one laptop per child - usenix · pdf filethis works are licensed under a creative commons...
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One Laptop per Child
USENIX: June 22, 2007Mary Lou Jepsen
One Laptop per Child
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Acknowledgement
Carla Gomez Monroy + all at OLPC + thousands of other organizations and individuals making this dream reality
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I'm teaching in primary 5
the children are really trying, because they are doing many things in the laptop, of which I, the teacher, cannot do.
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“I love my laptop more than my life”Personal Email from Badmus in Nigeria, May 2007
How you can help…
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You can help us
wiki.laptop.org & dev.laptop.orgIRC: freenode #olpc
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What it’s likeOpportunityEducationThose not in schoolTeachers
….Kids will own their own laptops
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1) A non-profit entity with $25M funding for non-recurring engineering costs
2) About scale, scale, scalebeing global is crucial launch 3-5 million units in first year, as much as 50-150 million units in second year >5 large diverse countries
3) To provide to children: to own, to take home, to use seamlessly
What is: One Laptop Per Child ?
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World Wide Interest
Green = Planned Launch CountryRed = Post Launch CountryOrange = Federal Level DiscussionYellowYellow = DiscussionGray = No Active Contact
Map: http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Image:Olpcmap.jpg
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OLPC Partners and Sponsors
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At end of 2005 we planned:
Always-on and Instant-On Extreme low-powerMesh-networkedSunlight readable high resolution display 5 year lifetimeE-book & Games machine modeDroppable, spillable, carry in the pouring rain
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But Along the way we continued to invent
GreenNew computer architectureSecuritySugarBunny ears 4X Battery Life50C Power input range
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And Incidentals• extra screws in laptop• analog input through microphone jack• no caps lock key • 640x480 still and video camera integration• Dual mode touchpad• Slanted desks
• Spill proof keyboard….
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And Other Products$100 ServerMulti-battery chargersWifi repeatersActive antennae Compared to..
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OLPC Server: Exploded Views
Sleeve for Hard drive and components
Rubber gasket
Perforated vent cover
Top Cap
Invert cap for flush top
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Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Cambodia, Chad, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Ethiopia, Guatemala, Honduras, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Mexico
Mongolia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Panama, Paraguay,
Romania, Russia, Rwanda, South Africa, Thailand, USA, Uruguay, Yemen
Global Launch
Millions of Laptops
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Basic XO Configuration
LX-700 AMD x86 CPU256M DRAM1G FLASH3 USB portsRuggedStereo sound, mic, 2 audio outCamera: full resolution and video
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ChiMei/OLPC Dual Mode Display
1) Extreme low Power [i ] 3) Ultra-high resolution (200dpi) 2) Sunlight Readability 4) ~1/3 price of laptop LCD
Mode 1:SUNLIGHT READABLE
1200x900 (200 dpi)Greyscale
Mode 2:BRIGHT at NIGHTUp to 1024 x 768
Color
[ i ] 1 Watt with backlight on, 0.1 Watt with backlight off, and enables the CPU + much of motherboard to be turned off without user noticing saving further power = ~5% power consumption of typical laptop.
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Display Innovation
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How the Screen worksConceptual – to produce new performance
− Pixel layout− Luminance/Chrominance− Selective use of color gels− Electronics − LEDs
Mirrorpart
Transmissive part
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Pixel Layout3X luminance as compared to chrominance
− MPG, TV (pal, ntsc) same principle
Impact: stunning resolution compared to alternative method:
− 3X pixels (cost)− 4X increase in power− No sunlight readability
Luminance
ChrominanceStandard method
OLPC Method
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Extreme Low Power: A New Laptop Architecture
CPU: 2-3Watts just to update the screen
Turn off CPU + most of the motherboard
Enabled by rethinking the screen and rewriting the software:
− Put frame buffer into timing controllerWe had to make a new timing controller chip anyway…
− Suspend/resume (1/10th of a second)− Software take advantage of this…all levels
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PowerGang, Solar, batteries, human power
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Power Savings = Money
50 Million laptops
could be purchased for
children in the
developing world with
energy conservation
savings, if everyone in
the world simply
switched to an XO, or
even an XO-like
computer architecture.
Worldwide Yearly Energy Usage of Laptop/Desktops
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Current Laptop/DesktopPower Consumption
(worldwide)
OLPC-XO Architecture(result if everyone switched
from current laptop ordesktop to XO)
Tera
-Wat
t Hou
rs o
f Ene
rgy
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Bill
ions
of D
olla
rs E
xpen
ded
on E
nerg
y
1,2,3
1] averaged over 132 desktops, and 93 laptops: http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/prod_development/revisions/downloads/computer/Final_Computer_Dataset10-20-06.xls 2] Gardner reports 230M PCs sold per year, 65M are laptops, assume 3 year lifetime3] Assume $0.10 per KW-Hr, prices in LDCs are often >2X, USA average $0.12 per KW-Hr
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Greenest Laptop ever Made
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Typical GreenDesktop with LCD
Monitor
Typical GreenLaptop
XO
Environmental Impact
ToxicityRoHSweightpart countcomputer sizecomputer lifetimebattery lifepower consumption
EPEATGOLD
in Process(IEEE 1680)
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Mechanical DesignNo moving parts
− No harddrive, no fans
Droppable− Extra rigid shell− Bumper (replacable)− Shock mounted LCD
Moisture/dust/dirt resistant− Keyboard− USB, microphone etc - protected
Connector reinforcementTransformer hinge
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Sugar
(1) Sharing and collaboration as part of core experience
(2) Ad-hoc or server-based
(3) Visibility into what others are doing
(4) Learning and building things together
Explore what's going
on
Explore what's going
on
Building stuff
together
Building stuff
together
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Exploring, expressing, and sharing
Web browsereBook readerChatVOIPEmailMultimedia /Music / VideoGames
Word processingJournalWikiWeb serverGraphicsProgramming:Logo; Etoys Multimedia creation
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Children will be bothconsumers and creators.
&
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Learning learning by debugging.
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Transparency is empowering. Open-source software gives children—and their teachers— the freedom to reshape, reinvent, and reapply their software, hardware, and content.
Appropriate to appropriate
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Securityopen designno lockdown; low-risk tinkeringprotection for the uninformed usersecure BIOSprotection against irreversible damagestrong authentication between usersscrutinizable software
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Maintenance
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Robustness
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EconomicsInitial and launch:
Central government fundedSingle big ordersDeveloping countries, USA
Subsequently:One country paying for another Child-to-child fundingCommercial subsidyMicro-philanthropy
…….etc.
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Inexpensive(5 Billion)
High-end(0.1 Billion)
Mid-Range(1Billion)
XO is a platform1. Extremely Low Power2. Sunlight Readable3. Use in extreme heat (50C)4. Mesh Networked5. Green/Eco6. All solid-state
OLPC technology useful from low-end to high-end
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Roadmap
2007 2008 2009 2010
$2,000
$100
$1000
$10
$50
$200
$500
Non-ProfitGen 2 OLPCNon-Profit
Gen 1 OLPC~$50 laptopbetter displaylower powerWimax?Periphs
Laptops
Outdoor Use
Consumer
Electronics
Extreme low
power desktop,
servers
Mobile Healthcare
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
Digital Home
Repeaters,Active Antennae
Mesh
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“I love my laptop more than my life”Personal Email from Badmus in Nigeria, May 2007
How you can help…
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You can help us
wiki.laptop.org & dev.laptop.orgIRC: freenode #olpc