1. Drinking water: To remove the different impurities in the

raw water, to render the water safe and clean and to ensure

the treated water quality meets the drinking water standards.

The type of treatment required depends on the

characteristics of the raw water.

Enforcing agency

2. Wastewater : Domestic or sanitary wastewater/ Industrial wastewater.

Wastewater is treated to remove pollutants (contaminants).

Wastewater treatment is a process to improve and purify the

water, removing some or all of the contaminants, making it fit

for reuse or discharge back to the environment.

Discharge may be to surface water, such as rivers or the

ocean, or to groundwater that lies beneath the land

surface of the earth. Properly treating wastewater assures

that acceptable overall water quality is maintained.

TREATMENT

RAW WATER

DRINKING WATER

DRINKING WATER TREATMENT - OBJECTIVE

WATER USE

DESIRED WATER CHARACTERISTICS

SOURCE WATER CHARACTERISTICS

LEGISLATION

Source water and treated water- both have parameters for measurement of their characteristics

Each parameter has a unit- Colour in TCU (see handout)

The Environment Protection Act- 5 September 2002

Part III deals with the Enforcing Agencies and the

Environment Coordination Committee which shall be

inter alia to ensure the maximum cooperation and

coordination among enforcing agencies dealing with

environment protection and develop such policies and

measures to ensure prompt and effective consultation

on matters relating to environment protection

Responsible for making sure that water meets the

Standards.

Ministry of Health

Samples of water are collected to be tested.

Wastewater Management Authority (WMA)

WMA is the enforcing agency for industries.

Controls industrial discharges- industries cannot

discharge in sewers directly.

Water Resources Unit (WRU)

Controls all discharges into surface water.

Ministry of Fisheries

Controls all discharges into the sea.

MOH and MOE have an overall control.

Regulatory agency: Ministry of environment- for water, wastewater, airmaking of the regulations.