odor & corrosion - cip update
TRANSCRIPT
ODOR & CORROSION -CIP UPDATE
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SPECIALISTS, LLC
JULY 13, 2020
Sewer Authority Mid-Coastside
Odor and Corrosion Control – Usually Defined by Both
Multiple Causes/Contributors:
Long “Detention Time”
Settlement of Solids
Slime Layer
Turbulence
Somewhat the Natural Characteristic of Wastewater
High Nutrient Content (BOD)
Low Oxygen Content (DO) (Sulfate)
High Water Temperature
Anaerobic Processes in the Treatment Facility (Digesters)
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Wastewater Odor Compounds
Mercaptans Amines Sulfur Dioxide
Hydrogen Sulfide
(H2S)
Ammonia Skatole Organic Sulfides Diamines
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ODOROUS COMPOUNDS•SULFIDES, ORGANICS (REDUCED) AND AMINES:
• H2S gas is most predominate in collection systems
• Exists in equilibrium with liquid phase HS- and S=
(sulfides)
• Amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with the amine being
C-C-NH2.
• Reduced organics are mercaptans, disulfides, (C-C-C-HS, C-S-C)
• All are very odorous.
Sulfur Cycle
Biological Activity Diagram
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Mid-Coastside Montara Forcemain Section
Winzler and Kelly EngineeringReport of 2009
Deposit Corrosion on bottom of pipe
“The microscopic penetration and the scale layers in the photomicrographs indicate that a corrosion mechanism other than erosion corrosion or impingement was operating. The most likely cause is deposit attack, with the possibility of a contribution from microbiologically induced corrosion” (M&M/W&K 2009)
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Treatment Alternatives
Liquid Phase
Precipators
Oxidants
pH Shifters
Nitrates
Atmospheric Phase (Odor Control Only)
Adsorption
BioFilters
Wet Air Scrubbing
Iron Salts
Ferrous Salts
Ferrous Chloride - FeCl2
Very Corrosive, Aggressive, Hazardous
Rarely Used
Ferrous Sulfate - FeSO4 (Odophos)
Mildly Corrosive
0.5 - 0.7 lb Fe per gallon
Green to Brownish Green Liquid
“Pickle Liquor” or Co-Product of Titanium Oxide Pigment Production
Iron Salts
Ferric Salts
Ferric Chloride - FeCl3
Very Corrosive, Aggressive, Hazardous
Rarely Used
Ferric Sulfate - Fe2(SO4)3
Moderately Corrosive - Higher Acid Content Than Ferrous Sulfate
1.0 lb Fe per gallon
Brown Liquid
Iron Salts - Summary
Quick Reaction - Good for Short Detention Times
Specific to Sulfide - Economical to 0.5 mg/l
Moderately Safe
Produces Solids
Can Cause Scaling/Plugging of Lines
Cost To Treat Solids
Iron Salts Permanently Tie Up Sulfides Into a Solid Form
Oxidizers
Typical Municipal Applications
Peroxide
Potassium Permanganate
Chlorine Gas
Sodium Hypochlorite – Bleach
Mostly Industrial Use but Sometimes Used in Municipal
Chlorine Dioxide
Chlorite
Ozone
Oxidizers
Hydrogen Peroxide
Colorless, Aqueous Solution - 50%
Requires SS Piping, Pressure Relief, and Other Precautionary Devices for Storage and Feed
Potassium Permanganate
Typically Solid
Purple Crystals
Storage and Feed Equipment Includes Dry Material Feeders
Difficult/Messy to Handle
Oxidizers
Chlorine Gas
Colorless, Gas
Requires Pressure Relief, and Other Precautionary Devices for Storage and Feed
Requires Emergency Scrubbing Device
Requires Mixing System
Sodium Hypochlorite
Liquid - 12.5% Solution
Requires Double Containment
Precautionary Devices for Storage and Feed
Oxidizers - Summary
Quick Reaction
Not Specific to Sulfide
Will React With Other Odor Compounds
Will React With Non-Odor Compounds
Cannot Maintain Downstream Residual
Great for Short Detention Times or Point-Source Only
Economic in Short Detention Times
Hazardous
Difficult to Handle
Oxidizers Remove Sulfides From Solution
pH Shifters
➢ CAUSTIC SODA - SODIUM HYDROXIDE
➢ MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE
➢ LIME - CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
pH Shifters - The Science
pH Shifters - Caustic Soda
Total H2S Control Requires the pH to be over 9.0
Relatively Inexpensive
Handling
Very Aggressive and Hazardous
Requires Double Containment
Precautionary Devices for Storage and Feed
Treatment Plant Concerns
Accidental Overdose can Severely Upset Treatment Plant
pH Shifters
Magnesium Hydroxide
Does Not Totally Control Hydrogen Sulfide
Reasonable Control to pH as low as 8.3
Relatively Expensive
Handling
Relatively Safe
Difficult to store and deliver
Special Mixing and Feed Equipment
pH Shifters - Summary
Contains the Hydrogen Sulfide in the Liquid
Moves the Hydrogen Sulfide Downstream
Releases Downstream where it joins other flow
Releases at the Headworks
If All Flow is Treated It Oxidizes in Secondary
pH Shift Cost is the Same Regardless of the Level of Hydrogen Sulfide
Economic in Very High Sulfide Cases
pH Shift Does Not Treat Hydrogen Sulfide - It Holds it in Solution as
Long as the pH is High
Alternative Oxygen Supply
Air Injection (Very Short-term effect)
Liquid Oxygen (Expensive and
Hazardous)
Nitrates
Nitrates
Typically Calcium Nitrate or Sodium Nitrate
Both Clear to Brownish-Clear Solution
Calcium Nitrate (Bioxide) = 3.5 lb. NO3-O per gal.
Sodium Nitrate = 2.0 lb. NO3-O per gal.
VERY SAFE - Not CERCLA Listed
Prevents and Removes Sulfide and Other Odors
Sulfide Prevention via Nitrate
Sulfide Removal via Nitrate
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Nitrate Summary
Requires Moderate to Long Detention Time
Natural Process
Wide Range of Compounds Treated
Residual Maintained Downstream
Can Be Used for Removal and Prevention with One
Application Point
VERY SAFE
Nitrate Remove Sulfides From Solution
Sewer Authority Mid-Coastside
Liquid Phase Treatment - Summary
Precipitants - Permanently Tie Up Sulfides
Can be Economic in Less Demanding Applications
Solids Generation is a concern
Safety is a Concern
Oxidizers - Permanently Remove Sulfides
Can be Economic in Short Detention Times
Safety is a Concern
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Liquid Phase Treatment - Summary pH Shift - Holds Sulfides in Solution
Can be Economic in Very High Sulfide Concentration Applications
Downstream Effect is a Concern
Safety is a Concern for Caustic
Treatment Plant Impacts are a Concern
Nitrate - Permanently Remove Sulfides
Economic in Most Applications
Not for Short Detention Times - Feed Location is Very Important
Safety is a Strong Positive
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Sewer Authority Mid-Coastside
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Questions and Discussion
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Credits
Odor Control Presentation - Lamb Technical Services, Inc. | Brown & Caldwell | 2002
Odor and Corrosion Control Presentation - AH Water (Vince Marano)
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THANK YOU