october 18, 2011
DESCRIPTION
October 18, 2011. Objective: Determine the porosity of soils and water flow with three different sized particles. Agenda: Ground water notes Lab: Porosity of soils and water flow . HYDROLOGIC CYCLE. condensation. precipitation. transpiration. evaporation. runoff. infiltration. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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October 18, 2011
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Objective :Determine the
porosity of soils and water flow with three different sized particles.
Agenda:Ground water notesLab: Porosity of soils
and water flow
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runoff
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
infiltration
aquifer Groundwater flow
transpiration
evaporation
precipitation
condensation
Water tableStream, spring, lake, or ocean
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GROUND WATER
Groundwater is always moving --but very slowly
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PERMEABILITY – ABILITY OF WATER TO FLOW (IMPERMEABLE – NO WATER CAN FLOW THROUGH)
POROSITY – PORE SPACES BETWEEN SEDIMENTS
CAPILLARITY – THE ABILITY OF WATER TO MOVE UPWARD IN SOIL
3 FACTORS AFFECT INFILTRATION
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1.Permeability – larger size = BETTER small – impermeable (cannot flow through)
2.Porosity – size has NO EFFECTa. Shape – round = bestb. Packing – loosely packed or less
densec. Sorting – well sorted
3.Capillarity – smaller size sediment = BETTER
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GRAVEL Rapid
drainage
FINE SANDModerate drainage
CLAYSlow
drainage
PERMEABILITY
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Clay is impermeable – water will not flow through easily
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SMALLER SIZED PARTICLES INCREASE CAPILLARITY
CAPILLARITY – WATER MOVES UPWARD
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INFILTRATION
Infiltration refers to water soaking into the ground:
Infiltration rate
Slope
Infiltration rate
Permeability
Infiltration rate
Porosity
Infiltration rate
Soil Storage Saturation
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GROUND WATER - Aquifer
1. WATER INFILTRATES 2. STOPS AT IMPERMEABLE
LAYER3. RISES FROM BOTTOM UP –
(LIKE FILLING A BATH TUB) THIS IS CALLED GROUNDWATER AKA – SATURATED ZONE AKA - AQUIFER
4. TOP OF SATURATED ZONE IS THE WATER TABLE
5. UNSATURATED ZONE – AIR AND WATER
6. CAPILLARY FRINGE – WATER RISES TO FEED ROOTS
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WATER TABLE RISES WITH RAINFALLFALLS WITH DROUGHT