Odd one out –

Look at the following images.

Take a line – which is the odd one out

and why?

Lesson 2 – Crude Oil and Distillation

Fractional Distillation (C1.4)

Objectives To state what crude oil is (E)To describe why crude oil must be

refined (C)To describe the process of

Fractional Distillation (C)

Connect

Crude Oil is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds.

THINK-PAIR-SHARE

How might we separate this mixture?

Video

Connect the Learning

Solve the Jigsaw Stick to A3 Sheet Draw as many facts as possible and write around.

Draw up as many ideas as possible.

Peer Assess.You don’t have the same jigsawas your partner.

What’s the topic?Just ListenNow Listen and make notes

Learning Outcomes

WHAT

?WHY

?HOW

?

IdentifyDescribeExplainApplyLink

Progress Check

I can predict the properties of named fractions of crude oil, by using information about their carbon length.

I can explain the properties of crude oil, including boiling point, viscosity, flammability, colour and volatility.

I describe the process of fractional distillation.

I can identify that fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil mixture into fractions.

A/A*

B

C

D

Fractional Distillation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26AN1LfbUPc

Now watch the teacher demo of distillation and add to your jigsaw sheet from the Connect.

Heated Crude

Oil

350o

C

40o

C

Liquid petroleum gas

Naphtha

Petrol (gasoline)

Paraffin

Diesel

Fuel oil

Lubricating oil

Bitumen

Fraction Boiling pt.

< 25oC

25 – 60oC

60 – 180oC

180 – 220oC

220 – 250oC

250 – 300oC

300 – 350oC

> 350oC

Average number of C atoms in chain

3

8

10

12

20

40

80

120

The Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

Demonstrate your Learning

Create a flow chart to describe the process of fractional distillation.

You may ask for a help sheet, however you need to present your case first.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Properties of the Fractions

Q1. Flammability – What’s the Trend?Q2. Volatility – What’s the Trend?

Q2. Viscosity, What’s the Trend?Q3. Colour, What’s the Trend?

Search for Meaning

Complete the summary sheet on crude oil.

ENSURE you clearly explain using key words the properties of the fractions.

You have TEN MINUTES.

Complete the Review and Reflect

Exit Ticket

Review & Reflect

INFO SHEETSINFO SHEETS

Boiling point of fractionsEach fraction of crude oil contains a mixture of different compounds. This means that the boiling point of the fraction is not a fixed temperature but a range.

< 0

20-200

20-180

180-260

260-340

370-600

>330

N/A

LPG

gasoline

naphtha

kerosene

lubricating oil

diesel

fuel oil

residue

Fraction Boiling point (°C)

Volatility and flammabilityFractions that have a low boiling point evaporate easily. The easier a fraction evaporates, the more volatile it is.

When fractions burn, they react with oxygen in the air.

Generally, the smaller the molecules in a fraction, the more volatile and flammable the fraction.

Fractions that ignite and burn easily are flammable.

The more volatile a fraction is, the easier it mixes with air. This means the fraction ignites and burns easily.

What is viscosity?Some fractions of crude oil are thin and runny. Other fractions are thick and sticky. The runniness of a liquid is called viscosity.

For example, the residue from fractional distillation has a very high viscosity (it is viscous) and cannot be easily poured. Gasoline has a low viscosity and pours easily.

What is the relationship between the length of a hydrocarbon chain and the viscosity of a fraction?

The longer the hydrocarbon chains in a fraction, the more viscous the fraction will be.

Molecule size and viscosityWhy are fractions with large hydrocarbon molecules more viscous than fractions with small hydrocarbon molecules?

The longer chains of large hydrocarbon molecules are easily entangled.

Smaller molecules have shorter chains and are less likely to become entangled.

Colour of fractionsThe colour of a fraction depends on the size of the molecules it contains.

As the molecules get smaller, the colour of the fraction becomes lighter, from dark brown to light brown, orange/yellow and transparent.

decrease in size of molecules