occupational exposure to metalworking fluids
DESCRIPTION
Occupational Exposure to Metalworking Fluids. Presented at the Occupational Hygiene Association of Ontario Spring Symposium March 28, 2007 By Lorraine Shaw, B.Sc., CIH, ROH Occupational and Environmental Health Laboratory, McMaster University. Outline. Overview - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Occupational Exposure to Metalworking Occupational Exposure to Metalworking FluidsFluidsPresented at the Occupational Presented at the Occupational Hygiene Association of Ontario Hygiene Association of Ontario
Spring SymposiumSpring Symposium
March 28, 2007 March 28, 2007
By Lorraine Shaw, B.Sc., CIH, ROHBy Lorraine Shaw, B.Sc., CIH, ROH
Occupational and Environmental Occupational and Environmental Health Laboratory, Health Laboratory,
McMaster UniversityMcMaster University
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OutlineOutlineOverviewOverview
Types of MWF, Health Effects, Standards, Types of MWF, Health Effects, Standards, Exposure AssessmentExposure Assessment
Objectives of the StudyObjectives of the StudyMethodology Methodology
Selection of Plants, Laboratory Investigation, Selection of Plants, Laboratory Investigation, Field Investigation, QC and StatisticsField Investigation, QC and Statistics
ResultsResults Laboratory and Field ResultsLaboratory and Field Results
ConclusionsConclusions
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Overview Overview (I)(I)
Types of MWFs:Types of MWFs:Oil-based:Oil-based:
– Insoluble (neat)Insoluble (neat)– Soluble (30% - 85% oil)Soluble (30% - 85% oil)
Water-based:Water-based:– Semi-synthetic (5%-30% Semi-synthetic (5%-30%
oil)oil)– Synthetic (no oil)Synthetic (no oil)
Health Effects:Health Effects:CancerCancerHypersensitivity Hypersensitivity
Pneumonitis (HP)Pneumonitis (HP) Respiratory EffectsRespiratory EffectsDermatitisDermatitis
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Overview Overview (II)(II)Regulations and Exposure Standards:Regulations and Exposure Standards:
Ontario Ministry of Labour:Ontario Ministry of Labour:
Oil, mineral, mist 5 mg/mOil, mineral, mist 5 mg/m3 3 TWAEV, 10 mg/m TWAEV, 10 mg/m3 3 STEV STEV
ACGIH TLV-TWA (Mineral Oil) in 2006 notice of intended ACGIH TLV-TWA (Mineral Oil) in 2006 notice of intended changes :changes :Mineral Oil Used in metal workingMineral Oil Used in metal workingPoorly and mildly refined 0.2 mg/mPoorly and mildly refined 0.2 mg/m33 (Inhalable) (Inhalable) A2A2Highly and severely refined 0.2 mg/mHighly and severely refined 0.2 mg/m33 (Inhalable) (Inhalable) A4A4
Proposed NIOSH REL for all types of MWF (1998):Proposed NIOSH REL for all types of MWF (1998): 0.5 mg/m0.5 mg/m33(Total) (Total)
0.4mg/m0.4mg/m33 (Thoracic) (Thoracic)
Exposure Assessment: Exposure Assessment: – Sampling Devices: Sampling Devices:
ie. Total, Thoracic (BGI), IOM, Direct Reading Instrument ie. Total, Thoracic (BGI), IOM, Direct Reading Instrument (DustTrak)(DustTrak)
– Particle size selective samplingParticle size selective sampling
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The Three Size FractionsThe Three Size Fractions
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ObjectivesObjectivesAssess and Validate Analytical MethodsAssess and Validate Analytical MethodsAssess Air Sampling MethodsAssess Air Sampling MethodsCollect Current Representative Occupational Collect Current Representative Occupational
Exposure DataExposure DataAssess Exposure ExceedanceAssess Exposure ExceedanceCompare Ontario Exposure with Published DataCompare Ontario Exposure with Published Data
(Mainly Water-Based MWF’s)(Mainly Water-Based MWF’s)
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MethodologyMethodology
Selection of 4 Plants in OntarioLaboratory InvestigationField InvestigationQuality Control and Statistical Analysis
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Laboratory InvestigationLaboratory InvestigationNIOSH Method (0500) – Total AerosolNIOSH 5524 – Extractable MWFsHSE Method (MDHS 95) – Marker Element
Sample RecoveryDetection LimitsSample Stability During Storage
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Field InvestigationField InvestigationCollection of Air Samples
– Personal– Area
Size Selective Samples– Total– Thoracic (MMAD = 10 µm)– Respirable (MMAD = 4 µm)– Inhalable (MMAD = 100 µm)– Direct Reading Instrument (DustTrak)
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Air Sampling DevicesAir Sampling Devices
Total Sampler IOM Inhalable Sampler
BGI 2.69 Cyclone Thoracic Sampler
Respicon Size-Selective Particle Sampler
DustTrak Aerosol Monitor Direct Reading Instrument
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Occupational ExposureOccupational Exposure
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Examples of Machining Fluids Examples of Machining Fluids
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Examples of Examples of FinishedFinished Products Products
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QC and StatsQC and Stats
QUALITY CONTROLQUALITY CONTROL– Laboratory– Field
STATISTICAL ANALYSISSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS– Excel and Minitab 13
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Results: Laboratory InvestigationResults: Laboratory InvestigationSample RecoverySample Recovery
– Our Study 83.5%– NIOSH Study 95 %
Detection LimitDetection Limit – Our Study 35µg– NIOSH Study 28 µg
Storage Study Storage Study (Sample Stability)(Sample Stability)– Room Temp – NOT Stable– Refrigerator – 2 days– Freezer – 7 days
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Results:Airborne Concentrations Results:Airborne Concentrations (mg/m(mg/m33))
• % Exceedance is based on log normal distribution
ze = -log(GM/STD) / log(GSD)
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Relationship of Total vs ThoracicRelationship of Total vs Thoracic
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Conclusions Conclusions (I)(I)HSE method proved problematicBoth NIOSH method 0500 or 5524 can be usedpreferred method is the 5524Detection limits, sample recovery etc. were
similar to NIOSH studySamples should NOT be stored at Room TempSamples should be analyzed within 2 or 7 days
depending on storage temperature
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Ratio of Thoracic to Total aerosol is about 0.7Range of exposures in Ontario (0.04 to 3.84
mg/m3) is similar to others (NIOSH & OSHA)Percent exceedance based on data set and
assumption of log normality is 38% with respect to NIOSH REL
Respiratory effects reported at levels below 0.5 mg/m3
Total Protection requires AIR, DERMAL and FLUID management
Conclusions Conclusions (II)(II)
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Thank youThank you
This research study was This research study was funded by a grant from funded by a grant from
the WSIBthe WSIB
Thank youThank you
This research study was This research study was funded by a grant from funded by a grant from
the WSIBthe WSIB