obstetrics cattle
TRANSCRIPT
Calving and Obstetrics
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Parameters Heifer
1st calving 2 years (24m)= (24m)= 600 kgParturition Induction (Flexible) Drugs: PG, Dexamethasone When: Heifers: 275 d (Herd Avg) +1-5 +1 Cows: 277 d (Herd Avg) + 10-12 10Induction rate: up to 10% Stillborn rate: Heifers- 7%, CowsHeifersCows5% Twins: Heifers 1%, Cows 7%
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Preparatory Stage1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
Filling of udder. -udder swollen. -skin stretched tight over udder and teats. Loosening of pelvic ligaments. Swelling and edema of vulva. Vulvar discharge, (thick and clear). Isolation; separates from the herd.
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Normal Parturition 1. 2. 3.
Continuous process 3 stages: Cervical dilatation Fetal expulsion Fetal membrane (placenta) expulsion Dystocia= Any stage slow or abnormal4
Closed cervix
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Stage 1: Cervical dilatation Uterine muscle contractions (every 15 min) Fetus enters birth canal Few signs: vaginal discharge, colic, restlessness, up and down. Length: 2-6 hours. Longer in heifers.6
Uterine Contractions Increase
in strength and frequency.
Cause pain and restlessness in cow. Result in softening and dilatation of cervix. As nose and feet of fetus enter cervix, it is pushed into cervix causing further dilatation.
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Dilatory Stage: 2-12 hoursWhat Are the Influencing Factors? Age of cow. Relative size of the fetus. Position of the fetus.
Environmental factors.8
End of Dilatory Stage
Start to see abdominal pushing.
Allantoic sac passes through the cervix, (sometimes visible at the vulva). (contains large amount of urine from the fetus).
Sac ruptures; water pours out. Temporary cessation in contractions. Passage to Expulsion Stage. >>>>> Stage9
Stage 2: Fetal expulsion Abdominal
press (every 1-3 min) Chorioallantoic (Water) sac ruptures (Water Amniotic sac and legs appear in vulva Normal length 2-4 hours Heifers: longer Progressive process Stage 3 placenta expulsion in 8-12 hrs
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During
birth process, the calf is stretching and moving into the correct position.
Dead
fetuses have a higher risk of problems.
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The Amnionic Sac
Appears at the vulva with head/feet visible inside.
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Uterine and abdominal contractions intensify.After
nose and hooves appear, the head is birthed.14
Once
the head is birthed the rest of the body is passed relatively quickly. umbilical cord tears when the calf calfs hips pass the cows pelvic cow canal.
The
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Causes of Difficult CalvingDamSmall size Hypocalcaemia Undilated cervix Insufficient strength of contractions Flaws in pelvis, cervix, vagina, or vulva Uterine torsion
Calf (fetus) Normal calf Oversize, (80%) Twins PresentationPosition, (very rare) Posture Abnormal calf Monster Dead calf16
Gui
li
f rI t r
ti
Interrupted or slow progress= pathology.
1st stage > 6 hours and not pushing. nd2
stage > 2-3 hours without progress.
Sac or legs at vulva for 2 hours.
Fetus can only live 10-12 hours in 2nd 10stage!
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Guides for Intervention (Continued)
When the cow has Milk Fever or anyother disease which requires treatment.
When something other than either the headand two forelegs or the two rear legs are visible outside the vulva.
If more than six hours, (maximum), haveelapsed from when the water bag breaks.
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Calving Pens
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Examination and Intervention Clean
vulva, (soap, disinfectant). Use proper hygiene: Clean hands. Lubrication: Oil base or water base? Tail to side, (tied to cow). Vital signs: Live or dead? Feet withdrawal, mouth and tongue Eye, anal sphincter, heartbeat, naval pulse.20
Terminology Presentation:
Anterior/ Posterior Position: Dorsal/ Ventral Posture - malposture Difficult
calving (1-5 Score) (1 Assisted / Vet assisted
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Anterior presentationTwo front legs and head.
PosteriorpresentationTwo rear legs and tail.
(90%) 90%)
(10%) 10%)
Normal position and posture.22
Limb identification
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Can the Calf Exit Vaginally?Cow Standing; Anterior Presentation. (With one person pulling the calf) a. The calfs head easily enters the pelvic calf canal with room for one hand between the head and the pelvic roof. b. The calfs shoulders can come to 10 cm calf in front of the pelvic entrance. Cow Recumbant; Anterior Presentation. a. The calfs shoulders can come to 5cm in calf front of the pelvic entrance.
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Comparison of fetal size and birth canal
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Recumbent; 5cm Pelvic Canal
Standing; 10 cm
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Posterior Presentation If
the fetlock, (meta-tarsus), can be (metapulled a hands breadth beyond the hand vulva with two helpers pulling, the calf can be delivered vaginally.
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Oversized Fetus Alternate
traction to the forelimbs Head-snare for axial traction Head-
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Oversized FetusAlternate traction to the hindlimbs
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Hip Lock The
calf calfs hips can get stuck in the pelvic canal. This can cause damage of the Obturator nerve and paralysis. some cases the calf can be rotated 90 degrees to gain more room.
In
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Standing or Recumbant? From
the perspective of the cow and calf, it is preferable to perform the calving with the cow in the recumbent position. position.The uterus is in a better position in relation to the entrance of the pelvic canal. The calf is pushed deeper into the pelvic canal.36
Standing or Recumbent?Recumbent position contd: The
cow doesnt move. doesn
The cow doesnt fall. doesn The cows pushing is more effective. cow The iliosacral joint can movemuch easier creating in effect a larger pelvic canal.37
Movement of the Iliosacral Joint and its Importance in Calving
Lumbar Vertebrae Tail Vertebrae
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Attaching Ropes or Chains
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We have measured, laid the cow down, cleaned, lubricated, attached ropes. What now? Anterior Presentation Step One: Pull in direction of the udder, (to avoid vaginal tears), until the shoulders pass and the head is out. Step Two: Rotate the calf 90 degrees, (back toward the ground), if there is hiphip-lock. Switch the ropes and pull straight ahead. -Pull only during the cows contractions. cow44
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Posterior Presentation
Delivery takes longer. Increase in mortality rate. a. The fetus cant align itself as well. can b. The cervix doesnt dilate as effectively. doesn -Rear legs dont work as well. don -Weaker contractions. -Decreased oxytocin secretion. c. Greater likelihood of umbilical cord rupturing before the calf can breathe. Important to move quickly!
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How Hard Should You Pull? Calf Puller?
If the measurements are correct and the cow is recumbent, you dont need more don strength than two strong adults.
The
puller has the ability to pull with the strength of seven people.
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Calf Puller: Advantages vs. Disadvantages
Disadvantages You cant feel the power that is being can exerted. It is harder to rotate the calf. You are limited in pulling direction.
Advantages You dont need to wake your neighbor. don You have control over the situation. +You shouldnt use the puller as a diagnostic shouldn tool.51
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Calving That Requires ReRepositioning of the Calf The
head, neck, and/or legs are not in a normal position in relation to the body.
Should be performed with cow standing, if possible. has Milk Fever, treat first with If the cow calcium. You can push the calf inside in order to create more room to work. Once the re-positioning is complete, assist the recow according to all the rules already covered.
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Dystocia due to hypocalcaemia Calf in posterior presentation
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Difficult Postures
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Carpal Position
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Shoulder Position
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Hock Flexion
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Hock Position
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Lateral Deviation of the Head
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Lateral Deviation of the Head
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Breech Position
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Fetal Mutation in Breech Presentation
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Vertex Posture
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Twins
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Twins
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Tocolytics
Isoxuprine 1% 10-20 ml IV, IM
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Epidural anesthesia
2% Procaine 2% Lignocain
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Placental Separation
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MonsterMonster- Schistosoma reflexus
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Fetotomy
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Hydrops HydrallantoisNormal Uterus
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Uterine torsion
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A cow with 360 degrees torsion127
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Thank you for your attention!
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