Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Created by:

Sarah London, Nutritionist

OmegaPure, a division of Omega Protein, Inc

Types of Dietary Fat

Dietary Fats

Unsaturated Fat Saturated Fat

Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated

Oleic (Olive Oil) Omega-6

• Linoleic

• Arachiodonic

• GLA

• CLA

Omega-3

• Alpha-Linoleic

• EPA

• DPA

• DHA

Polyunsaturated Fish, grains such as flaxseed and cereal

TransPartially hydrogenised fats like margarine and baking shortening

SaturatedPeanut oil, coconut oil, animal fat, and butterfat

Fully saturated with hydrogen bonds

At least one double bond

More than 2 double bonds

1 double bond

MonounsaturatedNuts, avocados, teasea oil, and olive oil

Imbalance of Omega-6 to Omega-3 in the Western Diet

Paleolithic Diet (1:2) Current Western Diet (25:1) Recommended Diet (4:1)

Bourre JM, Dumont O, Piciotti M, Clement M, et al. “Essentiality of n-3 fatty acids for brain structure and function ”. World Rev Nutr Diet 66(1991) 103-17; Holub BJ. “Omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular care”. CMAJ 166(2002) 608-15

• Current Western Diet 25:1, but could reach 50:1 in individuals consuming mostly processed foods.

• Omega-6 promotes inflammation and heart conditions.

Omega-3Omega-6 Omega-6

Omega-3

Omega-6

Omega-3

Allport, Susan. The Queen of Fats. London: University of California, 2006.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-6 Fatty AcidsContain EPA and DHA

that are essential for:

• Proper growth and development

• Metabolic processes• Inhibit free forming fatty acids

from destroying healthy cells. • Allows for better

communication between cells.

Omega-6 are involved in:

• Production of inflammation

• Regulation of cholesterol metabolism

• Creates structure in cell membranes

Sources:

Fish oil (EPA and DHA), green leafy vegetables and algae (DHA only)

Sources:

Safflower oil, Sunflower oil, Corn oil, Sesame oil, Soybean oil, Wheatgerm oil, Evening Primrose oil, Walnuts

vs.

USDA

“…evidence suggests an association between consumption of fatty acids in fish and reduced risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease for the general population.” 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

• Number 1 killer of Americans today• 2 out of 5 American deaths caused by cardiovascular disease

American Heart Association

“Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown in epidemiological and clinical trials to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease.” Kris Etherton, P

Kris Etherton, P. et al. Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation, 2002; 106:2747.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease

• The US National Institute of Health – 650 mg/day of EPA and DHA and 2 grams/day of

omega-3 fatty acids– Limit omega-6 fatty acid to 4 gm/day.

EPA and DHA Recommendations

Types of omega-3 fatty acids:

– Alpha linolenic acid (ALA)

– Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)

– Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)

– Docosapentaenoic (DPA)

Omega-3 fatty acids are long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and contain the essential nutrients EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid).

EPA and DHA are essential for:

• Proper growth and development

• Metabolic processes

• Inhibit free forming fatty acids from destroying healthy cells.

The Importance of EPA and DHA

Improves blood platelet functionality

Reduces inflammation Reduces occurrence of

heart attacks Necessary for transport of

nutrients through cell membranes

Improves blood flow

Promotes proper cell turnover

Supports healthy development of blood cells

Assists in the creation of blood vessels

Inhibits free forming fatty acids from destroying healthy cells

EPA DHA

Fish Oil is the Best Source for Omega- 3 EPA and DHA

ALA source (Alpha-Linoleic Acid):

• Have to be converted by the body into EPA and DHA

• Less than 1% of DHA and EPA from ALA is absorbed due to loss during conversion

Pawlosky, Robert J. “Physiological compartmental analysis of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in adult humans”. Journal of Lipid Research. 42,(2001): 1257-65

Algae source:

• Algae only contains DHA

• Does not contain the essential nutrient EPA

Fish oil source:

• Contains EPA and DHA

• 100% bioavailable- effective immediately for 100% absorption

ALA Conversion Process

Converts to Converts back and forth

ALA

EPADHA

Cold water fish, fish oil, free range chicken and eggs, grass fed beef and wild game; fresh seaweed (DHA only)

Chloroplast in dark green vegetables, walnuts, and flaxseeds

Converts to

Supplies

Short chain

Intermediate Molecules

Bioavailable

Daily Recommendations for Long Chain Omega-3

Organization Suggested Child Recommendations (mg)

Australia and New Zealand Health Authorities

400mg/day

World Health Organization Undetermined

British Nutrition Foundation Undetermined

American Heart Association Undetermined

Typical Omega-3 fatty acid intake in the U.S: 100mg

Minimum Recommended:~500mg/day

Organization Suggested Adult Recommendations (mg)

Australia and New Zealand Health Authorities

430mg-610mg/day

World Health Organization 1000mg-2000mg/day

British Nutrition Foundation 1000mg-2000mg/day

American Heart Association 1000mg-4000mg/day

Health Studies

Brain Development: IQ, Dyslexia, Dementia, Alzheimer’s, ADD/ADHD, Depression and Suicide, Aggression, Anxiety

Neurological: Bi-Polar Disorder, Schizophrenia, Autism, Multiple Sclerosis, Lou Gehrig’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease

Cardiovascular and Circulatory Systems: Atherosclerosis, Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Angina, Heart Attack, Arrhythmias, Stroke, Hypertension, Cardiovascular & Coronary Heart Disease

Respiratory System: Asthma, Emphysema, Cystic Fibrosis, ARDS, Chronic Lung Disease,

Skeletal and Muscular System: Tooth Loss, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Bone Density, Joint Health, Fibromyalgia

Dermatological System: Acne, Eczema, Psoriasis

Digestive System: Ulcers, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Chron’s Disease, Intestinal Disorders

Immune System: AIDS, Lupus, Autoimmune Diseases

Reproductive System: Prostate Health, Breastfeeding, Pregnancy, Menopause, HPV, PMS

Endocrine System: Diabetes

Urinary System: Kidney’s, Hemodialysis

Cancer: Breast, Prostate, Colorectal, Kidney, Liver, Lymph, Colon, Lung

Weight Control

Vision: Cataracts, Dry Eye, Macular Degeneration, Retinopathy

Scientific Research- Omega-3 and Health

This is simply a list of the health benefits

associated with EPA and DHA found in fish oil.

To learn more about each health concern and the

benefits of omega-3, please visit our online library

of information of health concerns and discover

how omega-3 can create a lifetime of health.

www.omegapure.com

• Promote the excessive production of eicosanoids

(inflammation)

• Increased production of free radicals

• Compete with enzymes of metabolic pathways creating a

host of medical problems.

• Increased susceptibility to lipid oxidation

• Stimulates neoplastic cell growth in culture

• Impairs insulin activity

The excessive consumption of omega-6 fatty acids:

Why the excess consumption?

• Cost Efficient• Easier production• Shelf stability• Longer shelf life• Ability to market low-

saturated fat

Consumer barriers to healthy living:

Food Industry’s Contribution:

• Lack of time• Love to eat their favorite foods• The expense• Confusion with health claims

• Not interested in exercise

Euromonitor International 2007

• Multiple small changes contribute to significant health rewards

• Simple substitutions are key to nutrient dense foods leading to better overall health

• Replace your typical product with one enriched with omega-3

Functional Food Solution

• Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables• Consume oils with a healthy balance of

omega-3 to omega-6• Eat a variety of fatty fish: tuna, salmon,

mackerel• Eat omega-3 fortified foods• Avoid hydrogenated and partially

hydrogenated oils- trans fat• Choose free range chicken, beef,

bison, pork and other wild game• Use fish oil supplements rich in EPA

and DHA

Allport, Susan. The Queen of Fats. London: University of California, 2006.

Take an omega-3 supplementEat more oily fish

Reduce omega-6 consumption

Restoring Balance

Maximize Your Health

Omega-3 Market

Market Evolution

100.0400.0 820.0

1,399.7

2,000.2

3,500.3

4,798.9

5,499.56,104.4

7,001.7

$0

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

$8,000

In M

illi

on

s

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Past and Projected Retail Sales of Omega-3 Enhanced Products 2002-2011

Source: Packaged Facts: Omega-3 Foods and the U.S. Food and Beverage Market, March 2007

75% 37% 15% 11% 15%Percent increase:

* These numbers include flax

Market Knowledge

Source Knowledge of Omega-3 by Consumer Age

29%24%

7%

23%

5%

61%65%

6%

67%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Algae Oil

Plant Oil

Fish Oil

Ty

pe

s o

f o

me

ga

-3

56 and older

36-55 years

18-35 years

• Omega Protein is the world’s largest processor of fish oil - OmegaPure.

• Vertically integrated from catch through production.

• Omega Protein owns 40 fishing vessels and 38 spotter planes.

• State-of-the-art fish oil refinery produces OmegaPure from herring (menhaden) caught in U.S. waters.

• OmegaPure Technology and Innovation Center (OPTIC) established for product development.

• Publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (OME).

Omega Protein, Inc

2105 City West Blvd., Suite 500Houston, Texas 77042-2838

slondon@omegaproteininc.com Direct Line:713-940-6108

For more information on omega-3 fatty acids, EPA/DHA, the industry, or OmegaProtein, please contact me at: