once and future metasearching roy tennant california digital library roy tennant california digital...
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Once and Future Once and Future MetasearchingMetasearching
Once and Future Once and Future MetasearchingMetasearching
Roy TennantCalifornia Digital Library
Roy TennantCalifornia Digital Library
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The ProblemThe Problem• Most users want to find everything
useful with one search• But our systems require them to know:
– How to select one or more databases– How to get to them– How to use the unique search options for
each
• How can we create systems that minimize what the user needs to know to get what they want?
• Most users want to find everything useful with one search
• But our systems require them to know:– How to select one or more databases– How to get to them– How to use the unique search options for
each
• How can we create systems that minimize what the user needs to know to get what they want?
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The Metasearch SolutionThe Metasearch Solution• Just-in-time searching of multiple
sources• Also called cross-database searching• Federated searching: just-in-case • Metasearching is far from perfect• It is only one tool among many• It does not replace searching
individual databases for some users and purposes
• Just-in-time searching of multiple sources
• Also called cross-database searching• Federated searching: just-in-case • Metasearching is far from perfect• It is only one tool among many• It does not replace searching
individual databases for some users and purposes
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Content Discovery Principles*Content Discovery Principles*• Only librarians like to search, everyone else
prefers to find• One place to search is better than two or
more• “Good enough” is just that• What is not searched is as important as what
is• If you can’t centralize metadata, centralize
searching
• Only librarians like to search, everyone else prefers to find
• One place to search is better than two or more
• “Good enough” is just that• What is not searched is as important as what
is• If you can’t centralize metadata, centralize
searching
* First hit of Google search: “digital library integration principles”
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The State of Metasearch: Overview
The State of Metasearch: Overview
• Many database vendors still do not support a search protocol
• Software still in early stages
• Market still in upheaval
• Most libraries still learning from early implementations
• Google, Microsoft now big players
• Many database vendors still do not support a search protocol
• Software still in early stages
• Market still in upheaval
• Most libraries still learning from early implementations
• Google, Microsoft now big players
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The State of Metasearch: The Landscape
The State of Metasearch: The Landscape
Publishers
Portal Providers
Indexers/Aggregators
Software VendorsLibraries
Users
Elsevier
CaliforniaDigitalLibrary
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The State of Metasearch:The Tyranny of NumbersThe State of Metasearch:The Tyranny of Numbers
• Number of resources being searched
• Number of results being returned by each resource
• Number of simultaneous users
• Number of resources being searched
• Number of results being returned by each resource
• Number of simultaneous users
X * Y * Z = potential disaster!X * Y * Z = potential disaster!
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First GenerationFirst Generation
• Out-of-the-box interface with minimal customization
• “One-stop-shopping” model
• “Shotgun” searching
• No added-value services for specific clientele or purposes (e.g., UMNs Assignment Calculator)
• Out-of-the-box interface with minimal customization
• “One-stop-shopping” model
• “Shotgun” searching
• No added-value services for specific clientele or purposes (e.g., UMNs Assignment Calculator)
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/V interface/V interface
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2nd Generation2nd Generation• Using the metasearch application as a
service, not a destination• Creating search tools tailored to
specific audiences and/or purposes• Highly tailored interface• Better integration with
other systems and services
• Using the metasearch application as a service, not a destination
• Creating search tools tailored to specific audiences and/or purposes
• Highly tailored interface• Better integration with
other systems and services
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Your Application
Metalib
DatabasesXMLhttp
* Slide courtesy of David Walker, CSU San Marcos
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* Slide courtesy of David Walker, CSU San Marcos
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* Slide courtesy of David Walker, CSU San Marcos
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* Slide courtesy of David Walker, CSU San Marcos
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* Slide courtesy of David Walker, CSU San Marcos
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MetalibFederated Search Engine, hosted at the Chancellor’s Office.
Library CatalogDatabase of local book, media, and journal holdings, as well as print and media reserves.
CircuitDatabase of San Diego area academic library collections.
E-ResDatabase of electronic reserves.
SFXOpenURL link server, hosted at the Chancellor’s Office
MA
RC
-XM
L
OpenURL-XML
Custom XML
Custo
m X
ML
HTML
RSS
Reserves HarvesterGathers and combines reserves from catalog and Eres.
XML
Z39.50
MARC
Xerxes
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Third GenerationThird Generation
• As many resources locally integrated as possible
• More resources available via API
• One-stop shopping — system organizes itself around user’s query
• Useful ranking
• Post-search clustering and enhanced browsing
• As many resources locally integrated as possible
• More resources available via API
• One-stop shopping — system organizes itself around user’s query
• Useful ranking
• Post-search clustering and enhanced browsing
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Windows Live AcademicWindows Live Academic
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Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
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$30 from SpringerLink
$30 from SpringerLink
$40 from Ingenta
Not available except by person account or site license
FREE
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A Brief History of Finding InfoA Brief History of Finding Info• 30 years ago: only print, very difficult and
time consuming• 20 years ago: arcane, mediated online
searching of many commercial DBs, CD-ROMs
• 10 years ago: unmediated online searching of many commercial DBs
• 1 year ago: easy, unmediated online searching of one free source
• Tomorrow?
• 30 years ago: only print, very difficult and time consuming
• 20 years ago: arcane, mediated online searching of many commercial DBs, CD-ROMs
• 10 years ago: unmediated online searching of many commercial DBs
• 1 year ago: easy, unmediated online searching of one free source
• Tomorrow?
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In SummaryIn Summary• Metasearching (both library and
commercial) still primitive• But… quickly improving• Soon (if not already) databases will be
irrelevant from the user’s perspective• We no longer control access to information
(there are huge players in this space)• Either we get good in the finding game, or
we get gone
• Metasearching (both library and commercial) still primitive
• But… quickly improving• Soon (if not already) databases will be
irrelevant from the user’s perspective• We no longer control access to information
(there are huge players in this space)• Either we get good in the finding game, or
we get gone
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Implications for InstructionImplications for Instruction
• We live in an age where even idiots can find good stuff!
• So on what should we focus?
• We live in an age where even idiots can find good stuff!
• So on what should we focus?
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Implications for InstructionImplications for Instruction• Stop teaching mechanics and databases
as soon as possible • Work on building systems and tools that
don’t require instruction to use• Focus on fostering critical information
skills • Craft key messages and deliver them
consistently and ubiquitously across the library
• Stop teaching mechanics and databases as soon as possible
• Work on building systems and tools that don’t require instruction to use
• Focus on fostering critical information skills
• Craft key messages and deliver them consistently and ubiquitously across the library