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The Transformation of the
Norwegian Maritime Industry to a
Global Maritime Knowledge Hub
Professor Torger Reve
BI Norwegian Business School
Oslo, Norway
OECD Workshop on the Future of Shipbuilding
Paris, November 29, 2012
Torger Reve
Torger Reve
A Global Race for Attractiveness
Nations and regions compete to be the
most attractive locations for knowledge
intensive industries
Torger Reve
How can we do business at all
in a country with the world’s
highest cost level?
The Norwegian Challenge
Knowledge Commons
Knowledge
Dynamics
Cluster
Attractiveness
Educational
Attractiveness
Talent
Attractiveness R&D and Innovation
Attractiveness
Ownership
Attractiveness
Environmental
Attractiveness
The Emerald Model
Competent Ownership
Education R&D
Innovation Global Knowledge Hub
Education, R&D and
Innovation
Competent Ownership
Industry
Torger Reve
Examples of global knowledge hubs
•Boston (Life sciences)
•Silicon Valley (IT)
•Houston (Oil & gas)
Torger Reve
Torger Reve
Global Knowledge Hubs are
Centres of Gravity
attracting talents, technology and
competent ownership on a global
scale
INVESTORS
VENTURE
CAPITAL
PORT
MARITIME
SERVICES
OFFSHORE
& MARINE
ENGINEERING
SHIPPING RESEARCH
INNOVATION
EDUCATION
A Global Maritime Knowledge Hub shall propel the
Singapore Maritime Cluster
Torger Reve
Norway is one of the few
European countries with a
complete maritime cluster
(including shipbuilding)
Torger Reve
Shipping
brokers
Effective
ports and
terminals
Advanced
ship equip-
ment
Maritime
R&D
Specialized
ship yards
Maritime
education
Ship
design
Maritime
IT
Ship
management
Marine
insurance
Shipping
finance
Advanced
fisheries
Environmental
standards
Maritime
policies
Offshore
oil and gas
industry
Logistics
systems
Maritime lawyers
Ship
classification
services
SHIPPING
Maritime: From ship tonnage to maritime technology
and finance
Torger Reve
SHIPPING
Maritime: From ship tonnage to maritime technology
and finance
Maritime has a Strong Emerald
Cluster
Attractiveness
Educational
Attractiveness
Talent
Attractiveness R&D and Innovation
Attractiveness
Ownership
Attractiveness
Environmental
Attractiveness
Knowledge Dynamics
Torger Reve
Norway’s deepsea maritime
cluster has transformed into a
global maritime offshore
cluster
Sunnmøre: A global maritime-offshore knowledge hub
Maritime Møre: Design, construction and
operation of offshore vessels
Offshore West Coast: All maritime activities in
the exploration,
development and
operations of offshore oil
& gas
Bergen & Oslo:
Deep sea shipping
Kristiansand: Oil drilling cluster
Kongsberg: Electronics and subsea
equipment
Oslo: Maritime services
(Financial, legal and technological
Trondheim: Maritime R&D
The map shows the number of maritime jobs
in the Norwegian municipalities in 2008.
Centers of industrial gravity in the
Norwegian maritime industry
Torger Reve
What created the Norwegian Maritime Cluster?
• Maritime nation of seafarers since the Vikings
• Many risk taking ship owners and investors
• Many yards and ship equipment manufacturers with innovative technology
• Commercial strength in financial and maritime services
• Leading position in maritime R&D
Torger Reve
Strong growth in maritime value creation
-
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Value creation within the maritime industry from 2000 to 2009. Thousand millionNOK
Næringens samlede EBITDA (driftsresultat før avskrivninger og nedskrivninger
Næringens samlede lønnskostnader
140%
growth
Industry's overall
EBITDA
Industry's total labor
costs
Torger Reve
Maritime industry: A growing share of GDP
3.0 %
3.5 %
4.0 %
4.5 %
5.0 %
5.5 %
6.0 %
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Norwegian maritime industrial share of GDP. Source: Menon and SSB.no
From 3,7% to
5,6%
Torger Reve
Strong growth in revenues and profitability for
maritime equipment manufacturers
0.0 %
2.0 %
4.0 %
6.0 %
8.0 %
10.0 %
12.0 %
14.0 %
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Norwegian maritime equipment manufacturers total revenue and operating margin from 2000 to 2009. Thousand million NOK
Driftsmargin (driftsresultat i % av omsetning)
Omsetning i mrd NOK
Operating margin
Turnover
Torger Reve
2009 was best year ever for Norwegian yards
0.0 %
0.5 %
1.0 %
1.5 %
2.0 %
2.5 %
3.0 %
3.5 %
4.0 %
4.5 %
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Norwegian ship yard's total revenue and operating margin from 2000 to 2009. Thousand million NOK
Driftsmargin (driftsresultat i % av omsetning)
Omsetning i mrd NOK
Operating margin
Turnover
Torger Reve
Norway has lost share of world fleet
0.0 %
1.0 %
2.0 %
3.0 %
4.0 %
5.0 %
6.0 %
7.0 %
8.0 %
9.0 %
10.0 %
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 10
Development in shares of the world fleet (DWT) from 1995 to 2010. Source: ISL Bremen/NSA
Norway
Denmark
Germany
Torger Reve
Norwegian deepsea shipping has stagnated,
while Norwegian offshore shipping has more than
tripled
-50 %
0 %
50 %
100 %
150 %
200 %
250 %
300 %
350 %
400 %
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Percentage growth in Value added in two shipping groups from 2000 to 2009. Source: Menon
Deepsea shipping
Offshore support
0
%
320
%
Maritime offshore industry has grown
more strongly in all sectors
-100 %
0 %
100 %
200 %
300 %
400 %
500 %
Gorwht in value cretaion in % among 10 maritime groups in Norway from 2000 to2009. OFFSHORERALATED GROUPS IN ORANGE, THE REMINDER IN BLUE
Maritime
equipment
Offshore
Shipping
Yards Drilling and
production
Ports and
logistic
services
Commerce
Short sea
shipping
Financial and
legal services
Deepsea
shipping
Technology
services
-100 %
0 %
100 %
200 %
300 %
400 %
500 %
Torger Reve
The Norwegian Maritime Clusters 2012
• A Maritime-Offshore Global Knowledge Hub at Norwegian West Coast (70% of maritime industry value creation)
• A Maritime-Offshore Financial Cluster in Oslo
• A Shipping Cluster in Bergen
• A Norwegian-controlled Global Maritime Network
- ‘Singapore Little Norway’
- ‘Cyprus-London Big John Norway’
•
Torger Reve
Oslo Maritime-Offshore Financial Cluster
GIEK
Torger Reve
Global Maritime
Knowledge Hub Initiative
Oslo Maritime Network/Maritime Forum
Norwegian Shipowners Association
Torger Reve
Norwegian Maritime Knowledge Hub Initiative
• Initiative from Oslo Maritime Network and Norwegian Shipowner Association
• Maritime companies should fund 20+ Martime Professorships and Research Centres at Norwegian universities
• Norwegian universities should develop Centers of Excellence in Maritime Research (NTNU and Marintek)
• Norwegian universities should develop Centers of Excellence in Maritime Education (BI Norwegian Business School)
• Norwegian government should launch a large Maritime Research Program (Maritime 21)
• Norwegian maritime industry and Norwegian government should develop World Ocean Space Centre to gain leadership in Ocean Space Technology
No SPONSOR RECIPIENT SUBJECT
1 Kongsberg Maritime AS NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Marine cybernetics
2 Leif Höegh & Co AS NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Green shipping
3 Det Norske Veritas NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Maritime logistics
4 Det Norske Veritas NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Marine hydrodynamics
5 Det Norske Veritas NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Ice mechanics
6 Marintek NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Construction technology
7 Ministry of Trade and Industry NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Marine transport in the Arctic
8 Kr. Gerhard Jebsen Foundation
NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Production and quality engineering
9 Wilh. Wilhelmsen BI – Norwegian Business School Maritime competitiveness
10 Knutsen O.A.S. Shipping, Østensjø Rederi, Eidesvik Offshore, Solstad Offshore
Stord/Haugesund University College Quality assurance and risk management
Global Maritime Hub Professorships
No SPONSOR RECIPIENT SUBJECT
11 Olympic Shipping and STX Offshore Norway
Ålesund University College Green shipping
12 Ulstein Group AS Ålesund University College Ship design
13 NCE Maritime Ålesund University College Product and systems design
14 Farstad Shipping, Island Offshore, Havila Shipping and Det Norske Veritas
Ålesund University College Maritime operations management
15 Sparebanken Møre Ålesund University College International marketing
16 NODE University of Agder Mechatronics
17 Bergen Rederiforening Norwegian School of Economics
Maritime economics
18 Kongsberg Maritime Vestfold University College Maritime management
19 Tschudi Shipping and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Centre for High North Logistics, Kirkenes Business development and maritime transport logistics in the High North
20 Rolls-Royce Marine NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
University Technology Center (UTC)
21 Det Norske Veritas NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Building technology
Global Maritime Hub Professorships
Torger Reve
AMOS – Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations
and Systems, NTNU Norwegian University of
Technology and Natural Science, Trondheim
Torger Reve
Maritime 21: Norwegian Maritime
R&D program
Innovation and
maritime
business
development
Arctic transport
and operations
Efficient
energy
Demanding maritime
operations
LNG
Maritime
knowledge hub
and infrastructure
World Ocean Space Centre - Trondheim