WelcomeAssalam-o -Alaikum

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

BAHAUDDIN ZIKRIYA UNIVERSITY MULTAN

NAJJA TARIQ 6-A

PRESENTED BY:

PRESENTED TO:

Prof. Dr HABIB UR REHMAN

ONION

BOTNEY

Common Name

Onion(English), Piaz(In Urdu)

Technical Name

Allium cepa L.

Family

Amaryllidaceae

It belongs to the “Bulb Crops” and is biennial or long-season annual plant

Plant description

Flower

Foliage Leaves

Bulb

Roots

Tunic

Onion Flower

Mature Flower

HISTORY

• Orignated in Afganistan, area of Tajikstan and Uzbekstan, western Tien Shan, and India.

• Western Asia and the areas around the Mediterranean Sea are secondry source of development.

Areas of origin

UTILIZATION• Consumed both in their early green stage

(spring onions) and after the bulb mature• Used by “poor & rich” but often called “poor

man’s food”• Used in Soups, meat dishes, salads,sandwiches and also as vegetable• Its seed “KALWANJI” is also edible

Onion SeedSeeds separating from dry flower

When onion is cut, it irritates the eyes and stimulate the tear glands to produce

tears.Chopping and crushing onions release health-benefiting compounds. These

compound help cleaning our eyes.So don’t stop chopping and cutting the onion

Interesting Facts

Onion Makes Us Cry

What Makes Onion Cry?

• Contains:• Starch• Sugars• Protein• Vitamins (A,B & C)• Pungency is due to “Volatile oil” (allyl propyl

disulphide)

Nutritional value

MEDICINAL VALUEOnion

• Lower blood pressure • Lessen occurance of cancer • Antiseptic for insect bites• Anti diabatic• Antiaging• Stimulate hair regrowth

• Onion is cool season crop• Essential requirements for bulbs formation of

most of commertial varieties are:1-Long Photoperiod2-High Temperature

CLIMATE

• It can grow on nearly all types of soils but more suitable soils are:

1-Fertile2-Rich in humus3-Well drained• Optimum pH range from 5.8-6.5• It is sensitive to high acidity

SOIL

PLANTING TIME

Sowing Transplanting Early planting JUNE-SEPTEMBER JULY-OCTOBER

In plains of Pakistan

Winter crop mid OCT-end NOV DECEMBER and EARLY JANUARY

For Spring crop seeds are sown earlier

In the hills MARCH-JUNE -

It varies with •Locality•Type of onion•Method of propagation

MANURE AND FERTILIZER• Application of fertilizers depends on soil type,

previous fertilizer applications & crop purpose.• Due to limited root system, they responds to good

fertilizer practices on almost any soil.• Recommendations:1-FYM=40-50 t/ha2-NPK=120-60-60 kg/ha• Half dose of ‘N’ is to be top dressed after one

month; the rest at the time of transplanting

SOWING METHOD• There are 3 methods commonly used in

planting onions1. Seed (direct seeding)2. Seedling plants or Transplants

They are grown on nursary. They are the easiest to plant and the earliest to harvest

3. Sets (small partely grown onion bulbs)

Onion Nursary

Sowing of Onion Sets on Ridges

SEED RATE• Seed rate depend upon the:1-Purpose of planting2-Distance• In nursery (8-10 kg/ha)• For direct sowing (25 kg/ha) • For bulb sowing (we use 1000-1200 kg

bulbs/ha)

SPACING• Seedlings are transplanted onto ridges or beds• Recommended distances:1-Ridges to ridges=60 cm2-Plant to plant=10-15 cm• Plant population=50-62 plants/square meter

Onion Plantation

Onion Plantation

IRRIGATION• Correct timing depend upon the following factors:1-Soil2-Current weather conditions3-Age of the crop• Seedbed is irrigated just after transplanting• It is stoped when the tops mature and start falling

HARVESTING

Mature Ripe BulbWhen bulb is ripe and firm and tops start dropping just above the bulb while the leaves are still green

Green Bunch OnionsWhen they are about diameter of lead pencil and a

small bulb is formed

Harvested as

Harvested green bunch onion

Harvested Onions

Harvested Onions

Manual Harvesting Mechanical harvesting

VARIETIES• Pindi Red• Ghotki• Local White• Desi Red• Phulkara• Red Nasik

A yield of 25-30 t/ha has been recorded

YIELD

Thank You