OGTOGTREVIEWREVIEW

OGTOGTREVIEWREVIEW

People You Should Know

Napoleon- was a military and political leader of France and Emperor of the French as Napoleon I, whose actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century.

John Locke- was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers.

Karl Marx- The philosopher, social scientist, historian and

revolutionary works inspired the foundation of many communist regimes in the twentieth century.

People You Should KnowTheodore Roosevelt- president early 1900’s, soldier in

Spanish American War, helped build Panama Canal, Big Stick Policy.

Woodrow Wilson- President during WWI, created 14 Points, founded the League of Nations, a Progressive President.

Franklin Roosevelt- President during Great Depression, New Deal, WWII, helped solve the Depression, got us through the war, created Social Security, United Nations.

Mao Tse Dong- became first Communist leader of China in 1949, held authoritarian control over the nation until his death in 1976.

People You Should Know

Adolf Hitler -leader of Germany during WWII, dictator, perpetrator of the Final Solution resulting in the Holocaust.

John F. Kennedy-President in the 1960’s, involved with founded the Peace Corps., mishandling of the Bay of Pigs Invasion, and resolving the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Fidel Castro-became the first Communist leader of Cuba in 1959, involved with Bay of Pigs Invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis.

Gandhi- leader of the independence movement in India, inspiration for leaders such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela

People You Should Know

Nelson Mandela- leader of the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, jailed for 27 years, first black African president in South Africa.

Martin Luther King Jr.- leader of Montgomery Bus Boycott, became leader of the movement, “I Have a Dream” speech.

Rosa Parks- civil rights activist, helped start the movement with her act of civil disobedience on a Montgomery bus.

Richard Nixon- president in the 1970’s, first to visit China and Soviet Union, Watergate Scandal, first to resign.

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS

SPANISH AMERICAN WAR-

CAUSES: The mistreatment of Cubans by Spain and the blowing up of the U.S.S. Maine in the Havana Harbor. Yellow Journalism

SIGNIFICANCE: U.S. is establishes itself as a military power.

EFFECTS: Panama Canal is built, The U.S. acquires Guam, Puerto Rica, and the Philippines.

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS

WORLD WAR I-

CAUSES: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, the immediate cause is the assassination of Franz Ferdinand.

SIGNIFICANCE: New technology changes how all armies organize themselves,

EFFECTS: League of Nations, Great Depression, World War II, The Holocaust.

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS

WORLD WAR II-

CAUSES: the harsh terms of the Versailles Treaty, economic instability in Europe, Rise of Dictators.

SIGNIFICANCE: helps to end the Great Depression, changes the world’s view on crimes against humanity.

EFFECTS: the United Nations, Atomic Bomb, Cold War, The U.S. and Soviet Union emerge as superpowers. Baby Boom,

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS

THE COLD WAR-

CAUSES: The use of atomic weapons, Soviet’s refusal to leave Eastern Europe after WWII.

SIGNIFICANCE: a lasting, uneasy peace between the U.S. and Soviet Union will shape world politics.

EFFECTS: Berlin Wall, Korean War, Vietnam War NATO, Warsaw Pact, Arms Race, Space Race

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS

KOREAN WAR-

CAUSES: Korea is divided after WWII, North (communist) invades the South (non-communist) domino effect, containment

SIGNIFICANCE: increased tension in the Cold War.

EFFECTS: Korea is still divided, oppressive government in the North.

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS

VIETNAM WAR-

CAUSES: unstable government in the South, fear of the domino effect, containment

SIGNIFICANCE: civil disobedience, conscientious objectors.

EFFECTS: Long drawn out war in Vietnam and at home with hawks versus doves. Vietnam eventually taken over by Communism.

LANDMARK COURT CASES

PLESSY V. FERGUSON-

Homer Plessy sued the railroad because of segregated cars in 1892.

1896- the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against him that as long as the segregated cars were equal it was allowable under the Constitution.

“Separate but Equal” was established which made all of the segregation laws known as Jim Crow legal.

LANDMARK COURT CASES

BROWN V. THE BOARD-

In 1954, the Brown family and several other families sued the school system in Topeka, Kansas.

Thurgood Marshall argued the case, that the schools were not equal.

Plessy v. Ferguson was overturned and the process of desegregating the schools began in the years to follow.

LANDMARK COURT CASES

SCHENK v. The U.S.-

During World War I, Charles Schenk protested the recruitment of soldiers by means of the draft.

He was arrested after protesting outside a recruitment office. After going to the U.S. Supreme Court based on upholding his 1st Amendment right to “Freedom of Speech”, he lost the case.

The court ruled that he was a clear and present danger to the United States during a time of war.

LANDMARK COURT CASESCALIFORNIA v. BAKKE-

In the mid 1970's Allan Bakke, a white graduate student, protested his inability to enter medical school at the University of California at Davis.

He argued that affirmative action programs prevented him from entering and were denying him his rights under the 13th and 14th amendments of the Constitution.

The court said racial quotas must be eliminated

DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

ENLIGHTENMENT- the age of reason

Intellectual, scientific and cultural life, centered upon the 18th century, in which reason was advocated as the primary source for legitimacy and authority.

Philosophers: John Locke, Francis Bacon, Adam Smith, Montesquieu, Rousseau

DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION-

New technology High immigration Growth of cities Crowding and pollution Poor working conditions African Americans migrate North for jobs. Women and children in the workplace.

DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

IMPERIALISM-

Search for new markets Competition for trade Military superiority Spread Christianity International Conflict

U.S. acquires: Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Philippines.

The U.S. builds the Panama Canal to link the oceans.

DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

RED SCARE-

Fear of Communism Blacklisting Suspicion of others. Unfair legal procedures.

Sacco and Vanzetti convicted and executed.

Palmer Raids violate Constitutional Rights.

DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

HARLEM RENAISSANCE-

African American literary movement. Marked by music, dance, art, and poetry. Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong, Duke

Ellington and others make a name in the New York neighborhood.

DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

COLD WAR-

an uneasy peace. Superpowers- U.S. and Soviet Union Arms race- weapons Space Race Wars- Korea and Vietnam Berlin Wall

DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

1950’s-

Good economy Dwight Eisenhower Age of television Conformity Hula Hoops, Drive Ins, Diners, Rock and Roll

DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

1960’s- era of uncertainty

Unease in the Cold War Civil Rights Movement Vietnam War begins Kennedy Assassination Martin Luther King Assassination