Oh, my aching feet:Common foot and ankle issues

Miki Matsuda, DPM, MBAPodiatry, Via Christi ClinicVia Christi St. Francis Wound Care Clinic

Overviews

wBasic anatomywCommon foot disorderswCommon ankle disorderswQuestion/Answer

Ankle anatomy

Foot anatomy

w42 musclesw26 bonesw33 joints

Foot anatomy

Foot disorders

Ingrown toenail

wIs curved and grows into the skin, usually at the nail borders (the sides of the nail). This “digging in” of the nail irritates the skin, often creating pain, redness, swelling, and warmth in the toe.

Ingrown toenail

Onychomycosis

wIs fungal infection of nail.wAging is the most common risk factor.

Onychomycosis

wMedication (oral or topical).wHome remedies – vicks vaporub, vinegar soak, tea tree oil etc).wRemoval of toenail.

Plantar warts

wIs caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).wSelf-limiting, but treatment is generally recommended to lessen symptoms.

Callous

wIs build up of skin due to repeated pressure or friction on an area of skin.wIs increased pressure points.wIll-fitting shoe.

Ganglion Cyst

wNoncancerous lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints.

Plantar Fibromatosis

wIs a benign nodule that grows on the bottom of the foot.wIs usually slow growing and measures less than an inch in size.

Bunion

wIs often described as a bump on the side of the big toe. wVisible bump actually reflects changes in the bony framework of the front part of the foot. wAn inherited faulty mechanical structure of the foot.

Bunion - symptoms

wPain or soreness.wInflammation and redness.wA burning sensation.wPossible numbness.

Bunion

Hammer toe deformity

wA contracture (bending) of one or both joints of the second, third, fourth, or fifth (little) toes.wCause of hammer toe is a muscle/tendon imbalance.

Hammer toe - symptoms

wPain or irritation of the affected toe when wearing shoes.wCalluses (a buildup of skin) on the toe, between two toes, or on the ball of the foot. Inflammation, redness, or a burning sensationwContracture of the toe.wIn more severe cases of hammer toe, open sores may form.

Heel pain

wMost often caused by plantar fasciitis.wIs an inflammation of the band of tissue (the plantar fascia) that extends from the heel to the toes.

Heel pain

wPain on the bottom of the heel.wPain in the arch of the foot.wPain that is usually worse upon arising.wPain that increases over a period of months.

Heel pain

wCan be caused over growth of bone on the back of the heel bone.wOften related to chronic tugging of a tight Achilles tendon on the back of the heel.

Heel pain

wStretching exercise.wAvoid barefoot.wArch support.wNight splint.wHeel lift.

Morton’s Neuroma

wIs a thickening of nerve tissue.wCommon neuroma in the foot is a Morton’s neuroma.wIs the result of compression and irritation of the nerve.

Morton’s Neuroma - symptoms

wTingling, burning, or numbness.wPain.wA feeling that something is inside the ball of the foot.wA feeling that there’s something in the shoe or a sock is bunched up.

Flatfoot

wIs often a complex disorder, with diverse symptoms and varying degrees of deformity and disability.

Flatfoot - symptoms

wPain in the heel, arch, ankle, or along the outside of the foot.w“Rolled-in” ankle (over- pronation)wPain along the shin bone (shin splint)wGeneral aching or fatigue in the foot or leg.wLow back, hip or knee pain.

Flatfoot

Foot arthritis

wIs a condition characterized by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage in one or more joints. wCartilage protects and cushions the bones during movement. w“Wear and tear”.

Foot arthritis

wPain and stiffness in the joint.wSwelling in or near the joint.wDifficulty walking or bending the joint.

Fracture

wIs due to injury.

wSeek medical attention.

Diabetic foot ulcer

wIs an open sore or wound that occurs in approximately 15 percent of patients with diabetes and is commonly located on the bottom of the foot. 

Diabetic foot ulcer

wCheck your foot daily.wAvoid barefoot.wGood sugar control.wDiabetic foot exam.

Ankle disorders

Ankle sprain

wIs usually due to traumawIs soft tissue injury – ligaments and tendons

Ankle sprain

wPain is uncontrolled, despite the used of over-the-counter medications, elevation, and ice.wThe injured person is unable to walk or cannot walk more than a few steps without severe pain.

wThe ankle fails to improve within five to seven days.

Arthritis

Achilles tendinitis

wIs the largest tendon in the body.wGenerally caused by overuse of the affected limb. 

Peoroneal tendinitis

wIs an inflammation in the tendon.wRun on the outside of the ankle just behind the bone.

Office location

Via Christi Clinicw1947 Founders’ Circle (21st St. and K96)w9211 E. 21st Street (21st St. and Webb road) 316-609-4501 or 316-613-4613

Wound Care ClinicwVia Christi Hospital St. Francis – 848 building 316-268-5881

Questions???