omf000004 radio frequency part and antenna issue2.1

7/21/2019 OMF000004 Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1

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www.huawei.com

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

adio !re"uency#art and Antenna


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Pa e2Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

!oreword

! components are widely used in wireless system,and e$ect per%ormance o% networ&


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'()ectives

*pon completion o% this course, you will (e a(le to+*nderstand the structure and %eatures o% com(ination

unit

aster the &ey speci-cations o% antennae a(le to choose the suita(le type o% ! component


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Contents1. RF Part in BTS

2. Antenna

/. !eeder and TTA


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! evice o% T1 Antenna

TTA

Antennastand

Jumper betweenantenna and TTA

Jumper betweenTTA and feeder

Feeder

Lighteningarrester

Jumper betweenlightening arresterand cabinet

BTS312 cabinet

SWITCH BOX

FAN BOX

AIR BOX

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

U

T

U

T

!

S

T

!

U

T

!

U

C

D

U

C

D

U

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

C

D

U

C

D

U

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

C

D

U

C

D

U

TDU

FAN BOX

AIR BOX

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

U

TR

X

TR

X

TR

X

TR

X


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ntroduction

! device in T1 include two parts

ndoor+ com(iner and splitter unit

!or e3ample+ C * module, 1C* module and 4 *

module'utdoor+ antenna, %eeder, TTA 5tower top ampli-er ,

)umper and lightning arrester


7/70Pa e7Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

!unction o% Com(iner andivider

*se one antenna to support multiple T78 7 signals,decreases the amount o% antenna and %eeder

Complete duple3er o% T78 7 and com(ine T7 signal

-lter, ampli%y and split the 7 signal #rovide power %or TTA



C * 5Com(ining and ivider*nit

T"1

T"2

T"#$%mbT"#&up

c%mbiner duple"er

di'ider

di'ider

amplifier

filter

("1("2("3(")

("*("+(",("-

.L#%ut

.L#in

("%ut("&

T"/("#A0T



1C* 51imple Com(iner *nit

T 1

T 2

T 3

T )

T $%mb

combiner

combiner

combiner



4 * 54nhance uple3er *nit

T"1 duple"er

di'ider

amplifier

("1("2

T"/("#A0T1

di'ider

amplifier

("1

("2

duple"er T"/("#A0T2T"2



Comparison among i$erent Com(ining*nits

CombineMode

Typical Lossal!e o"TX#dB$

%&iceCompa&ison

#pe& TRX$

$&U

c%mbine tw%T signal

%ne step 3dBc%mbiner

) * middle

S$U

c%mbine f%ur

T signaltw% step 3dB

c%mbiner

+ - l%w

S$U4$&U

c%mbine f%urT signal

tw% step 3dBc%mbiner

- l%w

!&Un% c%mbiner

d%uble duple" 1 middle&%uble $&U

5 with%ut c%mbiner6n% c%mbiner

d%uble duple" 1 high

&%uble $&U57ith c%mbiner6

c%mbine tw%T signal

d%uble duple") * middle



4C *941C*

4C * The structure is the same as C *:s, (ut increase A7.

input power. t can (ear up to;00< input ! power

41C* The structure is the same as C *:s, (ut increase A7.

input power. t can (ear up to;00< input ! power



1=8=8= 2C *T'(R'M)ANT* R'D

CDU)*D!ple'e&

Combine& Dis+&ib!+o& Dis+&ib!+o&

T'(R'M)ANT, R'D

CDU),D!ple'e&

Combine& Dis+&ib!+o& Dis+&ib!+o&

T' TR'-R'MR'D

T' TR'*R'MR'D

T' TR', R'MR'D

T' TR',R'MR'D



1=8=8= 1C*>C *T 8UT

( A

( B

T 8UT

( A( B

T

COMB

T $8 B

T 8UT

( A

( B

DU%

*./

*./

T /( A0T

T 8UT

( A( B

T

(

.L 8UT

.L 90

COMBT $8 B

T &UP

( & 8UT

S$U

( & A0T

5T /( B6

5( A6

$&U



oard in T1/0;2+ C'

The C' is optional and there areup to three C' s.

The C' com(ines the 2?route

T * transmission signals andoutputs them to the #*

DCOM

T $8

T 2

T 1

80S.!LL



nter%aces on C'

nter%ace Type escription

'@1H4LL 26

5%emale

!or identi-cation o% the (oard type

o% C' and on?site status

T7 C' @ 5male 'utput o% com(ining signals %romthe C' to #*

T7; @ 5male T7 signal input %rom the T * to

C'

T72 @ 5male T7 signal input %rom the T * toC'



oard in T1/0;2+ #*

The #* is intermi3ed with the C' in the %orepart o%! su(system

1ending multi ! signals %rom the transceiver in the T *

to the antenna through the duple3er

1ending signals %rom the antenna a%ter ampli%ying and

"uartering them to the transceiver in the T *

etecting standing wave alarms in the Antenna !eeder

system

eceiving the gain control o% the low noise ampli-er



!unctional structure o% the#*

A0TB

T A

T B

( A)

d!ple'e& d!ple'e& di0ide& di0ide& d!ple'e& d!ple'e& di0ide& di0ide&

A0TA

( A1( A2( A3

( B1( B2( B3( B)



ndicators on #*Indicat

orColo

r Description Status Meaning

*@ Breenndicates the#* is running

and powerd on

'n There is power supply and the(oard is %aulty.

'$ There is no power supply or the(oard is %aulty.

1low ash 50.DHE

The (oard is running normally.

!ast ash 52.DHE

The T * is sendingcon-guration parameters to the#* or the #* is loadingso%tware programs.

AL ed ndicates an alarm

'n 5includinghigh?%re"uencyash

There is alarm5including standingwave alarm and the (oard is%aulty.

'$ @o %ault

1low ash 50.DHE

The (oard is starting or loadingthe newest application programs

F1< A edndicates astanding wavealarm o% ChannelA

1low ash 50.DHE

1tanding wave alarm occurs toChannel A

'n 1tanding wave critical alarmoccurs to Channel A

'$ @o standing wave alarm occurs toChannel A

F1< edndicates astanding wavealarm o% Channel

1low ash 50.D

HE

1tanding wave alarm occurs to

Channel 'n 1tanding wave critical alarm

occurs to Channel

(U0 AL:S7(A

( A1

( A2

( A3( A)

( B1

( B2

( B3

( B)

DD%U

T A

T B

$8

P87!(

:S7(B

A0TA A0TB



nter%ace on #*nter%ac

e Type escription

C' 265%emale

1ends to the #* control signals, communicationsignals, cloc& signals and su(rac& num(er

#'



oard in T1/0;2+ AT*

t is optional and there are ma3imum twoAT*s

Transmitting the remote electrical tilt unit

5 4T control signals!eeding the T A

Communicating with the T * %or

control and alarm report

DATU

(U0

A$T

AL

A0T;

A0T1

A0T2

A0T3

A0T)

A0T*



ias?Tee

1eparate ! signal %rom controlsignal 5antenna downtilt and

power supply 5TTA

Connect antenna via )umper toconnector ;

Connect #* to connector /

Connect AT* to connector 2

1

2

3



G T 7s Connection o% T1/0;2

&$8

&ATU

B9AS T!!

&&PU

&T(U



Contents;. ! #art in T12. Antenna

/. !eeder and TTA


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Classi-cation

Classi%y (y wor&ing (and+ *H!, FH!, microwave, etc.Classi%y (y radiate pattern+ omni, directional

Classi%y (y structure+ line, pane, para(ola %eed

Classi%y (y polariEation+ vertical and horiEontal

Classi%y (y outline+ line and pane


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8mni &irecti%n&irecti%nal Antenna

adiate #attern


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'utline


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#olariEation

'ertical p%lari


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!unction

Convert high %re"uency current to electromagnetic wavewhen transmitting

Convert electromagnetic wave to high %re"uency currentwhen receiving

Antenna can not ampli%y the transmission power, )ustconcentrate ! power to one direction

h%ri


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adiate #attern

Omni antennalobe

Direction

antenna lobe


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adiate #attern


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ipole and sotropic

ipole

*(/ 1a0e len2+3

*(/1a0e len2+3

*(,1a0e len2+3

9s%tr%pic

Ideal radiator with same ability on all direction!


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Bain

The radiation a(ility o% certain antenna overtop dipole orisotropic

ndicates the antenna %eature o% electromagnetic radiation

in speci-c directions

*nit+ d i8d d 9s%tr%pic antennaS=mmetrical dip%le

antenna Actual antenna

dBd

dBi

2 1*dB


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!orward to ac& atio

The ratio o% main lo(e signal strength to (ac& lo(e This value is within ;G =Dd . n ur(an, it is

suggested to use the antenna with high !8 ratio


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eam Angle

H#


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own Title

To control coverage To decrease inter modulation

ealiEation+ electron and mechanism


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mechanism

electron

own Title


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4$ect o% 4lectron own Title

0% &%wn title !lectr%n &%wn title


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4$ect o% echanism owntitle

0% &%wntitle !lectr%n &%wntitle


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4$ect o% i$erent ethods

1;>5!6 1;>5 6+>5!64 )>5 6


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#olariEation

The direction o% electro ? vector radiated (y antenna. The vertical polariEation wave is vertical with the

plane o% ground, and the horiEontal polariEation waves

parallel with the plane o% ground

1ingle antenna has only one polariEation direction.

ual polariEed antenna contains two single ? polariEed

antenna in one entity. ual polariEation antenna

usually adopts >=D8 =D degree orthogonal polariEation


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#olariEation

:RTICAL HORIAONTAL

; /9 7 /9


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ual #olariEation

(H ;(7 /95


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#ort solation The isolation among ports should (e more than /0 d . %or

multi?ports antenna, 1uch as dual (and, dual polariEationantenna

*--- mW #*W$ *mW

*-lo2#*---mW(*mW$ < 8-dB


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Main +o lo1e& side

Main +o !ppe& side

*pper 1ide Lo(e 1uppression


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#assive intermodulation 5#t is the inermodulation e$ect caused (y the non?linearitypresent in the passive components, such as connector, antenna,%eeder, and -lter, wor&ing under high power signals o% multiplecarriers.

Benerally, it is granted that passive components are o% linearity.

*nder high power condition, nonlinearity is present in passivecomponents to some e3tent mainly due to the %ollowing causes+

etals o% di$erent materials are contacted together.

The contact sur%ace o% the same materials is rough.

The components are not tightly connected.

agnetic su(stances are present.


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*sage o% AntennaLand%orm 1tation Type e%erence

*r(an areasirectional station

1elect the antennas with low or

medium gains and preset electrical tilt

angle depending on (ase station

density. An electrical ad)ustment

antenna or mechanical tilt angle can

(e selected.

1u(ur(an areas irectional station

1elect the antennas with high gainM

(oth electrical ad)ustment tilt antenna

and mechanical tilt antenna are o&.

#lains 9 uralareas

irectional station

1elect the K0N antennasM (ut the (est

choice is the vertical signalpolariEation antennas.

irectional station1elect the antennas with Eero point

-lling -rst regardless o% tilt angle.


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*sage o% AntennaLand%orm 1tation Type e%erence

43pressways

irectional station

!irst select the G?shaped antennas,and then consider using the powersplitter o% 0.D80.D con-gurationM it ispre%erred to have Eero point -lling%unction.

irectional station >'mni station

!irst consider the 2;0N antennas,and then consider using thedirectional antenna and omniantenna together.

ountainareas

'mni station

!irst consider the antennas with Eeropoint -lling %unction, and then

consider the antennas with low gainMthe antenna tilt angel is consideredlast.

irectional station

!irst consider the antennas with lowgain and wide vertical (eams, andthen consider adding tile angle.


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Coupling etween Antennas

HoriEontal separation1uIcient decoupling distance+ D?;0O

Antenna patterns (ecome

superimposed i%

distance is too close

Fertical separation

ecoupling distance+;O can provide

(etter 7 8T7 decoupling

inimum coupling loss

main l%be

* 1;


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nstallation 43amplesecommended decoupling

T7 ? T7+ P/0d

T7 ? 7+ P=0d

HoriEontal decoupling distance

depends onAntenna gainHoriEontal rad. pattern

'mni?directional antenna*se vertical separation %or 7 and

T7

*se vertical separation 5Q%or&R %or

7 and diversity 7

:ertical dec%upling is much m%re effecti'e

;?2m

8mni directi%nal @ * 2;mdirecti%nal @ 1 3m


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Antenna nstallation

Coupling loss (dB):

LvJ2G>=0log5&8O 5vertical installation

LvJ22>20log5d8O ?5B ; >B 2 ?51 ; >1 2 5horiEontal

installation

S+ wave length

+ distance at vertical

+ distance at horiEontal

B ; B 2+ gain1 ; 1 2 + elative gain at line connected two antenna


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istri(uted Antenna 1ystem

"#BTSP%wersplitter P%wersplitter

P%wersplitter

c%upling

c%upling

c%upling

c%upling

Smallantenna

Smallantenna

Smallantenna

Small

antenna

Smallantenna

Smallantenna

Smallantenna

c%upling

&ual directi%n

amplifier

&ual directi%n amplifier


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1ymmetry and Asymmetry@etwor&

T"/("

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

T"/("

1 3+

; *1;

1;; *

&ual directi%n amplifier

&ual directi%namplifier


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'ptical !i(er istri(utedAntenna

The optical -(er repeater is mainly adopted in the case o% wide coverage and long distance transmission

#ignal

$%tical "ranscei&er $ % t i c a l " r a n s c e i & e r

$%tical "ranscei&er

$ % t i c a l " r a n s c e i &

e r

"ranscei&er

"ranscei&er


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Lea&y Ca(le

Coa3ial ca(le with per%orated leadst is mainly adopted %or tunnel, metro and with high

cost o% e"uipment and installing

T"/("

'atching load

'atching load

()al direction am%li*ier

()al direction am%li*ier

Power s%litter


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Lea&y ca(le

Coa3ial ca(le with per%orated leads#roduce constant -eld?strength along ca(le runs


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!eature o% Lea&y Ca(le

Transmission loss per hundred meter Typical value + ;0P=0 d per ;00m

Couple Loss at ; meter distance

Typical value DD d 5at ;m

.%w t% calculate strength with lea =cable


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Comparison with istri(utedAntenna

T=pe Lea ing Fiber $%a"ial Fiber 8ptical

design Agilit= g%%d g%%d n%t g%%d

$%st high l%w high

$%mple"it= %f9nstalling high l%w l%w

L%ss %fTransmissi%n high high l%w

P%wer Suppl= n%t needed n%t needed needed

(eliabilit= high high l%w

Applicabilit= metr%? tunnelhigh building?

$%mmercial areafar areac%'erage


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Contents

;. ! #art in T12. Antenna

3. Feeder and TTA


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Triple3 Tower Top Ampli-er

L%w n%ise amplifier

T filter

b=passBias TeeBTS

T&iple' TTA

antenna

&$

-. *ilter -. *ilter


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ata Con-guration o% C * Turn on power o% TTA in C * (e%ore installation

TTA switch is in rear panel o% C *

Con-guration alarm threshold o% TTA current (e%ore installation

TTA current switch is in rear panel o% C *

Con-guration attenuation %actor o% receive signal on consol

attenuation %actor o% receive signal

JTTA gain U %eeder loss

1imple3 TTA gain+;=d , triple3 TTA gain+;2d

onV t use TTA i% not necessary

!or the convenience o% installation

To get (etter lighting ?proo% e$ect


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#ower 1witch and CurrentLimit

ear panel o% < C *

TTA TTA&

8FF 8FF

TTA TTA&

123TTA TTA&

8FF 8FF

123

TTA @ p%wer switch %f main TTA switch

TTA&@ p%wer switch %f di'ersit= TTA

select current limitTTA TTA&


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#ower 1witch and CurrentLimit

ear panel o% C' 4F C *

A 9 0

;1 2

3

;12

3

& 9 : ! ( S !

0%te@

A90 main TTA switch&9:!(S! di'ersit= TTA switch

; 1 2 3

;12

3

;1 2

3

;12

3


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!eeder Feeder selection

Type + ;82R W8GR D8=R1elect D8=R in the case o% %eeder length is more thanG0 mand otherwise select W8GR in K00 HE1elect D8=R in the case o% %eeder length is more than

D0 mand otherwise select W8GR in ;G00 HE!eeder curvature should not (e so (ig, outer conductorshould (e connected to earth

/0 251 156 74 4722( , 7 86090 31 156 465 874 03# 50 22 7 8

, $':0 221 156 64 3'1474, 7 8

,;(-:


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1ummary

n this course, we have learned+C* structure and loss

1C* structure and loss

Antenna type and %eature

TTA


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omf000004 radio frequency part and antenna issue2.1

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