odor control

Presented by

Stephen R. TempleSteen Research LLCSteenresearch.com

JBSPresentationSeptember 17, 2014

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Odor Control

Monitoring

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Mechanical Process

Process

Maintenance

Chemistry Common SenseOdor ControlOdor Control Program Incorporates

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Problems SourcesSolutions

Common SenseCommon Sense:

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Common SenseStink

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Cooking Fresh or Decaying Protein Generates Odiferous Gases ProblemCommon Sense

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Odor Sources Primary SourcesSecondary SourcesCommon Sense

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Primary SourcesInfall BayCooker and Hyrdolyzer (Fugitive Odors)Non-Con Screw PressCentrifuge

Odor SourcesCommon Sense

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Secondary SourcesCooker and Hydrolizer CondensateEvaporator CondensateW/W Bio ReactorsAeration Ponds and BasinsMilling Room


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Three Phases of OdorCommon Sense

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Nature of OdorGas-Phase VOCsAerosol Fats & OilsWater VaporSolid ParticulatesSmoke


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ContainmentOdor SourcesCommon Sense

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Milling Room Smoke

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Control and ContainmentSolutionsCommon Sense

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Control and ContainmentCommon SenseSolutions

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Stack EffectControl and ContainmentSolutions

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Control and ContainmentCommon SenseSolutionsW/W/FS

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Differential Pressure GaugeEngineering

36.pdf

IES, INC.

Blaine, MN

SPRAY HEADER-

PACKING

MIST ELIMINATOR

SCRUBBER

1/4 BLACK

TUBING

1/4 COMPRESSION

TEE

MAGNEHELIC

GAUGE

PACKING P GAUGE HOOK UP 100P-1

G.BUSS

4-4-13

HI

LO

NOTES:

1.TUBING RUNS MUST ALLOW FOR CONDENSATE

TO DRAIN OUT NO TRAP LOOPS

2.COMPRESSION TEE OPEN LEG MUST POINT

DOWN TO DRAIN

3.GAUGE IS OFF LINE UNTIL READING IS TAKING

4.TO TAKE READING SEAL TEE WITH FINGER AND

THUMB

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Engineering

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SCIENCELatin "scientia," meaning knowledge

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ScienceBK-BBQ

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GasesScience

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Nitrogen Compounds Sulfur CompoundsAldehydesVolatile Fatty Acids

EstersKetonesAlcoholsOxygen CompoundsChlorinated VOCsHydrocarbons

GasesScienceVOCs Detected in High Intensity Vapors

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ScienceAmmoniaTrimethyl AmineMethyl PyrazinePyrrole1-ethyl-1H-PyrroleEthyl PyrazinePyrazine2,6-dimethyl-Pyrazine1-methyl-1H-Pyrrole2-methyl-Pyridine2,5-dimethyl-1H-Pyrrole3-methyl-Butenenitrile3-methyl-PyridineGasesNitrogen CompoundsN,N-dimethyl-Benzamide5-isopropyl-4-phenyl-3-hydroxy-1,2,4-TriazoleIndoleOctanenitrile3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H pyrrole5-butyl-3-methyl-1,2,3-8A-tetrahydroindolizineAcetamideN,N-dibutyl-FormamideBenzonitrile2-Methyl-pyrrole

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GasesHydrogen SulfideDimethyl TrisulfideDimethyl DisulfideCarbonyl SulfideThiophenemethyl-ethyl-DisulfideThiiraneDimethyl SulfMethylthio EthaneCarbon disulfide2-methyl-Thiophene3-Phenyl -ThiopheneBenzothiazole3-(Methylthio)-1-propene2-methyl-ThiazoleSulfur CompoundsScience

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Gases3-methyl-Butanal2-methyl-Propanal2-methyl-ButanalAcetaldehydeAldehyde similar to 3-methyl-ButanalHexanalButanalBenzaldehydePentanalFurfuralHeptanal3-methylthio-ButyraldehydePropionaldehydeIsobutyraldehydeIsovaleraldehyde3-Methyl-pentanal2-methyl-2-Butenal2-DodecenalNonanal1-PiperidinecarboxaldehydeHeptanal3-methylthio-ButyraldehydePropionaldehydeIsobutyraldehydeIsovaleraldehyde3-Methyl-pentanalOctanal2-methyl-2-Butenal2-DodecenalNonanal1-PiperidinecarboxaldehydeOctanalAldehydesScience

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GasesAcetic acidPropanoic acidIsobutyric acidButyric acidIsovaleric acid2-Furancarboxylic acidValeric acid4-Methyl-pentanoic acidCaproic acid1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid2-Ethylhexanoic acidVolatile Fatty AcidsOctanoic acidNonanoic acid4-Carboxamidonicotinic acidDecanoic acidPentadecanoic acidThiosulfuric acidBenzoic acid(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acidHexanedioic acidHeptanoic acidScience

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GasesMethyl AcetatePropyl AcetateButyl AcetateEthyl ButanoatePropyl ButanoateButyl ButanoateMethyl Butanoate4-Hydroxydodecanoic acid lactoneEthyl 3-phenylpropionateEstersScience

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GasesAcetone2-Butanone1-(2-furanyl)-Ethanone2-HeptanoneMethyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK)2-Pyrrolidinone3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-2(5H)-FuranonePiperidinone1,6-Dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione1-Phenyl-ethanone1-(Methoxy-3-pyranzinyl)-1-ethanone2-Octanone3-Hexanone2-Nonanone2-DecanoneKetonesScience

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GasesMethanolEthanolFurfuryl Alcohol1-Butanol2-methyl-1-Propanol1-Propanol,-Dimethyl benzenemethanol1-Heptadecanol2,5,8,11,14-Pentaoxahexadecan-16-ol

MethylphloroglucinolHeptanol2-Ethyl-hexanol1-Hexanol2-Butoxy-Ethanol2-FuranmethanolBenzenemethanolBenzeneethanol1-OctanolAlcoholsScience

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GasesOxygen CompoundsFuran2-methyl-Furan2,5-dimethyl-FuranTetrahydrofuran2-Pentyl-Furan3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dioneScience

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Gases1,1-dichloro-2-Propanone1-chloro-2-ButanoneChloromethaneChloroform (THM1)Tetrachloroethene (PCE)Dibromochloromethane (THM3)Bromodichloromethane (THM2)Carbon tetrachloride1,2-Dimethyl-hydrazine dichlorideChlorinated VOCsScience

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Gases2-methyl-ButanePropyleneTolueneHeptaneBenzeneHexaneEthylbenzene2-Butene1-Methyl-2-isopropyl benzeneNaphthaleneTrans-(-)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene4-Vinyl-2-methoxy-phenolp-CresolMethylnapthaleneHydrocarbonsPhenol2-Methyl-decane2-methyl-1-PropeneLimonene(1-Methylethenyl)-benzene9-OctadecyneTrans-caryophyllene1,3,5,7-CyclooctatetraenePolynuclear AromaticsScience

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Water Solubility Compounds Affinity For Water

Volatility

Compounds Affinity For Air

Adsorption

Compounds Affinity For Solids

SciencePhysical PropertiesGases

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GasesScienceWater SolubilityTemperature SensitiveLow Temp = High SolubilityVolatilitypH SensitiveAlkaline pH Sulfur Compounds

Acidic pHNitrogen Compounds

Neutral pHOxygenated Compounds

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GasesScienceAdsorptionAerosolized Fats Oils Greases, Solid Particulates and Smoke Contain:

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GasespH Water SolubilityHydrogen Sulfide H2S vs Ammonia NH3H2SNH3Science

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Liquid AerosolsScience

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ScienceLiquid Aerosols

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ScienceSmoke

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ScienceSolid Particulate

Spray Venturis are not designed to remove Smoke and Micro particulate and Micro Aerosols

Micro Particulate are known carcinogens

PM 10 EPA PM 2.5*

ScienceSolid Particulate

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ScienceOdor VOCs Absorbed on Particulates

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ScienceElectro-Static Charged ParticulatesSolid Particulate

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Engineering

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EngineeringEngineering is the Application of Science to Solve a Real-World Problem

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New ProcessEngineering

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Engineering

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Spray Venturi Alkaline Scrubbing and Acid Scrubbing Typical SystemEngineering

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EngineeringScrubber ChemistriesMasking Agents

Enzymes

Scavengers

Oxidizers (Cl2, ClO2, O3, HO)

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Masking Agents, Enzymes and Scavengers

Engineering

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Masking AgentsAdds VOCs

Environmental Sensitivity

No Feedback Control Based on Loading

High Water Use

Bio-Fouling

Engineering

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Enzyme with Masking AgentPatent Text

http://www.google.com/patents/US20120219480Minimal Reduction of H2S and NH3 compared to straight water w/o pH modification

Enzymes - Slow Reaction Time

Masking Agent

VOC Generation

Foaming

Engineering

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Triazine Old Oil Field Technology

Nitrogen Loading to WWT

No Loading Feedback Control

High Water Use

Triazine Thiadiazine, Dithiazine

BioFouling

Engineering

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OxidizersEngineering

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OH the Hydroxyl Radical and the 2nd strongest oxidizer known to man.EngineeringRelative Oxidation Of Reactive Species Oxidizers

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Bleach and Chlorine Dioxide ClO2Weak Oxidizer

Volatile at low temperatures (Like Bleach which flashes at a low temperature, 100 Degrees F, Chlorine dioxide flashes at 110 Degrees F)

When free chlorine interacts with proteins environmentally detrimental compounds are such as haloamines, and trihalomethanes, THMs are produced. (THMs are toxic and known carcinogens)

Addition of salts to the water system

Has a negative effect on waste water

biological system

ClO2Engineering

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Bleach and Chlorine Dioxide ClO2

Microbial and Disinfection Byproduct Rules Simultaneous Compliance Guidance Manual (http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/mdbp/simult.pdf)

Volatile at low temperatures (Like Bleach which flashes at a low temperature, 100 Degrees F, Chlorine dioxide flashes at 110 Degrees F)

When free chlorine interacts with proteins environmentally detrimental compounds are such as haloamines, and trihalomethanes, THMs are produced. (THMs are toxic and known carcinogens)

Addition of salts to the water system

Has a negative effect on waste water

biological system

ClO2Engineering

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Purate 2 Part ClO2Low pH

Insoluble about 110 F

Acid Scrubbing only

Toxic blow down to bio ponds

Produces Carcinogenic Compounds THMs

Extreme Fire Hazard

Engineering3 Part ClO2Better pH range

Insoluble about 110 F

Toxic blow-down to bio ponds

Adds Lots of Salts

Produces Carcinogenic Compounds THMs

Extreme Fire Hazard

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EngineeringOzone O3Triatomic Oxygen

Low Solubility in WaterSolubility Decreases with Increasing Temperature

Solubility Decreases with Increasing pHIncreases VOCs in air scrubber

Gold Kist Ball Ground, GA Case study O3

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EngineeringOzone Solubility vs. Temp The chart above shows ozone solubility vs. temperature for different ozone concentrations. The water pressure is at atmospheric (0 PSIG).(35 Degrees C = 95 Degrees F)Engineering

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EngineeringOzone Solubility vs. pH

Engineering

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EngineeringEngineeringOZONE

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OZONEToxicity, CDC, OSA (Known Carcinogen)

Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells? http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2314Ozone https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_259300.html Health Effectshttp://www.epa.gov/glo/health.html

Destroys Packing And Plastics

Low Solubility

Low pH Soluble Only

Engineering

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Fenton Radox ReactionHydroxyl Radical the second strongest oxidizer know to man.Secondary Fenton chemistry reaction is the generation of peroxide free radical. Fe2+ + H2O2 Fe3+ + OH + OHFe3+ + H2O2 => Fe2+ + H+ + HOO0The peroxide molecule formed in this reaction (HO20) is a powerful peroxide free radical which can also oxidize organic compounds.Engineering

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Characteristic Radox ReactionHighly Reactive

Destroys All Odor Compounds, VOCs

Effective At Any pH

Very High Solubility in Scrubber Water

Not Toxic or Carcinogenic

Effective at All Temperatures

No BioFouling, Keeps The Scrubber Clean

No Fire Risk

Engineering

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Radox Full Scale Test Case Study 1: High Intensity Scrubber

Scrubber pulled from the cooker and presses.

Non-Methane Organic Carbon (NMOC) determined using US EPA Method 25A

Scrubber efficiency needed to be better then 80 percent removal.

Three continuous samples,each 45 minutes in duration. Engineering

RUN 1RUN 2RUN 3AverageInletFlow Rate, dsfm523519520521 acfm565559560561Total Non-Methane Hydrocarbon, ppm, as C11131103511261097 lb/hr, as CH41.4741.3381.4541.422

OutletFlow Rate, dsfm845845845845 acfm906905906906Total Non-Methane Hydrocarbon,

ppm, as C139.541.436.639.1 lb/hr, as CH40.08320.08720.07710.0825

DESTRUCTION EFFICIENCY, %94.493.594.794.2

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Radox USDA STUDYCase Study 2:Feather Dryer Air Scrubber

100 K SCFM Packed Bed Air Scrubber

USDA Compared ClO2 to RADOX-23 Fenton Treatment System

Gas chromatography ("GC") and mass spectrometry ("MS") was used to determine destruction efficiency

Results From USDA Study:

Samples from Radox-treated air streams had (1) 42 % higher concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2); (2) 69 % lower concentrations of the highly aldehyde compounds, and (3) 52 % lower total VOC when compared to untreated, or ClO2-treated samples.

The RADOX treatment reduced the total perceived odor intensity by 74 while the ClO2 treatment did not significantly alter the odor intensity.

"The RADOX catalyst was shown to be significantly more effective than chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for reducing the concentration of malodorous VOC and total VOC emitted from poultry rendering.

The concentration of highly malodorous aldehyde compounds, which were responsible for a majority of the poultry rendering odor, were not changed by the ClO2 treatment.Additionally, there was a 5-fold higher concentration of indole in the ClO2 samples when compared to RADOX-treated samples.

Engineering

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Sulfuric acid tankAcid Pump

Precursor B ToteMake-Down SystemSoap PumpTo Each Scrubber

pH probeApplication of Radox-23 Fenton SystemRed Control ValveTo Scrubber Pump suctionPre B pumpRed Control Valve

SC-211DrumEngineering

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Radox-23 Fenton System Applied Multiple Scrubbers

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Radox-23 Fenton System Applied Multiple ScrubbersEngineering

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MonitoringEngineering

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EngineeringDetection Tubes GasTec/Drager/RaeMulti Gas Meter

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Question and AnswersYes I believe theres a question there in the back.

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*Spray Venturis are not designed to remove Smoke and Micro particulate and Micro Aerosols

Micro Particulate are known carcinogens

PM 10 EPA PM 2.5*

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