Captain D.J. Cote, USMCMajor T.F. Dono, USMC

With special thanks to Fire Captain Jim Brown of

Monterey Fire Nov 3, 2011

OA4202 Final ProjectMonterey Fire

Network

Overview• Background – Standards of

Coverage• Graph Depiction• Research Questions / MOEs• Modeling Assumptions• Experiments -- Results• Conclusions• Further Research

• x

BackstoryMonterey Fire Responsiveness on the Monterey Peninsula Road

Network

What is the Standard?There is a response standard STILL on the books todayThe Insurance Services Office (ISO) FD Grading Schedule

Fire Stations at 1.5 miles apart

Current Standard• The National Fire Protection Association

(NFPA 1710-7, 2010)• The FD shall establish a performance

objective of….• Alarm processing time

of 60 seconds (1 min turnover)

• 240 seconds for first arriving engine company (4 mins)

• 480 seconds for the full alarm assignment (8 mins)

• For the achievement of each turnout, not less than 90%.

Monterey Fire Dept.Standards of Coverage

Initial apparatus in 6 min (5+1)/80% vs. 5/90%(NFPA)

Concentrated Forces 8 min (7+1)/80% vs. 9/90%(NFPA)

Time to target time is a better MOE than distance

Actual Sectors of Cover for Monterey Fire Dept.

A few logical questions…

• With the assets of the MFD and a given fire• One primary Questions –

• What is the Response Time in minutes?• What is the Allocation of Forces?• What if some FSs were unavailable?• How does interdiction impact

response time?• Can the system handle simultaneous

fires? • Can the Monterey Fire maintain time

to target goals with multiple fires?

Measures of EffectivenessRESPONSE TIME

• Time required for concentrated forces• Insight for reach within a target time

ALLOCATION OF FORCES • Distribution of assets for a given fire

demand• Insight on most strained Fire Stations

Monterey Fire Department Assets • Pebble Beach Station1 1 Engine + 1

Ladder• Pebble Beach Station2 1 Engine• Pacific Grove Station 1 Engine• Monterey Station1 1 Engine + 1

Ladder• Monterey Station2 1 Engine• Monterey Station3 1 Engine• Seaside Station 2 Engine

• TOTAL 8 Engine + 2 Ladder

Modeling Assumptions

• NO distinction between vehicle types• 8 Engine + 2 Ladder = 10

“FireTrucks”• ALL calls are Structural Fires

• Demand of 5 “FireTrucks” (Close to reality)

• ONLY four fire locations• CHOMP, Aquarium, Wharf, Airport

Graph Representation (Nodes)

• Node Selection • Seven Fire Stations • Major road intersections • Center point of Residential Areas• Highly populated fire locations

Graph Representation(Edges)

• Edge COST is the time to travel an edge

• Time = distance / MPH

Min Cost Max Flow

Supply = -5 s

FS1

FS2

(8, 0, ∞)

(15, 0, ∞) (0, 5, ∞) (cost, 0, 2)

(cost,

0, 1)

Demand = 5 t

Graph Depiction

Graph Depiction

AirportCHOM

P

Fish. Wharf

Aquarium

xxx1

1

22

2

1

1

FireTrucksat FS = 2

MFD Battlefield Setup

Modeling Interdiction• Degrade the capability of a FS to

respond• Remove assets

• Less trucks available• Prior tasking

Design of Experiments

• All Fire Stations full strength• Fire Station interdiction – 1, 2, 3• Two simultaneous structural fires • All FS full strength PLUS a new FS

with 2 trucks

Results

Airport Aquarium CHOMP Wharf0123456

Response Time

Reaction time (in minutes)Add Firestation near Airport

Min

utes

Allocation of ResourcesPB1 PB2 PG M1 M2 M3 SSD

Approx.Location

Forest Lake

Near CHOMP

Pine Ave City Hall Cannery Row

Near Fair-

grounds

Top of Broad-

way

Airport ✔ ✔ ✔

Aqua-rium

✔ ✔ ✔

CHOMP ✔ ✔ ✔

Wharf ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Interdicting Fire Stations

0 1 2 31.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5.5

6.5

7.5

8.5

9.5Response Time to Various Fires

with Interdiction

AirportAquariumChompWharf

Res

pons

e Ti

me

in M

inut

es

Simultaneous Fireswith New FS

Airpor

t / Aqu

arium

Airpor

t / C

homp

Airpor

t / W

harf

Aquar

ium / C

homp

Aquar

ium / W

harf

CHOMP /

Wha

rf0246

Simultaneous Fire Response Times

Original With New Fire Station

Res

pons

e Ti

me

(Min

utes

)

Conclusions• MFD has a great battlefield setup• MFD can STILL achieve time goals

with TWO simultaneous structural fires

• This study reinforces the strength of the current system

• Functional, resilient and efficient

=

Model Improvements• More nodes to better simulate reality

• Fire sites• Intersections

• Multi-commodity • Timing• Exact fire demand, i.e. 4 Engines, 1

Ladder• Fire demands other than structural

• Integration with other FSs, i.e. Carmel, Salinas

Questions?Thank you Monterey Fire