweller

High Predation Low Predation

Drops food in nest Feeds food directly to young

Camouflaged nest Full, deep nest

Mate standing up Mate sitting down

Offspring jump high into wind to learn to fly

Offspring do not jump

Can wander from nest Restricted to nest until flight

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Primates grooming

Ants working

Bees die after stinging

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Reciprocal Altruism

• I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine.

These primates help others with the understanding that that help will be returned.

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Kin Selection Altruism toward a relative.

Although it may be dangerous for a mother to protect her young, it ensures the passing of her genes…including the altruistic gene!!

Therefore, it helps the spread of altruism within the species.

Page 30: OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Eye color Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak

Altruism Video

Battle at Krueger

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