online psy 266 ch. 1 presentation
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 1Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present
2 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
What Is Psychological
Abnormality? Many definitions proposed Most definitions share 4 features:
◦ “The Four Ds”
Deviance –______________________________
Distress –_______________________________
Dysfunction –___________________________
Danger – ____
How would you define each of these? Each will be covered in more detail
3 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
Deviance
From what?
◦ From behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that
differ markedly from a society’s ideas about
proper functioning
◦ From social norms
Explicit and implicit rules for proper conduct
Judgments of abnormality also depend on
specific circumstances (i.e., social context)
Social Norms Vary
You see someone dressed like this
today, it’s cause for concern. But Oct
31, wouldn’t even stand out – except for
being awesome.
6 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
Distress
Behavior, ideas, or emotions usually
have to cause distress before they can
be labeled abnormal
◦ Not always the case
Examples of behavior that deviates from social
norms but does not cause distress:
Clothing styles
Skydiving, bungee jumping
7 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
Dysfunction
Interferes with daily functioning
Culture plays a role in the definition of
abnormality
Dysfunction alone does not
necessarily indicate psychological
abnormality
8 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
Danger
Behavior that is dangerous to oneself
or others
◦ May be careless, hostile, or confused
Although cited as a feature of
psychological abnormality, research
suggests that being dangerous is the
exception rather than the rule
Four Factors
These 4 factors – deviance, distress,
dysfunction, and danger are all taken
into account to determine whether
behavior is abnormal
10 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
Treating Abnormal Behavior
First, clinicians decide that a person
is suffering from abnormality
Second, treatment, or therapy:
designed to change abnormal
behavior into more normal behavior
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What Is Treatment?
• According to Jerome Frank, all forms of therapy have three essential features:
1. A sufferer who seeks relief from the healer
2. A trained, socially accepted healer
3. A series of contacts between the healer and the suffer attempting to produce certain changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitudes, and behavior
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What were those treatments
again?• According to Jerome Frank, all forms of
therapy have three essential features:
1. A ________ who seeks relief from the healer
2. A trained, socially acceptable
3. A __________________ between the healer and the sufferer, through which the healer to produce certain changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitudes, and behavior
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What Is Treatment?
Broad guidelines, specifics often unclear:
◦ Lack of agreement about goals or aims
◦ Lack of agreement about successful outcome
◦ Lack of agreement about failure
◦ Are clinicians seeking to cure? To teach?
◦ Are sufferers patients (ill) or clients (having
difficulty)?
Who Seeks Treatment?
Each year, psychological disturbances
displayed by:
◦ 30% of adults in U.S.
◦ 19% of children
Comer: Abnormal
Psychology, Seventh EditionCopyright © 2010 by Worth Publishers
Figure 1.1 The impact of deinstitutionalization
Treatment in the Past
Holes from
trephinatio
n – sought
to release
evil spirits
Asylum in
1700s
England –
Bethlehem
Hospital, or
Bedlam
18 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
The Early Twentieth Century:
Dual Perspectives Beginning in 1800s, replaced moral
perspective
◦ Mental illness was due to character faults
1. The Somatogenic Perspective
◦ Abnormal functioning has physical causes
2. The Psychogenic Perspective
◦ Abnormal functioning has psychological
causes
Comer: Abnormal
Psychology, Seventh EditionCopyright © 2010 by Worth Publishers
Table 1.2
Notice the gender
discrepancies