ObamaCare• 7 pm Wednesday, McMillan

Theater• Dr. Moss will explain “Obamacare”

Why should you know about Obamacare?

Interviewers may ask you about Obamacare and your opinions of it!

1QQ#10 for 10:30

1. In a person with acromegaly, high levels of GH, IGF-1, and GHRH would indicate primary hyposecretion.

2. Endemic goiter is an example of secondary hyposecretion.

3. During times of stress, elevated levels of cortisol enhance inflammatory and immune responses.

4. Prolonged treatment with glucocorticoids can lead to atrophy of the adrenal medulla.

5. Pithing the brain of a frog eliminates the wiping reflex.

Choose two of the following false or misleading statements and make the appropriate corrections.

Be sure to write the number of the questions you choose.

1QQ#10 for 11:30

1. In a person with acromegaly, high levels of GH, IGF-1, and GHRH would indicate primary hyposecretion.

2. Endemic goiter is an example of secondary hyposecretion.

3. During times of stress, elevated levels of cortisol enhance inflammatory and immune responses.

4. Prolonged treatment with glucocorticoids can lead to atrophy of the adrenal medulla.

5. Pithing the brain of a frog eliminates the wiping reflex.

Choose two of the following false or misleading statements and make the appropriate corrections.

Be sure to write the number of the questions you choose.

Why are NSAIDs preferable to Glucocorticoids for treating inflammation and

arthritis?

Consider the HPA axis and the effects of long-term dosing with glucocorticoids on ACTH secretion and the Adrenal Cortex.

S 6

Neurons? Endocrine cells? Neuroendocrine cells?

S 6

Neurons and endocrine cells are very involved in homeostasis. To Chapter 6!

6

7

Neurulation

8

9

10Role of Growth Cones

Dorsal root ganglion sensory (afferent) neuron cell bodySomatic motoneuron cell bodyAutonomic motoneuron cell body (preganglionic)Autonomic motoneuron cell body (ganglionic)Interneuron cell body (all within CNS)

Communication in The Vertebrate NS

Signaling over short and long distances

Blood pressureBlood gases and pHMuscle stretchPain

Skin temperatureHair movementLight, Taste, OdorTouch, Pain,Temperature, Etc.

Dimensions of neurons

Reflexes require some part of the CNS (i.e. frog lab)

Peripheral nerves are “mixed” (have afferent & efferent axons)

S 10

Descending neurons (corticospinal interneurons) from brain to spinal cord

Sensory (afferent) neurons from hoof to brain

If Nodes of Ranvier are 1 mm apart:

How many Schwann cells to myelinate the 2 meters of a sensory axon from hoof to dorsal root ganglion near spinal cord?

How many oligodendries to myelinate the 2 meters of the sensory axon ascending in spinal cord to brain?

S 11

Fig. 06.03S 12

Orthograde =anterograde

retrograde

Axonal Transport

• Orthograde = Anterograde = from soma to terminals– slow……1-2 mm/day– fast …..200-400 mm/day (kinesin)

• Retrograde = from terminals to soma– fast….200-400 mm/day (dynein)

• What gets transported and why?• Axonal transport is too slow for rapid

signaling, so…

S 13

Who Cares?

Alayna Davis

October 1992 Age 5 October 31, 1992 October 1998