october 22, 2014 eq: eq: what interactions occur within communities? interactions occur through food...

October 22, 2014EQ: EQ: What interactions occur within communities?

Interactions occur through food chains and food webs. They also occur in different types of relationships between organisms

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New area of focus: Biogeochemical Cycles.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Biogeochemical Cycles.Bio – LifeGeo – EarthChemical – Changes in atoms /

moleculesCycles – Repeated event, full turn.


• What’s so special about the water in this photograph?


• Compare the importance of water commonly existing in all three states of matter.


Water commonly exists in all three states of matter


Water commonly exists in all three states of matter

Water exists commonly in its solid state


Water exists commonly in its solid state

This next part helps

when we study

the water cycle

New Area of Focus: The Water Cycle AKA – The Hydrologic Cycle

Driven by the sun and gravity.



Driven by the Sun

• What do we already know? Explain yourselves with this template.


Driven by the Sun

• What do we already know? Explain yourselves with this template.


The hydrologic cycle (Water Cycle): The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the earth.


• Link! Water Cycle Flash Animation Tour– http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flash_

watercycle.html

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flash_watercycle.html

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flash_watercycle.html

New Biogeochemical Cycle: The Carbon Cycle.


Carbon Cycle: The circulation of carbon into organisms (biotic) and back again (abiotic).Atmosphere, Land, Water, Oceans.


• Where are the carbon reservoirs on our planet?– Which ones do human activities impact?




Reservoirs: A large supply of something.

• The energy flow of life occurs because of plants. Plants harness the energy from the sun, and pass it on to all other life forms.


• If a product is made of the following, it is made from plants, or old decomposed plants (oil).– Any wood.– Any fiber / other than metals.– Plastics (most are oil based).– Chemicals (most are from plants and oils).– All food.


• Which of the following equations is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

• A) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2

• B) 6CO2 + 6H2O + sugar = C6H12O6 + 6O2• C) 6CO2 + 6O2 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H2O• D) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2

• E) 6CO2 + H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2

• F) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H2O6 + 6O2• G) 6CO2 + 6H2O + sugar = C6H12O6 + 6O2

• H) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O3 + 6O2

• I) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6CO2• J) C6H12O6 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy + 6O2


• Answer! Which of the following equations is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

• A) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2

• B) 6CO2 + 6H2O + sugar = C6H12O6 + 6O2• C) 6CO2 + 6O2 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H2O• D) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2

• E) 6CO2 + H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2

• F) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H2O6 + 6O2• G) 6CO2 + 6H2O + sugar = C6H12O6 + 6O2

• H) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O3 + 6O2

• I) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6CO2• J) C6H12O6 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy + 6O2


Photosynthesis: Plants make sugar from sunlight. Light energy is turned into chemical

energy (sugars are carbon based).


• Plants can get their energy from the sun by just sitting there, we have to go search for it, hunt, etc. Why didn’t we evolve to be green and get our energy from the sun.– Why aren’t we green?


• Answer! Because photosynthesis only produces a small amount of energy.


• Answer! Because photosynthesis only produces a small amount of energy. – We need lots of sugar to run, jump, and live our

very busy and active lives.


Plants are less active.

• Respiration – The plant burns the sugar to make energy.

ChloroplastsMitochondria

Burns the sugarsusing oxygen and

releases CO2and water

• Remember: Producers create the sugars, then consumers use these sugars.


• Remember: Producers create the sugars, then consumers use these sugars. – Plants harness the energy from the sun so we

can live. “I love your sugars that you produce from

photosynthesis.”


• Video! Photosynthesis –This video will show the actual process of photosynthesis on a molecular level.– We may get just a bit but lets see the real deal.– http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=BK_cjd6Evcw&feature=related


The carbon dioxide oxygen balance.The plant uses carbon dioxide and

produces oxygen


Photosynthesis Respiration

• You can now complete many parts to your coloring and labeling page.– Write relevant information next to the

drawings. Lightly color the objects only and not the white space.

BiologyOctober 22, 2014

Copy and answer the following EQ into your science notebook.

EQ: How is nitrogen cycled through the Earth?

The movement of nitrogen between the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere in different forms is called the nitrogen

cycle.

New Biogeochemical Cycle: The Nitrogen Cycle.


• What will be studying a whole lot of in the next few days?


• Yes, We will be studying concepts that have a lot to do with waste.


Nitrogen Cycle: The circulation of nitrogen.


plant

decay ( fungi and bacteria)

ammonification nitrification

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria



plant


ammonification



plant




plant


ammonification nitrification

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

• Everyone take a deep breath in and then breathe out.– 78% of what you just breathed in was Nitrogen

N2 gas– 78% of what you exhaled was… Nitrogen N2

gas.


• Nitrogen in the atmosphere is N2 gas which is doesn’t bond well with other molecules.– Nitrogen forms triple bonds with itself.


Lightning can convert

• When nitrogen is “fixed”, it’s bonds are split with the other nitrogen. Now it has three arms to make new friends,


• When nitrogen is “fixed”, it’s bonds are split with the other nitrogen. Now it has three arms to make new friends like oxygen (NO2)

BacteriaCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Rain and precipitation bring the atmospheric Nitrogen to the ground.


And nitrogen mixes with rain



Bacteria fix nitrogen into NH3, NO2-, NO3-

• All life requires nitrogen-compounds, e.g., proteins and nucleic acids.

• Air, which is 79% nitrogen gas (N2), is the major reservoir of nitrogen.

• But most organisms cannot use nitrogen in this form.

• Plants must secure their nitrogen in "fixed" form, i.e., incorporated in compounds such as: – nitrate ions (NO3−) – ammonia (NH3) – urea (NH2)2CO

• Animals secure their nitrogen (and all other) compounds from plants (or animals that have fed on plants).


Animals get their nitrogen from eating plants. Or…

• Eventually, plants and animals die.• Ammonia (NH3) / Decay / Waste




Animals get nitrogen by eating plants

• Denitrifying bacteria can also change the NH3 Nitrate back to N2 Nitrogen gas





Decomposers break down nitrogen Nitrites NO2 and Nitrates NO3





Decomposers break down nitrogen Nitrites NO2 and Nitrates NO3

Denitrifying bacteria release Nitrogen into air. (N2)

• Which is the bogus statement?

• Four processes participate in the cycling of nitrogen through the biosphere.A.) Nitrogen fixation: Break apart N2 so it can join

to other atoms and be used.B.) Decay: Passes on through eating / waste.C.) Plants with the help of bacteria take up

nitrogen.D.) Denitrification: Nitrogen is removed from air.


• Four processes participate in the cycling of nitrogen through the biosphere.A.) Nitrogen fixation: Break apart N2 so it can join

to other atoms and be used.B.) Decay: Passes on through eating / waste.C.) Plants with the help of bacteria take up

nitrogen.D.) Denitrification: Nitrogen is returned to the air.


New Biogeochemical Cycle: The Phosphorus Cycle.


Phosphorus cycle: The biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and ecosphere.


• Activity! Drawing the Phosphorus Cycle.– One full page needed.


october 22, 2014 eq: eq: what interactions occur within communities? interactions occur through food...

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