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OnfarmAnaerobicDigestionWasteDischargeAuthorizationGuideline
BCMinistryofEnvironment
May14,2010
CHFourBiogasInc.
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Disclaimer
TheprimarypurposeofthisdocumentistoprovideguidanceintheapplicationoftheEnvironmentalManagementActandWasteDischargeRegulationwithregardtoonfarmanaerobicdigestion.Thisisnotanexhaustiveguideand,whereapplicable,referencestomoredetailedinformationareprovided.Inallcases,reviewtheactuallegislationandregulationsforexactwording.Thisinformationisprovidedtotheuserentirelyathisorherownrisk.TheMinistrywillnotbeliableforanyclaims,damagesorlossesofanykindarisingoutoftheuseof,orrelianceupon,thisinformation.
Acknowledgements
TheMinistryofEnvironmentacknowledgesElectrigazTechnologiesInc.forallowingtheuseofthetechnicaldatacontainedinthefollowingtworeports:FeasibilityStudyAnaerobicDigesterandGasProcessingFacilityintheFraserValley,BritishColumbiaandFeasibilityStudyBiogasUpgradingandGridInjectionintheFraserValley,BritishColumbia.
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GlossaryofTerms
AWCR AgriculturalWasteControlRegulationALC AgriculturalLandCommissionBC BritishColumbiaBCUOMA BCUsedOilManagementAssociationBMP BestManagementPracticesC CelsiusCSA CanadianStandardsAssociationCAZ ControlledAccessZoneCH4 MethaneCHP CombinedHeatandPower(cogeneration)CNG CompressedNaturalGasCO2 CarbonDioxideCO CarbonMonoxideDAF DissolvedAirFlotationEFP EnvironmentalFarmPlanEMA EnvironmentalManagementActEPA EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(UnitedStates)Fe2(SO4)3 IronSulphateGHG GreenhouseGasGJ Gigajouleha HectareH2S HydrogenSulphideH2SO4 SulphuricAcidK PotassiumKI PotassiumiodinekW KilowattLWMP LiquidWasteManagementPlanMAL MinistryofAgricultureandLandsg Microgramsmg/nm3 MilligramsperNormalCubicMetreMOE MinistryofEnvironmentMPN MostProbableNumberMSW MunicipalSolidWasteMW MegawattN2 NitrogenNaOH SodiumHydroxideNH3 AmmoniaNH4 AmmoniumNO3 NitrateNOx NitrogenOxidesNMVOC NonmethanevolatileorganiccompoundOC OperationalCertificate
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OMRR OrganicMatterRecyclingRegulationPM ParticulateMatterppm PartsPerMillionPSA PressureSwingAdsorptionQP QualifiedProfessionalSOx SulphurOxidesSRM SpecifiedRiskMaterialSWMP SolidWasteManagementPlanTHV TotalHeatingValueTKN TotalKjeldahlNitrogenVOC VolatileOrganicCompoundWDR WasteDischargeRegulationUASB UpflowAnaerobicSludgeBlanket
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ExecutiveSummary
PurposeoftheGuidelineTheMinistryofEnvironment,inconjunctionwiththeMinistryofAgricultureandLands,hasdevelopedthisguidelinetoassistonfarmanaerobicdigestionproponentsinapplyingforawastedischargeauthorizationundertheEnvironmentalManagementActandWasteDischargeRegulation.Theguidelineincludesanintroductiontotheanaerobicdigestiontechnology,thewastedischargeauthorization(permitting)process,andguidanceonthewastestreamstobeidentifiedintheapplicationpackage.Theguidelinealsoprovidesalistofacceptablefeedstocksforonfarmanaerobicdigestionandrecommendationsfornutrientmanagementplanning,sampling,analysisandbestmanagementpractices.InadditiontoaMinistryofEnvironmentwastedischargeauthorization,onfarmanaerobicdigestionfacilitiesmayalsorequireauthorizationfromlocalgovernmentsandtheAgriculturalLandCommission,iflocatedwithintheAgriculturalLandReserve.Theseadditionalprocessesarebrieflyoutlinedintheguideline.WhatisAnaerobicDigestion?Anaerobicdigestionisthebiologicalprocessbywhichorganicmatter(e.g.,manure),isbrokendownintheabsenceofoxygen,producingrawbiogasandotherbyproducts.Therawbiogasismostcommonlyusedtogenerateelectricitythroughcogenerationorupgradedtonaturalgas.Otherbenefitsofanaerobicdigestionincludereductionsinmanurerelatedodours,pathogens,andgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions. Theprocessalsoproducesbyproducts(liquidandsoliddigestate),whichcanbeutilizedonthefarmorfurtherprocessed(e.g.,composted),andsoldasanadditionalrevenuesourceforthefarm.WasteDischargeAuthorizationTypesAsbiogasproductionfromanaerobicdigestionfacilitiesmayinvolvenumerouswastestreamsanddifferentprocesstechnologies,asitespecificwastedischargeauthorizationfromtheMinistryofEnvironmentisrequiredformostprojects.Thefollowingisanoverviewofthethreemostcommonwastedischargeauthorizationtypespertainingtoanaerobicdigestion:
SolidorLiquidWasteManagementPlanandsubsequentOperationalCertificatefor
facilitiesusingmixedfeedstock(agriculturalandnonagriculturalwaste)ornonagriculturalwasteexclusively,andinanareathatrequiresamendmenttothelocalgovernmentssolidorliquidwastemanagementplan.
Permitforfacilitiesusingmixedfeedstock(agriculturalandnonagriculturalwaste)or
nonagriculturalwasteexclusivelyandinanareathatdoesnotrequireamendmenttothesolidorliquidwastemanagementplan.
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AgriculturalWasteControlRegulationforfacilitiesusing100%agriculturalwastefeedstock(definedasmanure,usedmushroommediumandagriculturalvegetationwaste).
HowtoObtainaWasteDischargeAuthorizationInadditiontoprovidinginformationonthedifferenttypesofwastedischargeauthorizations(regulation,wastemanagementplanorpermit),theguidelinealsoprovidesinformationontheprocessinvolvedinobtainingthewastedischargeauthorizationandthedocumentationrequiredforsubmission.ThisincludesguidanceonpreparingtheConsultationandTechnicalAssessmentReports.TheTechnicalAssessmentReportmustdescribeallaspectsofwastedischargedtotheenvironmentfromthefacility.Toaidinthepreparationofthisreport,typicalanaerobicdigestionfacilitywastedischargeshavebeenidentified,e.g.,emissionsfromthebiogascleaningandupgradingequipment,cogeneration,boilers,flares,etc.AsummarychecklistoftheprojectdetailstoincludeintheTechnicalAssessmentReportisincludedintheappendicestotheguidelineandaresummarizedattheendofeachchapter.AcceptableFeedstocksTheMinistryhasestablishedalistofacceptablefeedstocksforthepurposesofonfarmanaerobicdigestion.TheitemsinthelisthavebeenevaluatedfortheirappropriatenessinanonfarmanaerobicdigesterandtheirplacementwithinScheduleA,BorCprovidesincreasedsafeguardsfortheprotectionoftheenvironmentandhumanhealth,aswellasonfarmbiosecurity.ThefeedstocklistisprovidedinAppendix1andisdividedintothreeschedules:
ScheduleA:Acceptable(acceptableasisfordigestion), ScheduleB:Limited(requirespasteurization,e.g.,70oCfor1hour),and ScheduleC:Unacceptable(prohibitedmaterial,suchashazardouswaste).
DigestateLandApplicationRequirementsTheuseofdifferentfeedstockmaterialandthevolumeofnonagriculturalwastefeedstockimportedontothefarmaffectthefeedstocktestinganddigestatelandapplicationrequirementsforanonfarmanaerobicdigestionfacility.Threetiersofanaerobicdigestionfacilitieshavebeenestablishedbasedontheseparameters,asfollows:
Tier1:Onfarmanaerobicdigestionfacilityusing100%agriculturalwaste.Requirements:FollowtheprovisionsoftheAgriculturalWasteControlRegulation,practiceduediligenceandadheretobestmanagementpractices.
Tier2:Onfarmanaerobicdigestionfacilityimportingupto25%nonagriculturalwaste.Requirements:Sampletheimported,nonagriculturalfeedstockforheavymetals,
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developaNutrientManagementPlan(NMP),andfollowtheTier2provisionsfornutrientsampling,analysis,anddigestatelandapplication.
Tier3:Onfarmanaerobicdigestionfacilityimportingmorethan25%nonagricultural
waste.Requirements:Sampletheimported,nonagriculturalfeedstockforheavymetals,developaNutrientManagementPlan,andfollowtheTier3provisionsfornutrientandpathogensampling,analysis,anddigestatelandapplication.
Theflowchartonthefollowingpageprovidesasummaryofthefacilitycategorization,feedstockpretreatmentrequirements,anddigestatemanagementrequirements.BestManagementPracticesBestmanagementpractices(BMPs)andmonitoringandreportingrequirementsareoutlinedinthefinalchaptersoftheguideline.TheseincluderecommendedBMPsforfeedstockcollection,handling,andstorage,aswellasrecommendationsfordigestatestorage,andstrategiesforthereductionofodoursandfugitivedust.
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TableofContents
Chapter1:Introduction...............................................................................................................14
1.1 WhothisGuidelineisFor...............................................................................................14
1.2 WhatisAnaerobicDigestion..........................................................................................14
1.3 BenefitsofAnaerobicDigestion.....................................................................................14
1.4 TypesofAnaerobicDigesters.........................................................................................15
1.5 ProcessTemperatures....................................................................................................16
1.6 MicrobiologicalDecompositionofOrganicCompoundstoBiogas...............................16
Chapter2:OverviewofApprovalProcess...................................................................................18
2.1 MinistryofEnvironmentWasteDischargeAuthorization.............................................18
2.2 WasteStreamstoIdentifyintheAuthorizationApplication.........................................18
2.3 Feedstocks......................................................................................................................18
2.4 DigestateManagement..................................................................................................18
2.5 ListingofRegulatoryAgencies.......................................................................................20
Chapter3:MOERegulatoryFrameworkforWasteDischargeAuthorizations...........................22
3.1 EnvironmentalManagementAct...................................................................................22
3.2 WasteDischargeRegulation..........................................................................................22
3.3 WasteDischargeAuthorizations..........................................................................