obrajes bridge to market - duke universitypresentation.pdf · obrajes bridge to market design team:...

Obrajes bridge tO Market

Design Team:Thomas BurklanD

maria giBBs

russell glorioso

Thomas haDzor

Duke universiTy

PraTT school of engineering

DeParTmenT of civil anD environmenTal engineering

civil engineering 142sPring 2009

BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 Spring 2009

exisTing conDiTions


siTe

Project Site


Design alTernaTives

Floating BridgeUtilizing the bouyant force of water, this bridge would respond to a flooded river by simply rising on it. Inspired by pontoon boats, and potentially recycling oil drums, this bridge would be simple to maintain, if not to cross.

Major concerns about durability, safety, and reliability shelved this untested concept.


Design alTernaTives

Culvert BridgeThe culvert bridge is a standard rural design. It is durable, easily crossed, and relatively simple to construct. Large round pipes - culverts - allow water to flow through, leaving the bridge nearly untouched.

Major drawbacks are the uncertainty of availability of appropriate culverts, or the manpower needed to construct such a bridge.


Design alTernaTives

Hardened RoadwayThe simplest option by far, the hardened roadway is little more than a slab on grade. It is easy to build and maintain and potentially extremely durable. However, in times of flooding, this solution becomes impassable.

In the times of high water that make this bridge project necessary, this option will be unusable. While it would become passable faster than mud could dry, the significant problem of flooding makes this option less than optimal.


Design Decision

We utilized a spreadsheet of values, scoring each bridge out of ten for eight useful categories.

Our results indicated that the culvert design was the best option, so we moved forward with a design for a culvert bridge.


1

2

3

4

A B C D E F

10

x 2

0

10

x 2

0

10

x 2

0

10

x 2

0

10

x 2

0

10

x 2

0

14 x 25

14 x 25

14 x 25

14 x 25

14 x 25

14 x 25

14 x 25

14 x 25 14 x 25

14 x 25

14 x 25

14 x 25 14 x 25

14 x 25

14 x 25

14 x 25 14 x 25

14 x 25

14 x 25

14 x 25

12' - 0" 12' - 0"

12

' - 0"

12

' - 0"

1

2

3

4

A B C D E F

2' - 9" 1' - 8"

1' - 0"

5' - 0"

5' - 0

"

20' - 0" 20' - 0" 20' - 0" 20' - 0"20' - 0"

4' - 0

"4

' - 0"

4' - 0

"

1

2

3

4

A B C D E F

12' - 0"

Scale

Date

Drawn By

Checked By

Project Number

1/4" = 1'-0"

S1

PLANS

CE 142

BOLIVIA BRIDGE

TJH

TAB

4/27/2009

SE2009

1/4" = 1'-0"1

03 - DECK

1/4" = 1'-0"2

01 - FOUNDATION

1/4" = 1'-0"3

02 - BANKS

Plans


elevaTions

02 - BANKS0' - 0"

03 - DECK1' - 6"

01 - FOUNDATION-7' - 0"

1 2 3 4

02 - BANKS0' - 0"

03 - DECK1' - 6"


1234

02 - BANKS0' - 0"

03 - DECK1' - 6"


ABCDEF

THIS AREA TO BEFILLED IN WITH SOIL

THIS AREA TO BEFILLED IN WITH SOIL

02 - BANKS0' - 0"

03 - DECK1' - 6"


A B C D E F

THIS AREA TO BEFILLED IN WITH SOIL THIS AREA TO BE

FILLED IN WITH SOIL

Scale

Date

Drawn By

Checked By

Project Number

1/4" = 1'-0"

S2

ELEVATIONS

CE 142

BOLIVIA BRIDGE

TJH

TAB

4/27/2009

SE2009

1/4" = 1'-0"1

EAST ELEVATION

1/4" = 1'-0"2

WEST ELEVATION

1/4" = 1'-0"3

NORTH ELEVATION

1/4" = 1'-0"4

SOUTH ELEVATION


connecTions

5 #4 BARS @ 14" O.C.

4 #8 BARS

#3 TIES@ 1'-0" O.C.

1' - 8

"

0' - 10"

1' - 0

"1

' - 0"

1' - 0

"

0' - 2"0' - 2"

#3 TIES@ 1'-0" O.C.

4 #8 BARS

2 LONGITUDINAL #8 BARS

Scale

Date

Drawn By

Checked By

Project Number

3" = 1'-0"

D1

DETAILS

CE 142

BOLIVIA BRIDGE

TJH

TAB

4/27/2009

SE2009

3" = 1'-0"2

02 - COLUMN INTO FOOTING 3" = 1'-0"

101 - COLUMN INTO PRIMARY BEAM


reBar Plan

1' - 2

"

1' - 2

"

2 LONGITUDINAL #8 BARSIN PRIMARY BEAM

COLUMN BARS BEND AND EXTENDALONG PRIMARY BEAM

2 #8 BARS EXTEND INTO BOTHSECONDARY AND PRIMARY BEAMSTHE DEVELOPEMENT LENGTH

0' - 2

1/2

"

0' - 2

1/2

"

0' - 1

5/8

"

4 LONGITUDINAL #8 BARSIN EACH SECONDARY BEAM

1' - 0

"

1' - 0

"

0' - 3 1/2"0' - 3 1/2"

2' - 9

"

Scale

Date

Drawn By

Checked By

Project Number

3" = 1'-0"

D2

DETAILS

CE 142

BOLIVIA BRIDGE

TJH

TAB

4/27/2009

SE2009

3" = 1'-0"1

03 - REBAR PLAN VIEW


DeTails

02 - BANKS0' - 0"

03 - DECK1' - 6"


A

0' - 3

"

2' - 9" 1' - 8"

7' - 0

"1

' - 0"

1' - 0"

2 #8 BARS

2 #8 BARS

Scale

Date

Drawn By

Checked By

Project Number

As indicated

D3

DETAILS

CE 142

BOLIVIA BRIDGE

TJH

TAB

4/27/2009

SE2009

3" = 1'-0"1

04 - PRIMARY AND SECONDARY BEAMS

3/4" = 1'-0"2

05 - RETAINING WALL


PracTical consiDeraTionscourTesy of WooDy kloesel, Pe

Optimal water/cement ratio ≤ 0.55

Reinforcing steel: Fy = 40 ksi

Concrete: fc’ = 2500 psi (EWB recommended for site-mixed)

Allowable soil bearing pressure: 2000 psf

Suggested Rho value: ρ= 0.0045


final Design

Deck0.6C24 Deck2.5” DeepWWF= 6x6 W2.1 x W2.1 (As=0.042)

Primary Beam10 x 20 with 2-#8 barsTops each of the four sets of columns and the retaining wall.

Secondary Beam14 x 25 with 4-#8 barsRuns with the flow of traffic, @ 4’ O.C.

Column10 x 12 reinforced concrete4 #8 bars with #3 ties @ 1’-0” O.C.

Spread Footing60 x 60 x 85 #4 bars @ 1’-2” O.C. in each direction

Major materials used

Concrete: 1846 ft3

Metal Decking: 1200 ft2

WWF: 12 csf

#3 bars: 140 ft

#4 bars: 400 ft

#8 bars: 2259 ft


concreTe mix Design

Goals: water/cement ratio ≤ 0.55 concrete fc’ ≥ 2500 psi

Concrete Mix:

Water: 0.5 lb/ft3

Cement: 25.38 lb/ft3

Coarse Aggregate: 73.89 lb/ft3

Fine Aggregate: 48.9 lb/ft3


form Design

NOTE: Each design is for one of the objects it specifies

Footing: 4 - 1” x 8” timbers; two cut at 5’-2”, two cut at 5’-0”

Column: 4 - 1” x 12” timbers; cut at 6’-5”

Primary Beam: 5 - 1/2” plywood; one cut to 12’-0” x 11”, two cut to 11’-11” x 20”, two cut to 11” x 20”

Secondary Beam: 5 - 1/2” plywood; one cut to 12’-0” x 15”, two cut to 1’-3” x 2’-1”, two cut to 19’-11” x 2’-1”

Ramp: 4 - 1” x 4” timbers; two cut to 12’-0”, two cut to 12’-2”

Retaining Wall Slab: 4 - 1” x 12” timbers; two cut to 5’-5”; two cut to 12’-2”

Retaining Wall: 4 - 1/2” plywood; two cut to 6’-5” x 1’-2”, two cut to 6’-5” x 12’-0”

BOLIVIAN BRIDGE DESIGN CE 142 S PRING 2009

COS T E S TIMATIONMaterials List

1 U.S. dollar = 7.02000702 Bolivian bolivianos

Item Amount per ElementUnits Multiply by 1.25Convert to m# of 12m bars# of ElementsCost(BOB) Units Cost (USD) Cost

Spread Footing 8

concrete 16.7 cf

rebar (8 #4 bars)12.7mm 400 ft 500 152.4 13 135.71 per 12 m bar $19.34

Column 8

concrete

rebar (6 #3 bars)9.525mm 140 ft 173.6 52.91328 5 85.26 per 12m bar $12.15

Primary Beam 6

concrete

rebar (2 #8 bars) 2259 ft 2823.75 860.679 72 604.55 per 12m bar $86.14

Secondary Beam 20

concrete

rebar (4 #8 bars)28.65mm 0 ft 0 0 0 604.55 per 12m bar $86.14

Retaining Wall 2

concrete

rebar (2 #8 bars) 1 ft 1.25 0.381 1 604.55 per 12m bar $86.14 $172.28

Welded Wire Fabric 12 csf

Deck

concrete

metal decking 1200 sf 1 15.94 sf $2.27

anchor bolts

Form Work

plywood $1,000

lumber (i.e. 2 x 4) $1,000

nails (clavos) 1000 18/kg(.35/nail) $0.05 $50.00

Total

# 8 re-bar 2259 ft 2823.75 860.679 72 604.55 per 12m bar $86.14 $6,202.08

#4 re-bar 400 ft 500 152.4 13 135.71 per 12m bar $19.34 $251.42

# 3 re-bar 140 ft 175 53.34 5 8.26 per 12m bar $12.15 $60.75

Concrete 1846 ft $8,452

Metal Decking 1200 sf 15.94 sf $2.27 $2,724.00

Welded Wire Fabric 12 csf 15.16 csf $2.16 $25.92

Concrete 1846 cf

Portland Cement 23.33 lb/cf

Coarse Aggregate(Gravel) 73.89 lb/cf

Fine Aggregate (Sand) 48.9 lb/cf

Water

Welded Wire Mesh 347.49/cfs $49.50

Misc. Materials

Trowels(paleta, badilejo) 5 18 $2.56 $12.80

Shovels(pala) 10 85 $12.11 $121.10

Wheelbarrows 5 600 $85.49 $427.45

Concrete Mixer 2 $1,000 $1,000

Stakes 200 1.75 $0.25 $50.00

Tape Measures 5 28 $4.00 $20.00

Levels (nivel) 5 17 $2.42 $12.10

Spray Paint 20 35 $5 $100

Surveying Equipment *brought from Duke $0 $0

Helmets(cascos) 20 30 $0.27 $5.40

Gloves(guantes de cuero) 20 20 $2.85 $57.00

Breathing Masks 10 10 $1.42 $14.20

Safety Glasses(gafas) 10 15 $2.14 $21.40

Wood Saws 10 40 $5.70 $57.00

Hammars (martillo) 10 45 $6.41 $64.10

Total Cost $21,728.72

English Spanish

rebar Acero Corrugado

Concrete 1846 cf Times 1846 Divide by pounds per bag

Portland Cement 23.33 lb/cf 43067.18 538.33975 48.20 per bag80 pound bag $6.87 $3,698.39

Coarse Aggregate(Gravel) 73.89 lb/cf 136400.9 1705.0118 77.22 per bag40 pound bag $4.00 $6,820.05

Fine Aggregate (Sand) 48.9 lb/cf 90269.4 4513.47 46.33 per bag20 pound bag $6.60

Water Readily Availible


Construction Scheduling


QuesTions?

obrajes bridge to market - duke universitypresentation.pdf · obrajes bridge to market design team:...

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