observaciones sobre el cultivo de la vid en galicia (1843)

8/23/2019 Observaciones Sobre El Cultivo de La Vid en Galicia (1843)

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^CDTM

MA N]ARHYC BM AG YHB ME FGAHNHG!

Ngtmbrthnc h5m *^tcohng h 5, liyhs]xux t tg t t t rg a !

^GJiRHGt 7:2>%

HOPTMERG BM HG Y7]DG JfLC^ BM NCOPGA%


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3/30

HERTCB]NNHE!

puetc ouh hopcrtgetm pg rg ag gfrhnua turg smga ag

^cnhmbgb mnceohng bm ^gethgfc nugebc sm prcpusc prm

ohgr ga qum prmsmetgsm ag omlcr om oc rh g! scdrm ags vme

tglgs pmrluhnhcs qum pumbme smfuhrsm Fgahnhg bm ag ogycr

omecr mstmeshce bma nuathvc bm ag Yhb%

Nrm qum scdrm ueg ogtm rhg bm tgetc het mrs pgrg

ag Prcvhenhg ec bmlgrge bm msnrhdhr gafueg ncsg acs qum

sm cnupge me ma nuathvc bm tge tha pa ge tg ; pmrc she bubg ag

nrhshs qum jmocs ncrrhbc! ag gfhtgnhe h bmsgscshmfc qum

sce maag nceshfuhmetms h bm qum pgrthnhpge jgstg acs ogs

hebhimrmetms! jgstg acs qum omecs sm nuhbge bm ngodhcs

pc athncs! aagogrce tgetc ag gtmenhe bm tcbcs! qum eh efuec

tuvc ag ngaog prmnhsg pgrg cnupgrsm bm mstm gsuetc % Rg o

dhe hfugams ngusgs om jge hopm bhbc bgr mstgs cdsmrvgnhcems ag mstmeshce qum bmdhmrge tm em r! h qum bmsthegdg

pgrg smrvhr bm ncopamome tc ag omocrhg me qum sm trg

tgsm bma nuathvc bm ag vhb ! ogs guequm honcopamtgs h

ghs agbgs! om bmnhbc puda hngrags pc r qum sm om ihfurg

qum ncethmeme gafuecs jmnjcs eumvcs! gafuecs bgtcs qum

tga vmz pumbge smr thams ag gfrhnuaturg bm oh prcvhe

nhg! h pcbre smrvhr bm dgsm pgrg ue trgdglc ogs agtc %

Mnsgohegr acs tmrrmecs cnupgbcs pcr ag vhb me Fgah

nhg; bmsnrhdhr sus vgrhmbgbms ogs nc ouems ; ncopgrgr ma

otcbc bm nuathvc bm ags bhimrmetms ncogrngs me qum icr

og ma vhec ma prhenhpga ehnc rgoc bm rhqumzg; mnsgoh

egr ag nga hbgb! h gegahzgr ag ncopcshnhe bm acs v he cs ;


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h bmbunh r bm tcbc mstc gafuegs ocbhihngnhcems qum ncevme

brg gbcptgr pgrg omlcrgrags h prcpcrnhcegr ogs uthahbgbms

acs ncsmnjmrcs! jm gqu ma cdlmtc bm mstm pmqumc trgdglc%

Pgrg bmsmopmgrac jm rmncrrhbc! metrm vgrhcs! acs prhe

nhpgms puetcs bcebm nce ogycr msomrc sm nuathvg ag vhb

me Fgah nhg; pcr o ohs oc j m nclhbc h gegahzgbc ag thm rrg

qum ag ga ho me tg ! jm ncopgrgbc acs vhecs bm bhvmrscs pg

sms! h jm bmsnrhtc acs vhbumcs tmehmebc ags nmpgs ag

vhstg! nugebc mstc om jg shbc pcshdam! h mnsgohegbc acsrgocs h rgn hocs! qum gafue hetmahfmetm om rmoht g%

vgrhcs prcphmtgrhcs jm prm fue tgb c bm pgag drg h pcr msnrhtc

gnmrng bma nuathvc bm mstg dmeihng pagetg! h pcr ags ec

thnhgs qum o m jge suohehstrgbc ams trhdutc msprmshvgs frg

nhgs% Clga qum ac pcnc qum jm rmue hbc me mstm msnrhtc

iumsm prcvmnjcsc oh pg hs ! h aamegsm me pgrt m ma ihagetrphnc

cdlmtc qum sm prcpusc ag ^cnhmbgb bm ^gethgfc%


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NGPHR]AC a%

Rmrrmecs me fum sm mtttaho ag vhh me tJgthnhg!stt geahshs h mslpcshnhce%

2DG]E nugebc ag vhb sm gn co cbm! smfe ma smethr bm acsgfr ecocs ! tcbg mspmnhm bm tm rr mecs! ec nrmc qum bmdg

bmsnuhbgrsm su mnsgome! nugebc sm quhmrme jgnmr ncopgrgnhcem s! sm trgtg bm gprmnhgr nce mnsgnthtub tcbc ac qum

pumbm heiauhr me ag ngahbgb h nget hbgb bma irutc% Eumstrcsgdhc B% ^hoce bm Tclgs Na mome tm ! b hnm ! me su mesgycscdrm ags vgrhmbgbms bm ag vhb qum vmfmtge me Gebgaun g! qum ags vhgs pagetgbgs me thmr rg ncecnhbg nce ma ecodrmbm Gadgrhzg%! rhebme ag ohtgb ogs qum ags qum ac msteme acs Dgrrcs nuyg ncopcshnhe ms bhimrmetm% Bma tmrrmech bm ag gtocsimrg thmem qum rmnhdhr ag vhb nugetc emnmsht g

pgrg su bm sg rrca ac! h bm ags sustgenhgs sgahegs qum me t c bgs sus pgrtms sm menum etr ge! h nce dgstgetm gduebgenhg!scac ma sumac pum bm prcvmmrag


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Geahshs bm 7%000 pgrtms bm dumegthmr rg bm vhgs bm acs pghsms bm

Gogebh% Amocs% Ngodulcs Thvnrc% ]aag%

Gfug ahhfrco%> : 4 0 90 4 4 2 2

Grmegs frumsgs h ih

drg vmlmaga% % % % * s (970 =94 *> (>=0 926 474760 476 *&0 >60 7>9 C >=9

Mstrgntcvmlmt%JsgamsU

4

( N( 7972

2 0 48 29Pmrxhbc bm jhmrrc% % 4 0 72 72 4> =0Ngrdcegtc bm nga% % % 76 8 6 6 77

24 4 > =2 49 =7:4 77 9 6 2 8 4 4 7 0

89 = 86 = 898 8 : 4 8 :0

Egbg bm pgrt hnuagr prms metge acs rmsua tg bcs bm mstcsgeahshs! tge scac sm ectg qum ag ngethbgb bm sgams sca uda ms!scdrm tcbc jhbrcnacrgtc bm pctgsg! ms ounjc ogycr me

acs tmrrm ecs bma Thvmrc h Gogebh qum me acs bmos!h gngsc mstg bhimrmenhg ec bmlgr bm heiauhr me ma prcbuntc bm ags vhgs%

^h sm pgrmnme dgstgetm tcbcs mstcs tmr rmecs me suncopcs hnhe! ec sunmbm ac ohsoc me su mspcs hnhce! me ma nahog qum bhsi rutge! ma nuga thmem ueg heiaumenhgouh ncecnhbg scdrm ag ngahbgb bma vhec % Pg rg qum agudg sm sgzcem dhme! h ma ocstc qum bm maag sm msprhog tmefg ag ngethbgb bm gzngr emnmsgr hg! pgrg qum me a

sm mstgdamzng ueg dumeg imrometgnhe! bm ag qum rmsuatm ue vhec gancjahnc h ium rtm ! ms prmnhsc qum bur getmag vmfmtgnhe bm ag vh b! h scdrm tcbc me ma thmopc qumsu irutc ogburg! jgyg ueg tmopmrgturg mamvgbg! supmrhcr

*a(Grmeg shanmg h inabspgthng nce jclumags bm ohng% *4( Ag sga msueg pmqumshog pgrtm bm jhbrcn acrgtc gangahec% *>( Grmeg shanmg%*2( Grnehtg nce jcltgs bm ohng% *=( Ngsh tcbgs ags phmbrmnhtgsmabspgthngs% **3( Ag ngethbgb bm jhbrcnacrgtc bm pctgsg dgstgptm%


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4 0% ac qum ec sm vmrhihng me Fgahnhg me tcbcs acstm rrmec s bmsthegbcs ga nuathvc bm gqumaag pagetg% H mstc bmdm gtrhduhrsm ag ectgdam bhimrmenhg qum sm gbvhmr tmme tr m acs vhecs bma ]aag ! Ogrhegs h ^g he ms ! h acs bmXgabmcrrgs! Gogebh! Thvmrc h ctrcs% Mstcs athocs smncsmnjge bm vhgs pagetgbgs me vgaams gdrhfgbcs pcr gatgsoc et g gs ! me agbmrgs mspums tgs acs rgycs bma s ca !bcebm sm ncen met rge! h ngahmetge ma tmrrm ec burge tm mabhg! she qum ags drhsgs bm ag ecnjm pumbge rcdgr mangarhnc bm q u m ! pcr bmnhrac gs ! sm jg mopgpgbc ag

thm rrg % Pc r ac nuga ag udg sm sgzceg ogs pr ce tc! suslufcs sm pm rimnnhcege ! h pumbm gethnhpgrsm ag vmebhohg!she gfugrbgr qum ags ecnjms agrfgs! irgs! h jombgs bma Cntudrm vmefge rmtgrbgr ma ocometc bm agncsmnjg% Nug etc heiauym ag mspcshnhce me ag ngahbgb bmavhec sm ncecnm ncopgrgebc ma qum sm rmncfm bm uegohs og ncogrng bm tmr rmecs ncacngbcs me bhimrmetmmspcshnhce% Ag s vhgs bm Gogeb h sm jgaage me ag rhdmrgbmrmnjg bma ^ha qum ohrg jgnhg ma ^ubmstm! h ma vhec

qum prcbunme ms supmr hcr ga qum bge ags bm ag r hdm rgcpum stg ! gpmsgr bm smr ma tm rrmec h ags vg rhmbgbms bmag vhb ags oh so gs < gqumaag rmnhdm ag heiaumenhg bm acsrgycs scagrms ngsh tcbc ma bhg! ohmetrgs qum scdrm agctrg ngme tge scac pcr ag tg rbm h cdah nugom etm% Pcrmstg rgze gncesmlgrce yg acs gethfucs qum ec sm pagetgsme vhgs me acs shthcs mspumstcs ga Pceh metm * 7 ( ! pcrqum mstcs ec rmnhdme burgetm tcbc ma bhg ma dmeihncheiaulc bm acs rgycs scagrms%

^he bubg sm pumbm gtrhduhr mstcs ohsocs ag supm rhcr hbgb qum me fmemrga thmeme acs vhecs bm ags r hdmrgs bm acs rhcs bm Fgahnhg rmspmntc ga bm acs vgaams%Ags bma Ohc ! ^ha h gue bma Gvhg mste ouy hen ahegbgs ga jcr hzce tm ! h tge tc qum me gafuecs puetcs ms

prmnhsc pcemr ngbg nmpg ueg pgrmb qum ncetmefg agthmr rg qum emnmshtg pg rg vmfmt gr ! h qum she mstg p r m /

*7( Emv thdh gb scamo vmrfget vhmtg ngbmetmo% Yhrfhahc%


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:

ngunhe! ouh prcetc smrhg gr rgstrgbg pcr ags gfugs q u m

bgebc ga bmsnudhmrtc ags rghnms bm ag page tg% Bm ogemrgqum mstgs gaturgs! pcr metrm ags qum ncrrme acs rhcs!

prmsm etge gafueg bhstgenhg ue gspmntc pg rthnu agr ! pgrmnme heomesgs msngahegtgs pgrg sudhr ag nhog ncrcegbgoun jgs vmnms bm ircebcscs ngstgcs% Pu ms me mstcs shthcsngbg nmpg sm jgaag ghsagbg! ehefueg jcrg bma bhg amjgnm scodrg su vmn heg ! h acs rgnhocs dhme scamgbcs hghrmgbcs pumbme sgzcegrsm pmrimntgometm% Me acs vgaams omlcr me ags aageurgs sce ouh pcngs ags nmpgs qum

mste dggbgs burgetm tcbc ma bhg pcr ma sca ! scdr m tcbcsh ga pag etg rags! ec sm jg t mehbc ma nuhbgbc bm pce mrags jhamrgs me ag bhrmnnhe bm Crhme tm Pc eh me tm! h bmncacngr ags bm ag smfuebg ihag irmetm acs nag rcs qu mbmlge me trm sh acs bm ag pr ho mr g! h gs sunmshvgometm%Mstg prnt hng ec sm cdsmrvg me Fgahnhg h smrg ouhgnmrtgbc ec bmsnuhbgrag%

NGPHR]AC 4!

Xgrhmgtams thm Og Yhtt qttm ncoueometmsm mttaahvgtt me Fgahnhg%

J c scac ma tmrrmec h su shtugnhe heiauyme scdrm agngahbgb h ngethbgb bm vhec qum prcbunme ags vhgs! heiau

yme tgodhe pcbmrcsgometm ags vgrhmbgbms ngstgs bmvhb! qum sm nuathvge; h su hopcrtgetm mstubhc ec jg ahg/ogbc! ncoc bmdhmrg! ag gtmenhe bm acs Dct eh ncs ! ogscnupgbcs fmemrgaometm me dusngr eumvgs h rgrgs mspmnhmsncg qum merhqumnmr acs euomrcscs ngtacfcs bm pagetgs! heocrtgahzgr su ecodrm! qum me cdsmrvgr ags qum scecdlmtc bm nu athvc! h icroge ag dgsm p rhenhpga bm nhmrtcsrgocs bm gfrhnuaturg%% Ma sgdhc B% ^hoce bm Tclgs Nm/


9/30

8

om et m jg bmsnrhtc nce mxgnthtub y ogmstrg nhmetc bhmz

h eumvm ngstgs bm ags qum sm nuathvge me Gebgaung < ma^r % Dcutmacu jg mstubhgbc tgodhe gafuegs bm ags bm Cng/g ; pmrc egbhm jgstg gjcrg sm jg cnupgbc bm ags bm Fgahnhg% Ec prm tmebc me mstg omocrhg bmsnrhdhr tcbgs ags qumgqu sm ncecnme pums me mstm trgdglc sm emnmsh tgrg cnu

pgr gafuecs gcs! rmncrrmr nce bmtmenhe tcbcs acs puetcs bcebm sm nuathvge ags vhbms! h cdsmrvgr ags me tcbgsags pcngs bm su vmfmtgnhe< ogs yg qum pcr gjcrg ecom smg pcshdam jgnmr mstm dmemihnhc ag gfr hnu atu rg! pr cnurgr omenhcegr acs prhenhpgams vhbumcs qum! pcr sugduebgenhg! pcr ag ngahbgb bm ag uvg h vhec qum prcbunme! sce ectgdams me acs shthcs bcebm sm rmncfm ogycr pcrnhe bm v he c! h bmsnrhdhr! shfuhmebc ags rmfags pr msnrhtgs pcr Tclgs Namo me tm ! ags qum pcr oh ohsoc jgygcdsmrvgbc%

^mfe jm bhnjc me ma getm rhc r ngphtuac ec tcbcs acstmrrmecs bm Fgahnhg bmst hegbcs ag vhb fczge bm hfuganahog! pcr nuyg rgze me tcbcs tgopcnc pumbme pr cs pmrgr ags ohsogs ngstgs! h gue sm nrmm pcr acs nuathvgbc

rms qum trgspcrtebcags bm ue puet c ctrc bmfmemrge ncedgstgetm ignhahbgb% Cphe hce ms mstg cpumstg ag bm Tc lgsNamometm! quhme nce ounjcs bgtcs h rgzcems Ncodgth agohsog bcnarheg scstmehbg pcr Busshmux me ma Bhnnhcegrhcbm Tczhmr% Ec ms bma ngsc metrgr me mstg numsthe; pmrcs gbvmrthr nce tcbcs acs dumecs g frecocs qum ga pagetgr ueg vhg me shthcs irmsncs h gafc jombcs ! ncoc agsOgrhegs ! ag ]aag mtn% ec bmdme gigegrsm acs agdrgbcrms metrgmr bma Thvmrc Ygabmcrrgs sgrohmetcs bm ags dumegs

ngstgs bm gqumaacs pghsms me ag pmrsugshce bm acfrg r ncemaags vhecs ncopgrgdams acs qum gaa sm prcbunme; shecqum bmdme mahfhr ags yg mspmromegbgs me shthcs bm hfugatmopmrgturg ogs irhcs! ags qum ogbu rme ogs t mo

prgec! pgrg pcbmr rmncfmrags sgzcegbgs ge tms bm ags j m ag bgs ! h ags qum iacrmznge og s tg rb m! pgrg qum ags aauvhgs irhgs bm ag p rhogvmrg ec hophbge qum nuglm mairutc%

4


10/30

7 0

Ga jgnmr ags bmsnrhpnhcems bm acs vhbumcs qum sm nuathvge me Fgahnhg usgr ma ohs oc amefugfm qum mopamTclgs Namometm me su gprmnhgdam mesgyc scdrm ags vgrhmbgbms bm ag vh b! h pgrg ignhahtgr su hetmahfmenhg pcefcme ueg ectg ag mspahngnhce bm ags vcnms omecs usugams%

]vgs Ogengs%

Ncoprgc% ^grohmetcs pgrbc/ csnurcs ; ngutcs ombhg ecs;eubcs rmfu agr ms; zgrnhaacs cpumstcs ags jclgs ! gjcrquh aagbcs ! qum sm ogrnjhtge% Jclgs ombhg egs! vmrb ms! acdgbgs!nce nhenc fglcs ncrtcs! bhmetms cdtuscs! smecs pcnc mesgenjg bcs ! gafue vmaac ngmbhzc me ma jg z! dcr rg dageng gbjm/rmetm me ma mo d s; ngdhaac vmaacsc gafc rcfhzc% Tgnhocsombhgecs! nehncs gafc gprmtgbcs< pmzcenhtcs ncrtcs! frumscs! nce dmrrufgs h rcbmtm pgrbcs% ]vgs omb hge gs! rmbcebgs! vmrbcs gs/gog rhaac! rcfhzgs ags mspumstgs ga sc a! ng recsgs! nce msthamtm h gehaac rmbcebc< sgdcr buanm%

^m nuathvg me ag rhdm rg bm Gogebh h sm bmstheg pgrgma vhec tcstgbc%

Ymrbmaac< me ma Thvmrc Pgrpga% ^grohmetcs ncoc me magetmr hcr< jclgs rmf uag rms ! gafc pmacsgs pcr ma mod s! ahsgsh agophgs pcr ma jgz! vmrbm/gogrhaametgs! pgaomgbgs! ncenhenc fglcs gfubc s< smecs agtmrgams ouh mesgenjgbcs! mabm ag dgsm pc nc < bcs crbmem s bm bhmetms gafc gfubcs m sm odrg bu rg ! h s pcr ng/

dgburgs! qum ms ag pgrtm qum ue jcodrm pumbm ngdgr meue bh g! ac qum vgrg heihehtc% Gs me uecs pghs ms! ncocma vgaam bm Am ocs h ma Th vm rc ! ngsh ms hfuga ag n gdg bu/rg ga imrrgbc bm smodrg burg ; me vgrhcs puetcs bm ags rh

dmr gs bma ^ha h me ags Ogrhegs ue imrrgbc th mem bcs ngazgburgs; me Ocetmr rmh ag ngdgburg thmem 2#9 bma imrrgbc%Ec omecs vgrg ag ngethbgb bm vhec qum sm nganuag nc

oc prcbuntc bm ueg ngdgburg! pums ag mstmeshce bm mstg! agngahbgb bma tmr rme c! ma ogycr om ecr msomrc me ma nuathvc!k vgr hmbgb ngstg bm nmpg nua thvgbg! h ma ocbc ncoc mstbhspumstg heiauyme pcbm rcsgometm me ag prcbunh ce% ^gdhbcms qum ags nmpgs bhspumstgs me mopgrr gbc bge ogs pcrnhe !bm irutc qum ags rgs gs < pmrc ec sm cavhbm euen g! qum mehfugabgb bm nhrnuestgenhgs ag ngethbgb mst me rgze hevmrsgbm ag ngahbgb%


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4 0

NGPR]AC 2%

LMnsgteme nco pgrgthvg thm vgrhcs vhecsthm Fgahnhg%

/FKUBMOG^ bm acs vhecs dagenc h thetc qum sm prm pgrge pcr

ma otcbc ncoe! sm ncecnm ctrg mspmnhm bm vhec aagogbctcstgbc! qum sm magdcrg me acs pghsms bcebm ag uvg ogburg pmrimn tgometm! su prmpgrgn he sm rmbunm ncafgr tmebmr scdrm pglg me ue aufgr smnc h gh rm gbc! ag uvg dhmesgzcegbg h athocs bm Bhn hmodrm prhen hphcs bm Me mr cmsprhoh rag h pcemr imrometgr ma oc st c< ag imrometgnhems ouh ametg! h tgrbg nugtrc og s omsms me tmroh egrsm!sm rmnclm n coue omet m ag > % g pgr tm bma ocstc qum bgrg aguvg ga thmopc bm ag vmebhohg% Mvgpcrebcsm pgrtm bm ag

juo mbg b bma irutc burge tm su mspcshnhce ga ghrm! sgam maocstc ounjc ogs rhnc me gzngr! h ma vhec qum bm a r m suatg ms buanm! ahncrcsc h iumrtm%

Pgrg ma vhec tcstgbc bmdme msncfmrsm dumegs uvgs! bu anms! ngrecsgs! bur gs! qum ec sm pub rge inhaometm% M e maThvmrc bmsthege mstm ihe ags vgrhmbgbms aagogbgs vmrbmaac!trmhlgburg h gadgrhc< me Gogebh ma ncoprgc%

^hmebc tge vgrhcs ncoc bmlc hebhngbcs me ma ngp % a % ag mspcshnhce h ma nahog bm acs tm rrmecs bmsthegbcs meFgahnhg ga nuathvc bm ag vhb! h tmehmebc t getc heiaulc me

ag sgze bm ag uvg h pmrimntg magdcrgnhe bm sus lufcs!ec ms mstrgc sm gbvhmrtge bhimrmenhgs nceshbmrgdams m etrm acs vhecs qum bm maacs prcnmbme% Jgh ueg bhstgenhgectgd am met rm acs sgdrcscs h iumrtms vhecs bm YgabmcrrgsGo gebh ! h Thvmrc! h acs nhbcs h iaclcs bma ]aag! ^ghems hOgrhegs% Ags uvgs bm gqumaacs pghsms sm sgzcege pmrimntgometm! thmeme ue sgdcr buanm mopgagfcsc! pcr su gduebgenhg bm gzngr ; h ags bm mstcs pcngs vmnms aamfge ueg


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4 7

pmrimntg ogburmz! h lgogs igsthbhge pcr su sgdcr bmogshgbc gzungrgbc% X ncoc ma gzngr ms ag sustgenhg qum gabmsncopcemrsm me ag imrometgnhe prcbunm ma gancjca! negetcogs gzungrgbc ms ue ocs tc! tgetc ogs msphrhtucsc rmsua tgma vhec% Bmdm ec cdstgetm gbvmrthrsm qum ma irutc bm gafuecs vhbumcs gue nugebc rhnc me gzngr sumam tmemr uesgdcr spmrc pcnc frg tc! h sm ncesmrvg me ma v hec! guenugebc smg rhnc me gancjca! pmrc nce ma trgsnursc bmathm opc phm rbm ma sgdcr bmsgfrgbgdam! h ms bm ounjc gfug etm %

Rgo dh e jgh ctrgs vgrhmbgbms qum prcbunme uvgs bm uesgdcr ouh fr gt c! h ec shrvme pgrg jgnmr dume vh ec ; pcr qumec ms ma gzngr ag ngusg bm su dume fustc! h sh ue prhenhphcqum gafuecs aagoge ouncsc/gzungrgbc! hoprcphc pgrg ag imrometgnhe< ma vmrbgbmrc gzngr sm bmsmevumavm pcr ag ogburmz bm ag uvg! getms bm mstm puetc ags omlcrms ngstgsthmeme ue sgdcr gfrhc! hefrgtc ga pgagbgr; ac qum ec sunmbmnce ma prhenhphc ouncsc/gzungrgbc! qum yg mnshstm getmsbm ag pmrimntg og bu rm z! h pcr msc ags uvgs me qum gduebg

pumbme ncomrsm ombhc sgzcegr< me ms tm ngsc sm jgaag

ma ngregz ngnjhc% Mstg cdsmrvgnhe ag jgnme vgrhcs gfr c/ec oc s; h Tczhmr me su Bhnnhcegrhc bh nm ! sh e modgrfc ms prmnhsc ec nceiuebhr ma fustc buanm nce ma prhenhphc gzu/ng rg bc% Gs bhgrhgometm ncomocs uvgs bm ue sgdcr ouhg fr gbgd am ! qum sce she modgrfc pcnc prcpshtc pgrgy5 prcbunhr dumecs vhecs%

Ncoc ag dcebgb bm acs vhecs ms prcpcrnhcega ag ngethbgb bm gancjca me maacs nce tme hbg! h ag ngethbgb bm trtgrctgetc ogycr nugetc ogs iaclcs gqumaacs! jm trgtgbc bm ge g

ahzgr vgrhcs bm acs bm Fgahnhg% Pgr g ncecnmr ag nget hbgb bmgancjca om jm vgahbc bm ue pmqumc gpgrg tc bmsthagtcrhcjmnjc prcpshtc! pcr nuyc ombhc pcbg rmnclmr she prbhbgtcbc ma gncjca qum sm vcagthahzg ga jmrvhr ma vhec; h nce magancjcomtrc bm Fgy/Aussgn gprmnhgdg mnsgntgometm ag prcpcrnhe bm gancjca gdscautc rmnc lhbc % Me ag tgdag ncopgrgthvgqum gdglc rmprmsm etc sm ogrng ag ngethbgb bm gancjca gdscautcncetme hbg me nhme pgrtms bm vhec% Bhmz pgrt ms bm gancjcagdscautc ncrrmspcebme 4 7 7#4% bm gfugrb hmetm bm bhmz h


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4 4

cnjc frgbcs bma grmomtrc! pmsg ahncr%Pgrg gvmrhfugr ag ngethbgb bm trtgrc mvgpcrgdg jgstg ag

smqumbgb eeg ahdrg b m v h e c ! nganhegdg ma rm shb uc! bhscavgma prcbuntc bm ag nganhegnhe me gfug nga hme tm ! h pcrombhc bma gangaomtrc bm Bmsnrchzhaams rmncecng ag ngethbgb bm pctgsg b hsumat g! h bm maag bmbung pcr ma nganuac ag bma trtgrc pur c% Gbmo gs bm ag pctgs g! n ce tm eg t godhe ma rmshbuc bm ag nganhegnhe! qum ec smbhscavg me gfug nga hmetm ! nga h gauoheg; me ogycr p rc

pcrnhe me acs vhecs iaclcs qum me acs iumrtms%

Yhecs bm ag ncsmnjg bm 7:24%

Yhec bm Gogebh thetc

Hb% bm Yhagnj bm ^gav%g

thetc%

Hb% bm Ygabmcrrgs thetc%

Hb% bma Thvmrc da% *ouh dumec(

Hb% bma Thvmrc thetc%

Hb% bma vgaam bm jmocs *dumec(

Hb% bm ag ]aag thetc h dagenc%

Hb% bm ^ghems%

Hb% tcstgbc bma Thvmrc%

Hb% tcstgbc bm Ygabmcrrgs%

Acs eomrcs msprmsgbcs me ag tgdag getmnmbmetm sce

n' trohec ombhc bm bcs ! trms ogs mspmr hmenh gs! jm njgs nce ma vhec bm ue ohsoc pghs% Ag rhqumzg gancjahng bmdm vgrhgr nce acs g cs ! pum s ms ncsg bmogs hgbcsgdhbg! qum ag mstgnhe heiauym pcbmrc sgomet m me ag ngahbgb bm acs vhecs%

Ga mnsgohegr nce bmtmenhe mstg tgdag ec pub m om ecs bmgbvmrt hr ! qum guequ m ms bm nceshbmrgnhe ag bhimrhmenhg meag ngethbgb bm gancjca ncetmehbg me acs vhecs bm Fgah nh g! ec nrmc dgstm pgrg mspahngr su bhvmrsc ocbc bm


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g s /cdrgr me acs qum acs usge% Acs dmdmbcrms qum sm mo

dr hgfge nce bcs nugrth aacs bm vhec bma Thvm rc Gogebh ! gpmegs shmetme ecvmbgb nce bcdam rgnhe bma bm ag]aa g; she modgrfc bm smr ogycr ag ngethbgb bm gancjca qumme ma athoc ngsc jge dmdhbc% Rga vmz sm bhr qum mstgebcbhauhbc me frge pcrnhe bm gfug ec cdrg ncoc nugebc mstogs ncen met rgbc; pmrc mstg ncetmstgnhe ec thmem iumrzgjgdagebc bm acs vhecs bm Go ge bh ! h bma T hvmr c Yhag/nj ! qum mst ags orfmem s bma ^ha h ncrtg bhstgenhg

bm Gog eb h ! h qum thmeme ueg rhqumzg gancjahng ngsh hfuga !h acs ncecnmbcrms gbvhmr tme me maacs suog bhimrmenhg< ma bmGogebh me hfuga ngethbgb trgstcreg ogs prcetc ag ngdmzg qum acs ctrcs! ms ogs suairmc! bhnme acs bmvctcs bmDgnc % G qu pum bm gtrhduhrsm mstg prcp hmbg b 3 ^mr gngsc ga tmr eumvgometm bmsnudhmrtc qum ncethmeme acsvhecs *tmr cmegethnc( 3 Ncoc jgstg gjcrg ag Wuohng ecthmem ombhcs bm ghsagr mstm numrpc! smpgrebcac bm acsvhecs! ec pumbm sgahrsm bm ag bubg; nrmc ec cdstgetmqum mstm jm njc! cdsmrvgbc jgnm ounjc th mo pc ! omrm nm

aagogr ag gtmenhe bm acs Wuohncs%

NGPR]AC ^%

Omlcrgs tm qum ms sunmpahjam ma nuathvcmim ag Yhta me! Fgahnhg%

,, CT ac qum vg bhnjc me acs ngptuacs getmrhcrms smncecnm bmsbm aumfc qum ma nuathvc bm ag Yhb mst ouhmstmebhbc m e Fgahnhg; pmrc prcpcrnhceg frgebms uthahbg bms acs qum a sm bmbhnge 3 Dgstg ag prcbunnhe

pgrg ma ncesuoc bm acs jgdh tge tms bm ags prcvhenhgs bmagethfuc rmhec 3 Pg rg rmscavmr nce gnhmrtc mstgs bcs numsthcems sce emnmsgrhcs bgtcs mstgbst hncs! qum ec om jg


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4 2

shbc pcshdam rmncfmr ; pmrc gue she maacs trg tgr bm nce tmstgr mstgs prm fue tgs qum thmeme ethog rmagnhe ncema 70% puetc bm acs ncetmehbcs me ma prcfrgog bm ag^cnhmbgb%

^hmop rm iu ohrgbc pcr acs gfreco cs ncoc ouh vmetglcsc ma nuathvc bm ag Yhb *7( h ec ngdm bubg qum mstgngusg ms bmdhbg ag f rgebm mstmeshce qum sm am jg bgbc meFgahnhg bm nhme gcs gn% Bmsfrgn hgbgome tm pcr nhrnuestgenhgs pgrt hnuagrms! ueg frge pgrt m bm acs tmrr mecs bmsthegbcs ag Yhb ec bmdhmr ge bmbhngr sm ctrg ncsg qum

ga nuathvc bm acs nmrmgams h am fu odrm s; pcr qum eh pcrsu ngahbgb eh pcr su pcshnhe pumbm e prcbunh r vhecs

dumecs; pm rc ma qum mspmnuag gt hmebm scac ag fgegenhg! h ms hebhsputgdam qum sh ag Yhb ec ag p rcpcrnhcegrgogycr qum ctrgs page tg s! ec ag nuathvgrg% ^ m cdsmrvg eccdstge tm ueg gecogag! h ms ! qum ohmetrgs me shthcs bce bm jgstg gjcrg ec sm jge vhstc nmpgs sm gigege gafuecs me page tgr ags ; me ma Thvmrc h ctrcs puetcs bmsth egbcs bm thmopc heomocrhg a mstm nuathvc sm grrgenge ags

vhg s! pgrg bmlgrags gdg ebcegbgs! pgrg bmsthegrags ctrg ncsg! Inha ms mspahngr mstm imeomec% M e gafuethmopc acs vhecs bm ags rhdmrgs bma ^h a! Gvhg h Ohc mr gedusngbcs nce gie pcr acs mstrgefmrcs! scdrm tcbc pcracs Hefamsm s! qum acs gprmnhgdge h pgfgdge smfe su ngahbgb% Ag mspcrtgnhce ctrcs rmhecs prcpcrnhcegdg ounjgs ut hahbgbms acs prcphmtg rhcs! h acs ms thouagdg jgnmreumvcs pag et cs! h nuhbgr msomrg bgometm bm ncesmrvgr sus ngabcs ags nugahbgbms qum acs jgnge gpmtmnhdams! hncopgrgdams acs bm ctrcs pghsms% Pcr nhrnuestgenhgs pcathngs! pcr igatg bm jgdhahbgb bm eumstrcs fcdmregetmsigat ag mspcrtgnhce ga mst rg efmrc! h scac ma ncomrnhc hetmrhcr prcpcrnhce sgahbg mstm gr tn uac < bmsbm mstg pcngbmngy ma nuathyc bm ag Yh b! h ounjc ogs bmsbm qumeumstrcs pgysgecs nce ue pgagbgr omecs bmahngbc me mstm

*7( Hetmrho stebhcsh gponuathcehs jcn prhouo bcnmebh suet!udmrrhoue mssm rmbhtuo yhemgruo% Ncauomag%


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4 =

puetc qum ma bm acs mstrgefmrms! ec suphmrce bhst hefuhrags bhimrmetms nagsms bm vh ec ! h tcbgs ags smgagrcehfuga prmnhc% Bmsbm metcenms acs ncsmnjmrcs ec sm msomrgrc e me ncfmr dume vhe c! shec ou nj c! pgrg nco pme sgr nce ag ngethbgb ac qum pmrbg e me ag bmsmsthognhe bmag nga hbgb< bmsbm metcenms ec sm ncetm et Dgnc ncecnupgr acs ncaagbcs h rphbgs pme bhmet ms! shec qum hevg bh ags a ageurgs cnupgbgs pcr Nrms h Pc oc eg < bmsbmmetcenms acs vgaams bma ]aag h oun jg pgr tm bm ags Og rh /gs sm mopmzgrce nudrhr bm nmpgs! qum prcbunme ou

njc vhe c! pmrc oga c% H mstm vhec pc r su prmnhc ogsgncocbgbc ms prmimrhbc ga bma Th vm rc ! Gogebh h ctrcs

puetcs! pcr ag fmemrg ahbgb bm acs ncesuohbcrms; h jmgqu ag mspahngnhce bm ac qum pr homrg vhstg pgrmnm ueggecogag%

Frgvms bgcs sm crhfhege bm gqu ag gfr hnua turg; agsrphbg s pmebhm etms bm ags rhdmrgs bma Oh c! ^ha h Gvhggpmegs pum bme bmsthegrsm ctrc nuathvc! h sh igatg ag vhb!sm nudr hre bm drmzcs h jmanjcs hoprcbunt hvcs; h acs irthams

vgaams prcphcs pgrg ag shmodrg bma oghz! bma nmetmec ! hbm ags pgt gtg s! sm ncevmrthre me vhg s; h jgd r em nmshbgb bm t rgm r bm giumrg pgr g ma ncesuoc acs frgecsqum bmdhmrge scd rgr ecs ; bhsoheuhr ma fgegbc vgnuec !ncoc heemnmsg rhc pgrg ag agdrgezg bm ags vh g s! h pcr

prmnhs hce tcbc hr me bmngbmenhg % H ec jg dr ue ombhcpgrg rmomb hgr tgetcs ogams 3 ^h am jgy! am jg hebhngbcyg ag ^cnhmbgb mnceohng bm ^gethgfc me ue heicrom!qum ncrrm hoprmsc! bgbc ga Fmim Pcathnc bm ag Ncrgeg

me Ecvhmodrm bm 7 : > 6 % drge sm ags ngrrmtmrgs tgetcsgcs jg prcymntgbgs me Fga hnhg! h jfgsm egvmfgdam maOhc bmsbm su modcngburg jgstg Cr mesm ! h tcbc ngodhgr bm gspmntc % Rrg espcrtgbcs pcnc ncstm acs vhecsbm acs pgsms prcpcs pgrg su ncsmnjg tcbcs acs pu etcs bm Fgahnhg! gpmegs sudhr su pr mn hc ! h smre prmimrhbcs acs bmos me ma omrn gbc; h pcr ncesmnumenhg meacs vgaams h aagecs bmsg pgrmnmr e ags nmpgs pgrg bgr aufgr acs nm rmg ams ; h me ma T hvmr c h bmos puetcs sm bm s/

2


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4 9

nuglgre ags thmrrgs henuatgs h sm ncevmrthre me vhmbcs%H ec pgrmnm qum ag egvmfgnhe bma Ohc smg hopcshdam !pums me ag gethfmbgb iu egvmfgdam smfe Mstrgdce pcrmspgnhc bm cnjc nhmetcs ms tgb hcs! h me oh pcbmr mnshstmueg ou h nurhcsg rmprmsmetgnhe bhrhlhbg ga Tmy B % Ngr/acs HHH%! me qum sm meuomrge ags nceshbmrgdams vmetglgsqum prcpcrnhcegrg tga moprmsg! h sm bmoumstrg qum ecms tge bhinha ncoc ct rgs ! qum sm jge aamvgbc ngdc

dglc ma rmhegbc bm gqum a tge ecodrgbc Ocegrng %

Pmr c bmlocecs bm prcymntcs qum !ec jgh mspmrgezgbm vmr rmgahzgbcs me eum strcs bhg s! h vmgocs ags omlcrgsbm qum ms sunmpthdam ma nuathvc bm ag vhb me Fgahnhg%

Pgrm nm hebubgdam qum bm tcbcs acs% vhbumcs bmsnrhtcsme ma ngptuac 4% ma ogs gbmnugbc pgrg ma nahog h tm rr mec fgaamfc ms ma Gadgrm aac< ec bmdme she modgrfc gdg ebcegrsm acs bmo s ! pc r qum tcbcs acs gfr ec ocs ! h metrm maacs eumst rc Nca uom ag ! gncesmlge qum sm nuathvmebhimrmetms vgr hmg bgbms; pcr qum ncoc su rmshstmenhg agsjm ag bg s! ehmdags h ngacrms ms bh imrme tm; ncoc drctge h iac/

rmenme me bhvmrsgs pcngs! sh ngsugaometm igatg ue gcag ncsmnjg me ue gs ! gduebg r me ags c trgs! h ec sm vmr ma prcphmtgrhc prhvgbc bma irutc qum gejmag% Pm rc

pcr ag ohsog rgze ec bmdme pa ge tgr sm omznagbgs nce ius gom etm! h sh ngbg ngstg nce smpgrgnhe! pgrg jgnmr agvmebhohg nugebc ag uvg mst sgz ceg bg! ac qum ec smnceshfum % ue ohs oc thmopc me tcbgs ags vgr hmbgbms%

Tmspmntc ags agdcrms prmnhsc ms gbvmrthr qum ec msvmetglg! ncoc gafuecs phmesge! mncecohzgrags; nugetc

ogs sm oumvg ag th mrr g! nugetc ogs mspcelcsg sm p cefg st g! nce ogs ignhahbgb rmnhdm ags heiaumenhgs gtocs irh ngs! h og s gahometc sm suohehstrg ag pagetg % Gutc rmsnamdrms jg jgdhbc qum prn thngome tm quhshmrce bmo cs trg r qum ags agdcrms prcbunge ma ohsoc mimntc me manuathvc qum acs mst hrncams; h sus prmnmpt cs h ag prnt hngbm acs pghsms bcebm nce og s hetmahfmenhg sm nuhbg agvhb ! h omlcrms vhecs sm ncl me! bmdme smrvhr bm ec ro g%Dcutmacu jgdagebc bma nuathvc bm ag vhb me ^% Aungr bm


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4 6

Dgr rgombg bhnm q um mnshfme ags vhgs ue nuhbgbc ncetheuc! ueg smrhm ec hetmrruophbg bm agdcrms pgrg su

prcspmrhbgb! aczgeg h prcbuntc gduebgetm% Ounjcs shfacsgetms jgdg bhnjc ac ohsoc Ncauomag *7( bmspus ac bhlcJmr rmr g h tcbcs acs qum pcstm rhcr ometm sm cnupgrce bmmstm rgoc bm gfrhnuaturg% M e acs puetcs bm Irg enhg b ce bm sm ncfme acs vhecs ncecnhbcs bm tcbc ma fa cd c! smbge ags vhgs ac omecs t rms nugtrc agdcrms < me eumstrg s prcvhenhgs omr hbhcegams! bm bcebm sgame acs omlcrms

vhecs bma oue bc! h bcebm sm nuathvg nce msomrc h ncecnhohmetc ag vhb! ams bge ueg agdcr aagogbg gauodrg me Ctcc!ags ngdge me Imdrm rc ! ags dhege me Gdrha h ags rmdh ege meGfcstc< gafuecs bge gue ctrg rmdheg bcs getms bm agvmebhohg! ac qum ncetrhduym ga guometc bma vcauome bm aguvg% Bhnm Dcutm ac qum ue ngpgtgz hetm ahfme tm nceshfuh mema gc bm 7:09 me bcs grgezgbgs bm t hm rr g! qum rmdhetrms vmn ms! 6 8 7#4 grrcdgs bm ocstc ogs! qum ma qum pr cbulmrce ctrgs bcs rmdhegbgs ueg scag vmz ! ags nugamsmstgdge su heombhgnhe! h qum me gcs getm rhcr ms bg

dge hfuga prcbuntc; h ma guometc bm ncsmn jg! bmsncetgbc ma ncstm bm acs lc re ga ms ! am bml ueg uthahbgb bm= = 2 7#4 rs % Mst m mlmopac h ctrcs qum pubhmrg nhtgr b m

dme ncevmenmr acs prcphmtgr hcs fgaamfcs! qum nce ms ngthogr agdcrms ags vhgs! ga pgsc qum gdrmvhge suvhbg! ec cdthmeme vmetglg gafueg%

Eg bg bm pgrth nu ag r jgh qum gbvmrth r rms pm nt c ga o tcbcbm jgnmr ma vh ec< tcbcs sgdme qum ec ncevhmem qum agsuvgs vgyge ouh irhgs ga ag fg r! h qum ec aamvme jclgs smngs

eh frgecs pcbrhbcs! qum pumbme bgr ga vhec oga fustc%Pmrc ncevmebrg gbcptgr ue ombhc bm phsgrags nce ogshfugabgb h mncecog ; pcr ounjc qum sm msomrm e ags

pmr scegs bmst hegbgs ms trulgr ags ! ms hopcshdam qum pumbge ncfmr nce sus phms h ogecs tcbcs acs fr ge cs ; gb m/

*7( Gt mfc nuo coem fmeus rurhs! ehsh bhlmethg! nurg! snhtmqummxmrnmgtur! iruntucsuo mssm ece pcssm lubhnmo ture vma oxhomvhengs%


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4 : ogs ec thmem egbg bm ahophc mstm trgdglc% Bcs nhahe brcs tcsncs bm ogbmrg ncacngbcs me ma icebc bm uegnglg h nce ue ocvhohmetc hev mrs c! pcbr ge aamegr nu o

pa hbgometm ma cdlmtc! h ue ounjgnjc bm bcnm gcs acsogemlgrg nce ignhahbgb%

Pg rg mvhtgr prbhbgs h scdrm tcbc ma pma hfrc bm gv hegfrg rsm ma rgopclc h ma vhec bmdhmrge t mem r acs agfgrms thegs uegs tgpgbmrgs! qum metrgsme bmetrc bm ag vg

shlg! bmlgebc ue mspgnhc metr m sus dcrbms pgrg ma bmsprmebhohme tc bma gnnhbc ngrdehnc! h qum nmbhmebc acsocvhohmetcs bm ag ogsg me imrometgnhe! sudhmsme h dg

lgs me she bmlgr bm nudr hr ngsh tcbg su supmrihnhm% Bmmstm ocbc sm hopmbhrg ag mvgpcrgnhe! h ma ncetgntc bmagyrm ! ngusg bm ag gnmsnmenhg bm acs vhecs% Me gafuecs pghsmssufmtge me ombhc bma ahquhbc pcr ombhc bm ueg tgdaggjulmrmgbg tcbc ma msncdglc ! h nceshfume ue vhec ngrfgbc bm nca cr ! she emnmshbgb bm ags ncetheugs h mspumstgs ph sg bu rg s! qum me Fgahnhg sm bge ga ocstc burget m ag

imrometgn he ! scac nce ma cdlmtc bm sgngr ue vhec dhmethetc! qum mrrgbgometm ms ma prmimrhbc%


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4 8

Ag igdrhngnhe bm acs gfugrbhmetms mst gtrgsgbshogme Fgahnh g< me A mo cs ! Wuhr cfg! Gogebh h Thdmr c bmsthage me gagodhqums bma thmopc bm acs gaquhohstgs! ma msncdglc bmspus bm pr mesg bc ! h cdthmeme ue gfugrbhmetmbm oga fustc h ngrc% Ngsh eueng bmsthage vhecs! h me acsgcs gduebgetms sm phm rbme ounjgs grrcdgs pcr igatg bm

bmspgnjc! she qum egbhm phmesm me gprcvmnjgrags pgrgsgngr su msprhtu% Eh pubhmrg jgnmrsm nce vmetglg ecgbcptgebc gafuec bm acs ocbmrecs gpgrgtcs bm bmsthagnhe!qum nce mncecog bm th mo pc ! trgdglc h ncodust hdam bgeue gfugrbhmetm dumec h gfrgbgdam% Gs ms qum ag ogycr

pgrtm bma gancjca h gfugrbhme tm qum sm ncesuom me Fgahnhg! scdrm tcbc me acs pumdacs ahtcrgams h prcnshocs gaogr ! prcnmbm bm Ngtgaug; h nhmrtgom etm mstm jmnjc bgueg pcdrm hbmg bm eums trc mstgbc bm hestrunhce h gbmagetgohmetc% Pmrc tgodhe bmdm nceimsgrsm qum ags ohsogs ngusgs qum heiauymrce me ag bmngbmen hg bm acs dum ecs vh ec s! heiauyme me mstm gt rg sc < ag igatg bm ngrrmtmrgshophbm ag ignhahbgb bm acs trgspc rt ms ! h gngsc ms ogs dgrgtc ma bm Ngtgaug ^gethgfc! qum ma bm Amocs h Thvmrc ga ohsoc puetc% Ec cdstgetm mstm rgoc bm hebustrhg dhme pagetmgbc bmdm prcpcrnhcegr uthahbgbms%

Gafueg pubhmrg tgodhe sgngrsm bma msncdglc! qumoge/bcac h sgngebc bm su nmehzg ag pctg sg; pmrc ms ounjcogs vmetglcsc ga prcphmtgrhc aamvgrac su vhg! h rmsthtuhr

bm mstm ocbc ag thmrrg pg rt m bm ags sus tgenhgs eut rht hvgs bm qum ag vhb ag jg prhvgbc% H mstm msthrnca ms ounjc omlcr qum ma qum sm icrog nce ctrgs sustgenhgs vm fmtgams h gehogams me putrmignn he! qum pumbm e ncouehngrga vhec ue fustc bmsgfrgbgdam%


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Mxpahngnhe bm gafuegs vcnms usgbgs me ags bms/nrh pnh cem s m ^s vg rh mb gb ms bm a g vhb %

Ags jclgs bm ag vhb mste bhvhbhbgs ncoueometm me nhencpgrtms qum sm aagoge! fglcs< mstcs pumbme smr puethgfubcs cdtuscs% Acs ncrtms qum bhvhbme mstcs fglcs sm bmecohegesmecs/ Nugebc ma smec icrog ue efuac gfubc sm bmecohegsmec gfubc; h sh sm mesgenjg h grrmbcebmg! mesgenjgbc t

gncrgzcegbc% Nugebc acs smecs ec aamfge ogs qum jgstg agtmrnmrg pgrtm bma bhsnc bm ag jclg! stg aamvg ma ecodrm bmacdgbg; sh prciuebhzge jgstg ag ohtgb gafc ogs! sm aagog

pgaomgbg/

Ags supmrihnhms supmrhcr *jgz( heimrhcr *mods( pum/bme mstgr bmseubgs! nudhmrtgs nce gafuecs pmacs! me nu/yc ngsc ag jclg sm aagog pmacsg; pmrc sh acs pmacs sceounjcs! h mste metrmagzgbcs! sm aagog dcrrcsg%

Me acs rgnhocs sm aagog pmze ma pgahtc qum scsthmemma rgnhoc! h mst uehbc ga sgrohmetc; h sm aagoge pmzcenhtcs!acs phmnmnhtcs qum scsthmeme ags uvgs% Me mstcs sm jgaageuegs mohemenhgs qum aamvge ma ecodrm bm dmrrufgs; h meag pgrtm supmrhcr ue nhrnuac ogs omecs gduatgbc h bmncacr bhimrmetm bma vmrbm! qum aagog rcbmtm%

Me ags uvgs bmdme ectgrsm uegs faebuags qum sm jgaagega rmbmbcr bma gjulmrc! qum bmlg ma pmzcenhtc nugebc sm sm /pgrge bm a! h qum icroge ma gehaac! qum pumbm smr nhrnu/agr bm nhenc ogs agbcs%

observaciones sobre el cultivo de la vid en galicia (1843)

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