ocean space and human activity multilevel governance of ocean space, a challenge for the informed...
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Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Multilevel Governance of Multilevel Governance of Ocean Space, Ocean Space, a challenge for the a challenge for the informed society of tomorrowinformed society of tomorrow
Jan H. StelJan H. StelInternational Centre for Integrative StudiesInternational Centre for Integrative StudiesUniversity of MaastrichtUniversity of MaastrichtThe NetherlandsThe [email protected]@icis.unimaas.nl
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Europe’s EEZEurope’s EEZ
ParadoxParadox
Largest shared EEZLargest shared EEZ
Maritime policyMaritime policy
GOOS - EuroGOOSGOOS - EuroGOOS
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Arctic EEZArctic EEZ
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
The Arctic EEZ The Arctic EEZ and theand the mediamedia
““This isn't the This isn't the 1515th century century ……
… … 'We're claiming 'We're claiming this territory',"this territory',"
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
European Integrated Maritime European Integrated Maritime Policy ….. Policy ….. Work in progressWork in progress
GMESGMES
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
o USA 12.2 my km2 9.83 my km2
o France 10.1 my km2 0.26 my km2
o Australia 8.5 my km2 7.74 my km2
o Russia 7.5 my km2 17.10 my km2
o New Zealand 6.7 my km2 0.26 my km2
o Indonesia 6.2 my km2 1.90 my km2
o Canada 5.6 my km2 9.98 my km2
o United Kingdom 5.5 my km2 0.24 my km2
o Japan 4.5 my km2 0.38 my km2
o Chile 3.6 my km2 0.76 my km2
‘Top Ten’ of the Ocean States
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Ocean Space governance - Ocean Space governance - UNCLOS UNCLOS EEZ enclosure EEZ enclosure transition towards transition towards
SustainabilitySustainability
Common Heritage of Mankind notion Common Heritage of Mankind notion ?? ??
Basic ScienceBasic Science
Planetary boundaries, tipping points, complex Planetary boundaries, tipping points, complex societal problems, etc.,societal problems, etc.,
and transition towardsand transition towards
Operational OceanographyOperational Oceanography
Scientists emphasize that the rapid expansion Scientists emphasize that the rapid expansion of human activities since the industrial of human activities since the industrial revolution has now generated a global revolution has now generated a global geophysical force equivalent to some of the geophysical force equivalent to some of the great forces of nature.great forces of nature.
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Complex societal problemsComplex societal problems
““To address the complexity of To address the complexity of management regimes, it is essential management regimes, it is essential to develop a methodology and to develop a methodology and collect the information required for collect the information required for the systematic valuation of ocean the systematic valuation of ocean assets and services”assets and services”
IWCO, 1998, p 115IWCO, 1998, p 115
new approaches for governancenew approaches for governance
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Sustainable developmentSustainable development
““Sustainable development is development Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without that meets the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future”comprising the ability of future”
WCED, 1987WCED, 1987
Characteristics of SDCharacteristics of SD• Long term processLong term process• Multi-level: micro and macro levelMulti-level: micro and macro level• Multi-domain: social-cultural, economic, Multi-domain: social-cultural, economic,
ecologicalecological• Context specificContext specific
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Integrated AssessmentIntegrated Assessment
Philosophy: Mode 2 science or post normal science
Uncertainty & normativity • trans- and interdiscipinarity• participative approaches• explorative instead of predictive• broader engagement
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Complex societal issuesComplex societal issues social-cultural social-cultural
domaindomain
ecologicalecological economiceconomic domaindomain domaindomain
Integrated AssessmentIntegrated Assessment
integrationintegration
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Transition conceptsTransition conceptswhen and how do transitions occur?when and how do transitions occur?
Predevelopment
Stabilization
time
Societal development
Acceleration
Take-off
Macro-level Macro-level
(landscape, (landscape, trends)trends)
Meso-level (regimes,
institutions)
Micro-level (Niches, individuals)
From: Rotmans et al, 2000 From: Geels and Kemp, 2001
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Transition processTransition process
Social capital-
Ecological capital Economic capital
economytransportenergy
ecology
institutionswater
culture
technology
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Transitions in action
2050
tijd
take-off
acceleration
stabilisation
1980 2001 2006 2010
Sustainable society?
health care
energywaste
waterconstruction
mobility finance
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Transition process
Strategic(culture, worldviews, norms and values)
Tactical(institutions, networks, structures)
Operational(practices, innovations,niches)
Reflexive monitoring, evaluation
and adaptation
Developing sustainability
images, coalitions and
joint transition-agendas
Problem structuring, envisioning and
organizing transition-arenas
Creating space for niches, mobilizing actors and developing transition-
experiments
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Transitions in action
Monitoring,
evaluating and
adapting
Developing sustainability images, coalitions and joint transition-agendas
Problem structuring, envisioning and
organizing transition-arenas
Mobilizing actors and transition-
experiments
TM 1.0Creating space and
convergenceArenas,
experimentsDiscourse and
culture
Monitoring,
evaluating and
adapting
Developing sustainability images, coalitions and joint transition-agendas
Problem structuring, envisioning and
organizing transition-arenas
Mobilizing actors and transition-
experiments
TM 2.0Focus on
breakthroughsInstitutions for
transitionUpscaling and
structural change
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
UNCLOS III and UNCED 1992• Two decades of progress• Two billion more people
SOWe have to speed up!• Education & Outreach• Use IYO, IPY lessons learned • New communication technology
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Ocean Space – Human ActivityOcean Space – Human Activity
Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
““A great human revolution in just a single individual A great human revolution in just a single individual
will enable a change in the destiny of all humankind” will enable a change in the destiny of all humankind” Daisaku Ikeda, Japanese philosopher Daisaku Ikeda, Japanese philosopher
Ocean Space and Human ActivityOcean Space and Human Activity
Cultural perspectivesCultural perspectives
hierarchist
individualist
egalitarian
nature robustpeople self-seeking anthropocentrism adaptation growth risk-seeking
naturenature fragile people good & malleable ecocentrism prevention equity &equalityrisk-aversive
nature tolerant within limits people sinful partnership control stability risk-accepting