United States Coast GuardUnited States Coast GuardOffice of Vessel Traffic ManagementOffice of Vessel Traffic Management

Providing navigation safety Providing navigation safety information for America’s information for America’s

waterwayswaterways

Jorge ArroyoU.S. Coast GuardNavigation Safety TeamWashington, DC

American Association of Port AuthoritiesInnovation & Technology Conference

Chicago, ILApril 28, 2005

AIS Class AAIS Class A

2250 slots/min./2250 slots/min./chch (SOTDMA)(SOTDMA)

VHF VHF CCTVCCTVRadarRadar

8 Digital Interfaces…NMEA8 Digital Interfaces…NMEA--01830183ECS,ARPA,RADAR,PC,etcECS,ARPA,RADAR,PC,etc..

AIS1AIS1Ch. 87B Ch. 87B AIS2AIS2Ch. 88B Ch. 88B

•• 1 1 TxmtrTxmtr•• 3 3 RxvrsRxvrs

Ch. 70Ch. 70--DSCDSC

AIS InformationAIS Information

Dynamic (2Dynamic (2--10 sec)10 sec)• MMSI / IMO# • NAV STATUS• POSITION / UTC

- Via external GNSS or Internal GPS- ACCURACY (+/-10m)- COURSE (COG)- SPEED (SOG)

• HEADING *• RATE OF TURN *

Static & Voyage (6 min.)Static & Voyage (6 min.)• VESSEL NAME • TYPE OF SHIP • CALL SIGN • LENGTH / BEAM

- Derived from antenna location• STATIC DRAFT• HAZMAT ONBOARD• ETA / DESTINATION

Safety Related MessagingSafety Related Messaging• SHORT TEXT (156 bytes)

Binary MessagingBinary Messaging• VTS TARGETS, CLOSURES• MET/HYDRO• POB, CARGO INFO, AIR DRAFT• REGIONAL INDENTIFIERS AVAIL

The following must have a properly installed, operational, type-approved AIS

• On international voyage:Tankers, Passenger 150+ GT, all others 300+ GT

IAW SOLAS Regulation V/19.2.4

Self-propelled commercial vessels 65+ ft.Except fishing and small passenger vessels (150+ passengers)

• Within a VTS area:Self-propelled commercial vessel 65+ feet

Except fishing & small passengers vesselsTowing vessel 26+ ft. and 600+ hpVessel certificated to carry 150+ passengers

AIS Carriage RegulationsAIS Carriage Regulations 33 CFR 164.46 33 CFR 164.46

AIS PopulationAIS PopulationVessel Service MTSA SOLAS CFR Gap

Fishing Boat 3,800 1 - 3,800 Freight Ship 144 154 77 67 Industrial Vessel 11 21 11 - MODU - 1 - - Oil Recovery 36 - 11 25 OSV 715 55 432 283 Passenger 2,655 81 171 2,484 Research/School 13 10 13 - Tank Ship 35 102 15 20 Towboat/Tugboat 6,427 13 2,212 4,215 Total 13,836 438 2,942 10,894

All Receivers

050

100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900950

10001050110011501200125013001350140014501500

3/27/2003 5/27/2003 7/27/2003 9/27/2003 11/27/2003 1/27/2004 3/27/2004 5/27/2004 7/27/2004 9/27/2004 11/27/2004 1/27/2005 3/27/2005

Daily number of vessels tracked by Coast Guard R&D Center AIS Network

Mar’03 – Mar’05

AIS On Going Efforts…AIS On Going Efforts…

Class A’s: 18 type-approved, $16k -> 2.5kClass B’s: CS-TDMA-based, IEC CDV, expect units late’06, > $1kAIS for ATON’s & Base Stations: in developmentBinary Applications: 7 trial msgs/applications, 4-yr trial period

Met/Hydro, Tides, HazMat, Closures, Air Draft, POB, VTS Targets

IMO Model Course under review, STCW requirements pendsDisplay & Integration

IMO & IEC Standards: AIS Symbols, Radar; INS & ECS/ECDIS pendsNat’l Academy Sciences / TRB Study conductedCG&MT’04 mandates ECS, prescribes regulations by 1/07

Conf. Report ties it to AIS

Installation Guidelines for Small Vessels (5/05)

AIS On Going Efforts…AIS On Going Efforts…

VTS Modernization Project (Ports & Waterway Safety System)All CG VTS have AIS capability, except Louisville (temp ops) CVTS LA/LBCooperative VTS ventures in Tampa & Corpus Christi

Frequency Allocations / Ch. 87B licensed to MariTELFCC Rulemaking pends

FCC not issuing shore station licenses on AIS freqsMariTEL v. USCG lawsuit enjoining AIS carriage (June’05)

National AIS Project (NAIS)Major Acquisition Status (Sep’04)Operational Requirements under developmentRequest for Proposals (FY’06)

National Maritime Common Operating Picture (COP)

AIS ComplianceAIS Compliance• Jan 1st, 2005 -> Full Compliance

• Enforcement posture, violators were granted leniency till Mar 31st

• Post Apr 1st subject to administrative action or civil penalties • Civil Penalties can reach up to $25,0000, none issued thus far.• Issuances of Letters of Deviation (requiring corrective action)

• 01Jan05 to 18Apr05: 360 = 99 Foreign, 261 U.S• 01Apr05 to 18Apr05: 109 = 27 Foreign, 81 U.S, 13 pend

Various issues arising:• Erratic operation because of improper installation

• Analog-to-Digital Converters• Out-of-phase gyro inputs, GPS off-sets, etc.• Pilot plugs: availability, location, wiring

• Inaccurate or missing data entries• MMSI’s, destination, ETA’s, navigation status fields

• Over reliance on AIS, omitting B-to-B and COLREGS

United States Coast GuardUnited States Coast GuardOffice of Vessel Traffic ManagementOffice of Vessel Traffic Management

jarroyo@comdt.uscg.mil1-202-267-6277 www.navcen.uscg.gov

Providing navigation safety Providing navigation safety information for America’s information for America’s

waterwayswaterways

U.S. Coast GuardU.S. Coast Guard2100 22100 2ndnd St. SWSt. SW

Washington, DC 20953 Washington, DC 20953

AIS rulemakings…AIS rulemakings…• Marine Transportation Security Act: 11/25/02

• Authority for expedited rulemaking < 1 year

• Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS), V/19.2.4, 12/09/02 (amended)

• AIS Interim Rule: 07/01/03• Implements SOLAS (int’l) & MTSA (domestic) in VTS areas

• AIS Final Rule: 10/22/03, effective 11/24/03, deadline: 12/31/04• Letter to Congress re: unreasonableness & costs• Exempted F/V and small passenger vessels

• Request for Comments: AIS Expansion• 3 Public Meetings: New Orleans, New Bedford, Seattle

• Comment period closed 1/9/04, 180+ commenters

• FCC AIS rulemaking: comment period closed • Additional USCG regulations forthcoming…

46 U.S.C. 70114 - Automatic identification system

On the navigable waters of the United States, each…

Self-propelled commercial vessel of at least 65 feet,

Towing vessel of more than 26 feet and 600 hp,

Passenger vessels as determined by the USCG,

Any other vessel deemed necessary for the safe navigation of the vessel.

shall be equipped with and operate an AIS under regulations prescribed by the USCG.

Maritime Transportation Security ActMaritime Transportation Security Act

AISAIS AdditionalAdditional RequirementsRequirements• The requirements for Vessel Bridge-to-Bridge

radiotelephones in §§ 26.04(a) and (c) [use of frequencies], 26.05 [exclusive use by Master] , 26.06 [effective operating condition] and 26.07 [English] of this chapter also apply to AIS.

• Use of portable AIS is permissible only to the extent that does not affect the proper function of existing navigation and communication.

• The AIS Pilot Plug, on each vessel over 1,600 gross tons on an international voyage, must be available for pilot use, easily accessible from the primary conning position of the vessel, and near a 120 Volt, AC power, 3-prong receptacle.

AIS Regulatory NoteAIS Regulatory Note

• “Properly installed” refers to an installation using the guidelines set forth in IMO (SN/Circ.227)

• The term “effective operating condition” includes accurate input and upkeep of AIS data fields.

• Not all AIS units can broadcast position, COG, and SOG without the input of an external device (e.g. dGPS); the use of other external devices (e.g. gyro, rate of turn indicator) is highly recommended, however, not required except [for SOLAS vessels].

• Unless otherwise directed, vessels AIS equipped are required to make continuous, all stations, AIS broadcasts, in lieu of voice Position Reports. non-operational, within a VTS, it should be restored

• Should an AIS become to proper operating condition as soon as possible, and, until restored a vessel must:

(1) Notify the Center (VTS)(2) Make voice radio Position Reports (3) Make any other reports as directed

Automated VTS ReportingAutomated VTS Reporting

What is “Maritime Domain Awareness?”What is “Maritime Domain Awareness?”

Key to defending our Nation is the effective knowledge of all activities, events, and trends within any specified domain (air,land, sea, cyber) ...

This “domain awareness” enables identification of threats as early and as distant from our borders... as possible, to provide maximum time to determine the optimal course of action.

National Strategy for Combating Terrorism

Current Maritime Domain Awareness Definition

Maritime Domain Awareness is the effective understanding of objects and activities in or near the marine environment that could affect America’s security, safety, economy, or environment.

One known need: Common Operating Picture “plus”One known need: Common Operating Picture “plus”

DefenseOperations

Plans

DefenseOperations

Plans

Weather DataWeather Data

NationalAssets

NationalAssets

CommonIntelligence

Picture

CommonIntelligence

Picture

ForceDeployments

ForceDeployments

Law EnforcementOperations Plans

Law EnforcementOperations Plans

UnclassifiedSatellite PhotosUnclassified

Satellite Photos

UnclassifiedVessel Tracking Data

UnclassifiedVessel Tracking Data

Maps & ChartsMaps & ChartsModels

(e.g. radiological dispersion)Models

(e.g. radiological dispersion)

CustomsInformationCustoms

InformationFBI

InformationFBI

Information

Maritime Informationfor Safety and Law Enforcement

(MISLE) data

Maritime Informationfor Safety and Law Enforcement

(MISLE) data

Facilities SecurityPlans

Facilities SecurityPlans

Port SecurityAssessmentsPort SecurityAssessments

AutomaticIdentificationSystem data

AutomaticIdentificationSystem data

UnclassifiedCargo, Crew Data

UnclassifiedCargo, Crew Data

Port SecurityPlans

Port SecurityPlans

CommonOperating

Picture“plus”

CommonCommonOperatingOperating

PicturePicture“plus”“plus”

News MediaNews Media

AIS Capability - 2004

• All USCG VTSsNew YorkNOLA/LMRHouston/GalvestonBerwick Bay.LAPort Arthur. TXLA/LBSan FranciscoPuget SoundPrince Wm. SoundSte. Sault Marie

• St. Lawrence Seaway• R&D Test Sites

• Long Island Sound• Ft. Lauderdale, Key West

Common OperationalPicture-AIS tracks only

AIS Capability – 2005+

Ongoing projects:R&DCEN: FL, HI, CT/NY

NOAA/NDBC buoysContracts / Feasibility TestingPort Graham Corp. / MarEX AKORBCOMM Satellite

Co-ops VenturesVTS LMR & Port ArthurCVTS Tampa Bay / TPACVTS LA/LB - Channel Is. NMS

MarEX, NOAA, USN, NPS, OSPRCorpus Christi Port AuthorityD8/VTS/PetroCOM oil platforms