:: -LI ¢\-* #$o: f;;;°o_.,• *: ' 1113 1-- _- _ NBS TECHNICAL NOTE "%.

_'_ NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Th_ Nalional Ilurcau of Standards' wa'_ cslahli_hcd hy an act ol Congrc_ orl March 3, 1901.

Th_ I_lH-_lU'f_o','cr_l_l _o;LI is It) slrClt_lhCI1 _lll_l Hdv_lllCclhc N_Lliofl'_ _Ci_lICCand Icdlmflo_),i t and I'acililatc Ibcir cl'l_:clhc appli_athm Ior public bmlclil. To this end. Iht: lhlrcau ¢OlldUCtS

re_atcb and pmvid_: ( I) u bn_is hlr Ihe Nathm'_ physical mmtmlrcln_nl sy_lcnl. (2) scimlljli¢

.... _ a0d tcclulol_gicu] services Ibr illdunlry ;Ind govcrr1111_:n(,(3) a technical Ilasj_ lot equity in

trmlc, and (,1) technical scrvicc_ Io prmnole public mdct)'. 1he Bureau's I_clulical wl_rk is per-

• , l_rmcd b)' lhe Natiorlal M¢;l_orcmcnt l.;dloratory, lllc N;llltmul Enghlccring Lahoratary+and

, IhC Instillltc pot Computer S¢icrlC_. _lrld Tccllnoltl_),,

TIIE NATIONAL Mf:ASUREMENT I,_.BORATORY provld¢_,lh¢ naliorml_yslmn _iI

plly_;ical _lnd t:hcln3c_ll _llld IT1LII_l'i_lls IIIC_I_IJ[C111_1_I: ¢o(ItdimllcS II1_ systci11 will1 IIIC_t*iI3r_111ci31_.ysl_lllS o[ other IHltii)n_ _llld rllrn_shc_i i;!,_ClltiHI _CFV_t_I_SICa(]_ll_ tl} _ICCLIL'_tIC_llld illliltlrlll

physicul _llld ch¢1111_11in_lsufci11t_111throoghollt the N;tlioll'S s_i_nlilic conlmorlity, illdllSlry,

, _tarldrrds, ;rod data on IIl_ properties of nlat_rials rl_cd_d by industry. ¢O111111¢rcc._d UCUtitlll_]irl_litulit_n!;, _llld _tIvcFlllll_nl_ providc_; udvimr) and _¢sc;tr_h s_rvJ¢¢stll olhcl G_IVCFIIITICIII

;Ig_n¢ics_ dcvchlps, produces, and distribul_ _lallll;Igd R_ICPCIICCMaterials; and providescalibrution services. Th_ I+;d_oramry conslsls _1 _hc hlllowhl B ccnlcrS:

,'_hsohilc physical _uulltltics: -- R:ldlation R¢_i_ardl --Thermodynamics and

Mul_¢ular _ClCllCe:_ Armlyti_al CllCtIli_ilt)' -- Mut_ri;ds SCiCll¢C, t

TIIE NATiONAl, ENGINEI.:rlNG I.AIIORATOIIY prm'idcslcchlloloByand tuchnicalscr-

_.'i¢¢SIO lhc pLIhHC Hlld prLV;ll_ S¢CII)I'_IIO _lddr_s_i flulional iiccds _llld ill SOIv_ ilatil)n_llproblems; conducts research ill cnginc_:rit1_ and applied s¢icr1¢_ in support ol lht_sc ¢llorts;

builds alul i1minl;lins ctlnlpclcnceil_ t11¢ ilCC_ar)' dis¢ipliI1cs required to carry mll fillsrcsc;trcl_ and t¢¢bnic;d scrvlce: dcu:k+ps ¢llginccrin_ data antl nlmlSurt:111¢nl capahililics;

• pr(ividc_ l_r1_.illccrilli_ llIC;l_llr¢llIClll Iracl;_ibilil!,, scrvicc_ d_vch_ps Icsl fl11_thl_tls_irlt] propo_c_*cn_ine_rirlg _l;irldards _111_¢l)_c ch;lll_C_ develops ;uld proposes new Cl+_Plccrirlg pract+¢¢s;_llld dcvr_h)p_;Hllll illlpr<l_¢_ ii1cch_llll_ln'; l_1 Ir;l/l_;lur tusulls ol its rcsc_lfgll io lhcuIliIIIRII_ II_r,

The l.;tbt)ralory ¢orlsisls _ll' lht: Ibllox_hlg ¢_lltCrn:

Applied F'.|_llhI:r11;iIh:s-- Elcctrorlizsand lilcclricullinginaerirlg_-- P-Icchanical

COllSUnlcr Product "rcchnohl_)' -- l"i¢Id Mctll_uls.

Till':INSTI'I'UTE FOR COMPUTEr SCIF,NCES AND TECIINOI.OGY cmldu_t_

r_s_arcb ;ind pmvidc_ scienlil]c and t¢c]lrlic;ll :_1_r '.,i¢__ IO aid F_deral _l_Uliciu_.ill th_ s¢lt_l P)II.

;ll_¢ltli_iliOrl. ;IppJJ_illiOrl, _llld LISt:Ill _orllplllcr l¢_Jlnllh_y Io illlpl'llv¢ cIIct:li'¢CllCSS _l¢ldcol)fleShly irl Govl_rllllll_lll tlpcr;ttiollS in ;IC_ord_lllCt: _ilh Publi_ l.uw _<J-30(_(40 LJ.S.C. 7_9),

rel_vmll l_ucutiv¢ Orders, and other dirt:clivc_: carrics out this missioll by in;lll;tgJllg lhc

Federal hlftlrrnallmlProcassinBSIarldardsProgram. duvdoping l:cd_ndADP stand_mls

Dliddincs,und nlana_in_l:zdcnllparlicip;tlmrlin ADP vohlnt_iry_larldardi.,;ttiona_Uvilics;

prm'idcs sclCrllific and technologicalmlvisory servicesand assist;trl_c to Federalagt:ncies; andprovidc_ IIic technical I'_u/ldalhln For c_m_puLcr-rclatcdp.lici_s ol the l:cdcr:tl('_o;¢rlllll¢llt,The hlstilut_ consiSl_i of the l'olhl_illg cctltcrs:

ProgranllllingS_i_rl_:ealld"P_¢1111olt_By--COlllpolcrSVSlC s g t_riaB.

tnailinpadilrcssW;ishinl_lon,DC 2(12J.I.:S_Irlwdili_iolls _ilhin the _¢nlcr arc h_¢alcdal Ikmldcr. CO _().1113,

! I

-j

_J,i Highway Noise Criteria Study:,_ Traffic Noise Data Base

Daniel R. Flynn, Carl R. Voorhees, __nd Simone L. Yaniv

N_lUomllEngineeringL_lbor_noryNutionnl Bureau or SLand_LrdsW_Lshington,DC 20234

Sllofl_orcu lly

Office or Ilcicutch Environll=¢nlul Dc_isn _nd CofllrolFcdcr_d flishwuy Admini_lr_lienU.S, Ocp_[rlmcllt of Trunsportulio_W_ishJneton. D,C, 08540

'./Curtcnl Alldrc_:RCA Astro Elcclronic_Princc¢on. N.J. 08540

_f.ttT 0_" C,°

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Philip M, Klutznick, Secretary

Luther H,Hodges,Jr,. Deputy SecretaryJorDan a. Baruch. Assistant Secretary for Productivity, Technology. and innovation

NAT'ONAL BUREAUOF STANDARDS,Ernest Ambler, Director

issued April 1980

i,. >;' '=

/r

National Bureau of Standards TechnicalNote 1113-IN_t. Bur. Stand. (U.S.)) Tc_h. Notc I 113.1. I81 pu_cs (Apr. 19_]0)

CODEN: NIITNAE

U,S.GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEWASHINGTON: 1980

For saleby IhcSuperintendentof Oocumcnts,U,S. GovcrnmentPrimk_8Grace,Washington,D,C, 204Q2I)rlcc $8,00

(Add 25 percentfor olher thanU,S, mailinG),

Abstract

1

This report documents a truffle noise data base that was obtained as

part of a large research program developed to identify and quantify the

important physical parameters which affect human response to tlme-varylng

traffic noise and to investigate various procedures for rating such noise

so as to enable reliable predictinns of subjective response to the noise.

Fifteen-mlnute recordings of actual traffic noise were made at four micro-

phone positions (7.5, 15, 30, and 60 m from the eenterllne of the near

lane) at several times of the day at each of seven sites, five representing

nominally constant-speed traffic and two ropresentlng stop-and-go inter-

section traffic. The 107 recordings that resulted were subjected to exten-

sive anslysls. The analysis procedures are described and tables and graphs

are included whlcb document, for each recording, the I/3.octave hand spectra

and numerous noise descriptors computed from the tlme-hlstorles of the A-

weighted sound level. As a separate part of this study, recordings also were

made of the nolss from slngle-vehlcle passbys and from simulated traffic

consisting of controlled drlve-bys of up to ten vehicles. Th_se recordings

also were extensively analyzed and the results of these analyses are given.

ill[

i

/r

I

T,'d)le of Conlcnts

Page

i INTRODUCTION 1

2. ACTUAL-TRAFFIC NOISE RECORDINGS • • , . . . 2

2.1 Recording System .......... 2

_: 2.2 SiteDescription.......... 32.3 Recording Conditions ........ 6

2.4 Data Analysis System ........ 6

2.5 Descriptions of Recordings At_alned ii

l_ 2.5.i Frequency Spectra ...... ll

2.5.2 Time Nis_orles and Ra_ings of A-Welghted Levels iO

_[ B. SIMULATED-TRAFFIC NOISE RECORDINGS ..................... 35

3.i Site Description ......................... 35

3.2 Simulated-Traffic Conditions ................... 35

_] 3.3 Recording Condi_lons ....................... 42

3.4 Description of Recordings At_alned ................ 42

4. DISCUSSION OF NOISE RECOP_DINCS ................... , . • 61

4.1 Actual-Traffic Noise Recordings ................. 61

4.2 Single-Event Noise Rocordlngs ............... 75

5. REFERENCES , ................. , ............ 81

APPENDIX A. DESCRIPTION OF SITES FOR ACTUAL-NIOI_AY NOISE RECORDINGS .... A-I

APPENDIX B. SPECTRA FROM THE ACTUAL-TRAFFIC RECORDINBS ........... B-I

APPENDIX C_ DESCRIPTIONS OF TIIE A-L'EICUTED SOU_,_ LEVELS FOE TNE ACTUAL-

TRAFFIC RECORDINGS ...... , ..... . • . • C-1

APPENDIX D, SELECTION OF TRAFFIC FLOW DENSITIES AND MICROPHONE LOCATIONS

FOR SI}IULATED-TRAFFIC NOISE RECORDINGS ..... D-l

APPENDIX E. DESCRIPTORS OF THE A-WEIGHTED SOUND LEVELS FOR THE SIMULATED-

TRAFFIC FrULTIPLE-VENICLE RECORDINGS ....... E-I

APPENDIX F. DESCRIPTORS OF THE A-WEIGHTED SOUND LEVELS FOR THE SIF_LATSD-

TRAFFIC SINGLE-VEHICLE RECORDINGS ......... F-I

APPENDIX G, TIME HISTORIES OF TNE A-WEIGI|TED LEVELS FOR THE SIMULATED

TRAFFEC SINSLE-irEd{ICLE PASSBYS ............ g-i

APPENDIX H. SOUND EXPOSURE LEVEL SPECTRA FOE _TE SIF[ULATED-TRAFFIC SINGLE-

VEHICLE PASSBYS ................... H-I

APPENDIX I. PREDICTION OF NOISE DESCRIPTORS FOR DUBBED TAPES ........ I-1

iv

Lht of Tahlm

Page

Table i. Description of sites used for recordings of actual traffic sounds . • 5

Table 2. Sites, dates, times, and traffic speeds for actual-_rafflc noise

recordings, , . , , o ° . , , , , , ° . , , . ° o . , . , , ° , ° , • 7

Table 3. Traffic flow rates and mixes for actual - traffle noise recordings. 8

Tabl_ 4. Iden_iflca_ion of recordings sessions and mlc_ophotle positions for

which sample data are presented in the body of this report. • 12

Table 5. i/3-octave band spectra for the C0HSAT site, 15 dune 1977, 1510 hrs.,

15 m mlcrophono, recording duration of 13.3 mln ........ 13

Table 6. 1/3 - Octave band spectra for the RT, 28 s_te, 17 Jui1e 1977, 1600 hrs.

15 m microphone, recording duration of 14.3 mln ....... 15

Table 7. I/3-octave band spectra for the CUbE DR. alte, 16 dune 1977, 1600 hrs.

15 m mlerophone, recorddng duration of 14.5 mln. , , .... 17

Tshls 8, 1/3- octave hasd spectra for the 355 and Q. o. RD. site, 24 June 1977,

1600 hrs., 15 m microphone, recording duration of 14.2 min.. 19

Table 9. DeflnZtlons of various descriptors, or ratings, of the A-welgbed soundlevel ..... , ............. , • • • , • • * ° 25

Table 10. Identlflcatlon of reeordlng sessions and mlcrophone positions for

which sample data are presented in the body of this report.. 26

Table iI, Nols_ descriptors _t 30 second intervals - COMSAT sltej 15 June 1977,

1510 hrs., 15 m mieruphone ....... , • 27

Table 12. Noise descriptors at 30 second intervals - RD. 28 site, 17 June 1977,

1600 hrs. 15 m microphone .... , .... 29

Table 13, Noise descriptors =t 30 second intervals - GUDE DR. site, 16 dune 1977,

1600 hrs., 15 m microphone ....... 31

Table 14. Noise des_rlptors at 30 second intervals - 3_5 and Q, 0. RD. site, 24

June 1977, 1600 hrs, 15 m . • • 33

Table 15, Identification of automobiles used for simulated -traffl= noise

recordings ........... 37

Table 16. Identification of trucks and bus used for simulated - _rafflc noise

recordings ........... 38

Table 17. Configurations of "automobiles and saps" for multiple - vehicle

passbys. , , • * • , , . • • , 39

Table 18, Configurations of vehlcles used for recording noise from simulatedintersection _raffio ......... 61

v

/'L

L

. Page

I_ Table 19. Noise descriptors for a simulated traffic multiple Eventof lO automobiIQs at 88 _/hr flow rate of 1500 vehicles

per bout, 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 m microphones ........ 48

Table 20. Noise descriptors for a simulated traffic multiple event of

i0 automobiles at 56 km/hr at a flow rate of 660 vehicles

per hour, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 m mlerophones ......... 49

9 Table 21. Noise descriptor for a s_mulated traffic multiple event of

7 automobiles with 3 gaps (after the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th

vehicles) at a speed of 56 km/hr and flow rate of 660

vehicles per hour, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 m microphone ..... 50

Table 22. Noise descriptors for a simulated traffic multiple event

"stop-and-got' passby of 7 automobiles and 3 trucks with

an initial speed of 56 _un/hr and flow rate of 300 vehicles

per hour, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 m mlerophones ......... 51

Table 23. Noise descriptors for a simulated traffic single event

passby of automobile No. 7 at 56 km/hr 7.5, 15, 30 and

60 m microphone ...................... 56

Table 24° Noise descriptors for a slmulated traffic single event

"stop-and-go" passby of automobile No. 7 with an lnltlal

speed of 56 _m/hr, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 m mlerophonQs .... 57

Table 25. Noise descriptors for a s_mulated traffic single event

"stop-and-go" passby of truck No. 4 wi=h an initial speed

of 56 km/hr; 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 m microphones ....... 58

Table 26. Summary of traffic conditions for actual-traffim noise

recordings ........................ 61

Table 27. Summary of six of the descriptors of the A-weighted sound

levels for the actual-trafflc noise recordings ....... 63

Table 28. Deviations, in decibels, between observed and predicted

values of LEQ nnd S_G for constant-speed traffic ...... 70

Table 29. Summary of gEL values and "i0 dB down ttmes" for single-

vehicle passbys at nominally 88 _/hr (55 mph) ....... 76

Table 30. Summary of gEL values and "10 dg down times" for single-

vehicle passbys at 56 l_/hr (35 mph) ............ 77

Table 31. Summary of SEL values and "i0 dB down times" for single-

vehicle "stop-and-go" passbys ............... 78

vi

List of FigmvsPage

Figure i. Instrumentation system used in t]l_ analysis of the aetual-erafflenoise recordings ...... . .................. 9

Figure 2. I/3-octave band LEQ, LI, LI0, and LbO spectra for the COMSAT

site, 15 June 1977, 1510 hrs., 15 m microphone, recording

duration of 13.3 mln ....................... 14

Figure 3. I/3-oetave band LEQ, L1, LIO, and LbO spectra for the RT. 28 site,

17 June 1977, 1600 hrs., 15 m microphone, reeordlng duraclon of

14.3 mln........ , ........... , ..... , . . 16

F_gure 4, 1/3-octave band LEQ, LI, LIO, and L50 spectra for the GUDE DR.

site, 16 June 1977, 1600 hrs., 15 m mlcrophose, reeordlngduration of 14.5 m_n ........ . .............. 18

Figure 5. i/3-oetave band LEQ, LI, LlO, and LbC spectre for the 355 and

Q. O. RD. site, 24 June 1977, 1600 hrs., 15 m microphone,

recording duratlon of 14.2 mln .... , ............. 20

Fisure 6. A-welghted sound pressure level rlm_ history for the COMSAT sle_,

15 June 1977, 1510 hrs,, 15 m mlerophol_e. The paper speed was

I mm/s. The r_sponse was controlled by the sound level meter.

set for "fast" response (secp. 10) . . . , ......... , • • 21

Figure Y. A-welghted sound pressure level tlme history for tile RT. 28 slge_

17 June 1977, 1600 hrs., 15 m microphone.. , ........... 22

Figure 8. A-welghted sound pressure level tlme history for the GUDE DR.

slit, 16 June 1977, 1600 hrs., 15 m microphone ...... . .... 23

F_gure 9. A-weishced sound pressure level tlme hlstory for the 555 a,d

Q. 0. RD. site, 24 June 1977, 1600 hrs., 15 m mlerophone ...... 24

Figure i0. Cumulatlvo probab111_y dlstr_butlon of A-weighted sound pressur_

levels for the C0blSAT site, 15 June 1977, 1510 hrs., 15 m

microphone. . , . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . , . . . . , • . 28

Figure Ii. Cumulative probabtllt y distribution of A-welghted sound pressure

levels for the RT. 28 site, 17 June 1977. 1600 hrs., 15 m

mlcrophono........................... , . 30

Figure it. Cumulative probability dlsrrlhutlon of A-weIshted sound pressure

levels for the 0UDE DR. site, 16 June 1977, 1600 hrs., 15 m

microphone, .... . ........ , .............. 32

Figure 13. Cumulaglve probahillty dlstrlbutlon of A-welgheed sound pressure

levels for tile 355 and Q. o. RD. site, 2_ June 1977, 1600 hrs.,

15 m microphone. . . . ........ . ............. 34

vii

Pago

Figure 14. Photograph of slmulated-graffic showing slngle-event passhy

of a truck and the 7.5 m microphone ................ 36

Figure 15. Photograph of slmulated-trafflc showing a multiple event,

"stop-and-go" passby and the 15 m and 30 m microphones ...... 36

I_ Figure 16. A-weighted sound pressure level hisgory fer a simulated traffic

I multiple event passb y of l0 automobiles at a speed of 56 km/hrand flow rate of 1500 vehicles per hour, 15 m microphone ..... 43

Figure 17, A-welghted sound pressure level time hlstery for a simulated

traffic multiple event passby of 10 autemobiles at a speed of

56 km/hr a.d flew rate of 660 vehicles per hour, 15 m microphone . 43

Figure 18. A-welghted sound pressure level time history for a simulated

traffic multiple event passhy of 7 automobiles with 3 gaps

(after peaks 2, 3, and 5) at a speed of 56 km/hr and flow rate

of 660 vehicles per hour, 15 m microphone ............. 44

Figure 19. A-welghted sound pressure level time history for a simulated

traffic multiple event "stop-and-go" passhy ef 7 automobiles and

3 trucks wlth an initial speed of 56 km/hr and flew rate of 300

vehicles per hour, 15 m microphone ...... . ......... 44

Figure 20. Cumulative probabil_ty dlstrlhutlen of A-weighted sound pressure

levels for a simulated traffic multiple event of i0 automobiles

at 88 km/hr at a flow rate of 300 vehicles per hour, 15 m

mlcrephonc. • • • • • , ..................... 52

Figure gl. Cumulative probability distribution of A-welghted sound pressure

levels for a simulated traffic multiple event of i0 automebiles

at 88 km/hr at a flow rate of lg00 vehicles per heur, 15 m

mlcrophene ....... , .................... 53

Figure 22. Cumulative probability distributlen of A-welghted sound pressure

levels for a simulated traffic multiple event of 10 automobiles

at 88 km/hr at a flow rate of 300 vehicles per hotlr, 15 m

microphone .................... . ....... 54

Figure 23. Cumulatlve probability distribution of A-welghted sound pressure

levels for a simulated traffic multiple event "stop-and-go"

passhy of 7 automobiles and 3 trucks with an initial speed of

56 km/hr and flew rate of 300 vehicles per hour, 15 m microphone. 55

Figure 24. A-welghted sound pressure level tlsc history for a simulated

traffic single event passby of automobile No. 7 at 56 km/hr. 15 m

microphone ............................ 59

Figure 25. A-weighted sound pressure level time history for a simulated

traffic single event "stop-and-go" passby ef automobile No. 7

with an initial speed of 56 km/hr, 15 m mlcrephone ........ 59

Figure 26. A-wclght_d sound pressure level time history for a slmulated

traffic single event "stop-and-go" passby of truck Ne. 4 wlth an

initial speed of 56 km/hr, 15 m microphone ............ 60

viii

Page

Figure 27. Variation of observed values of LEQ, LEQP, and LB with distance

for Interstate and secondary highways and for intersections° The

solid s)nnbols represent the average ratings over all recordings

at all sites of a given type. The error bars represent the ranges

of the ratings.. , , .................... , . • 64

Figure 28. Variation of observed values of LIO and LNP with dlsta.ce for

Interstate and secondary highways and for intersections. . . 65

Figure 29. Variation of observed values of TNI with distance for Incerstate

and secondary highways and for intersections... . . , . . . 66

Figure 30, Variation. with distance, of averages of observed values of LEQ,

LEQP, LB, LI0, LNP. and TNI. ° ....... o ....... 67

Figure 31. Comparison of average observed (data points) and predicted (solid

lines) v_lues of LEQ for the three Interstate highway sites. 71

Figure 32. Comparison of average observed (data points) and predicted (solid

lines) values of LEQ for the secondary road sites ...... 72

Figure 33. Comparison of _verage observed (data points) and predicted (solid

lines) values of SIG for the three Interstate highway sites. 73

Figure 34. Comparison of average observed (data points) and predicted (solid

lines) values of gIG for ghe two secondary road sites .... 74

Figure 35. Variation of observed values of SEL with distance for the three

passby conditions used for the single-event recordings. The

triangles represent _he aversge values and the error bars represent

the range of values for the four trucks that were gested. The circles

represent the average values for the ten automobiles that were tested

n_d the error bars represent the r_nge of average values for the

three models of automobiles .................... 79

Figure 36. Variation of observed values of the 1O dg down time with dls_snc_

for the three psssby cosdicions used for the slngle-even_ recordings.

The symbols have the same meanings as in Fig. 35 .... , ..... gO

1. Introduction i

The data base documented in thls report was obtained as part of a larger

research program [i]_ / having the following main objectives:

I o to identify and quantify important physical parameters which affecthuman response to tlme-varying traffic noise associated wlth varying

densities of both free-flowing blghway traffic and stop-and-go traffic;

o Eo investigate and compare various measures and computational procedures

for rating time-varying traffic noise and to investigate which method

(or methods) best predicts the subjective rospons_ of people to the

noise from various types of traffic situations;

© to develop, if necessary, improved procedures for rating time-varying

traffic noise in terms of measurable parameters of the noise;

o co formulate procedures by which the most useful of the above rating

procedures may be related to other commonly used environmental noise

descripKors,

In the course of this study, a number of analog tape recordings were made of thenoise from actual and simulated traffic. These recordings were intended to:

(1) provide a library of stimulus material for use in the

psychoaeoustic experiments in thls study, and

(2) provide information that will assist in characterizing noise signa-

tureE for single-vehicle passbys so as to select appropriate

parameters for use An generating synthesized slngle-vehlcla noise

signatures tn be used as SC_Mlulus material |n nne of the psy_honcolIstle

experiments in this study.

In order to assist in selection of appropriate stimuli for future psycboacoustlc

experiments, these tapes were subjected to extensive analyses, including computation of

many different descriptors, or ratings, of the noise recorded on the tapes. This

roper= documents the results of these analyses_ as wall as traffic and site

parameters corresponding to each recording. The actual-trafflc noise recordings

are dlseussed in Section 2 and the simulated-trafflc noise recordings are describedin Section 3.

l/ Numbers in square brackets indicate the references in Section 5 of this report,

...4+ .

2. Actual-Traffic Noise RecordingsJ

ij_ Analog tape recordingswere made (iftilesound of actualhighwaytraffic,!_ under eithe_ constant-speedor stop-and-goconditions,at varioustimesof day_! at each of seven sites,

• 1 RL_o.li.g Sys_maL

An array of four microphoneswas used,each microphonebeing 1.2 m above thea

ground at the microphone location. For measurements along highways, with

constant-speed traffic, the four microphones were located 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 m,

' respectively, from the center of the nearest lane and along a line perpendicular

to the highway. For measurements at intersections, the four microphones were

located, at the same distances, along a llne bisecting the angle formed by the

two highways. Additional information on microphone locations is given in Appendix A.

grHel and gJaer ( B & K) Type 4165 "i/2-inch" back-vented microphone oartrldges

wore used, each fitted with a standard protection grid, a desslcant dehumidifier to

control humitlqity in the microphone cavity, and a 10-cm diameter polyurethane foam

windscreen._ I Each microphone car=ridge was used in conjunction with a B & K Type 2619

from each microphone was transmitted via coaxial cable to a precision sound level

meter (B g K Type 2203, 2209, 2606, or equivalent), used for signal conditioning,

and then to one channel of a instrumentatlon-grade tape recorder (Nagra Model 1V-g

or IV-SJ) which was operated at a tape speed of 38 cm/s (15 in,/s),

The dynamle range of each instrument was determined and gain settings were

established to obtain the maximum dynamic range of the recording system, so as to

achieve the minimum electrical noise floor and maximum freedom from signal

distortion and clipping. In addition, the overall frequency response for each

channel of the recording system was measured and, where necessary, the tape

recorder settings (bias and equalization) were adjusted to achieve the flattest

frequency response for the particular type of recording tape tbat was used. After

ehe completion of a given series of recordings, the performance of tbe recording

system was again checked in the laboratory.

_%en the instrumentation was first set up in the field, a "dummy microphone"

(which is not sensitive acoustically and whlcb has an electrical impedance similar to

chat of a real mleropbone) was installed in place of the actual mlcrophonep the

overall voltage lev_l was noted, and a tape recording of the e]ectrical backgroundnoise was made.[ /

I_/ Commercial instruments and products are identified in this report in order to

specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification

imply recommendation or endorsement by tile National Bureau of Standards, nor does it

imply that the equipment identified is necessarily tbe best available for tbe purpose,

_/ This procedure was followed to assist in ascertaining proper functioning of the

instrumentation. T n _]ectrical noise thus recorded _as always less than the acousKicbackground noise,

g

After each dummy microphone was replaced by an actual microphone, a B & KModel 4220 plstonphone, which produces an accurately-kno_l sound pressure level,

re 20 _Pa. of 124 dB at 250 IIz, was fitted over the microphone and activated, Thevoltage gain in the sound level meter was then adjusted until the sound level

meter re_d the correct level. A 30-s recording was then made of the signsl from

the pistonphona.

After these procedsres were completed and at the heglsnlng of each subsequent

- - tape, a 30-s recording was made of tbe signal produced by a B & K Type 4230 sound

level calibrator, which produces a nominal sound pressure bevel, re 20 _Pa, of 94 dB

a= 100O Ill.X/The calibrator signal level, relative to that of the plstonphone, was

read from the sound level meter and noted _n the logbook, where the sound level meter

settings for the calibration recordings were also noted.

After at least one calibration tone had been recorded for each microphone

channel, the sound level meter attenuator settings were adjusted to the values

appropriate for the traffic noise to be recorded and the recordings of actual

highway traffic noise were made on the remainder (correspondh*g to approximately

15 mln.) of the tape. During a recording session, channels were sequantlally

monitored -- acoustically via earphones and visually vl_ recording level meters.

During the audio recordings of real traffic noise, video recordings of all

traffic were made to allow later traffla counts and classlflcntlon to be made (see

Section 2,3), In addition, Doppler radar measurements were made of vehicle speeds,

in both directions, at the sites where traffic was flowlng at a nominally constant

speed (see Section 2.3).

• 2 $i_ Dme_Igiol*

Recordings of _raffic noise were mnde at seven s_es, five representing

constant-speed conditions and two representln_, intersections, All sites wore

selected with the following general criterla_ _ in mind:

propagation over gr_ss

¢ essentially level terrain beside highway

= essentially no bills or curves on hlgbway

o no barriers between highway and microphone locations

In selecting the particular sites, these general criteria were In_erpr0ted as

_ollows..fYh=r9 were no bills that would require trucks to d0wnshlft or to lose

speed while going uphill. There were no curves that would result in tire squeal

at normal hlghway speeds and, speclflcally, no curves of less tban 300 m radius. Sites

were selected where tile ground elevation at the 60-m microphone location was wlthln

plus 3 m or minus I m of the highway elevation at the center of tbe nearest lane and,

further, where a length of highway of at leas_ 300 m was visible from a posltion 0.6 m

above _be ground at all four microphone locations.

_/ The Model 4220 plstonpbone has tighter level specifications and hence was used,

rather than the Model 4230 calibrator, in setting the gain of each sound level

meter. System calibration at two frequencies provided some field check of the

Frequency response of the system, over a limited, but for traffic noise, critical,

frequency range.

_/ Estahllsbed by NBS staff, w_th concurrence by FIIWA staff.

The sites representing constant-speed traffic conditions were selected in order

to cover a ra0ge of traffic densities (from quite light to near-capaclty)_ a rnnge

of traffic speed limits (48-88 km/hr), a range of highway sizes (two- to elght-lnne),

nnd a range of values for the proportion of tmlck traffic. The eltes near

intersections were selected to represent a range of traffic densities and a range of

values for the proportion of truck traffic, The seven sites that were used aredescribed below.

Constant-Speed Traffic

"COMSAT" -- Recordings were taken on the grounds of the COMSAT Laboratories on

the northeast side of Interstate 270 _n Montgomery County,

Maryland, At thls location Interstate 270 is a four-lane divided

asphalt concrete highway with a grass median. The speed limit is

88 km/ht and there is relatively little truck traffic.

"195" -- Recordings were taken along the northwest side of Interstate 95,

between the intersections wlth Maryland Routes 32 and 175, in

Howard County. _ryland. At thls location Interstate 95 is a

elght-lane divided cement highway wlth a grass median. The speed

limit Is 88 km/hr and there is consldetahle truck traffic alon S

this major highway connecting Washington, D. C., and Baltimore, Md.

"B-I_ PRWY" -- Recordings were taken along the southeast side of the

Baltlmore-Washlngton Parkway, midway between the _nterseetlons

wlth Maryland Routes 32 and 198, _n Anne Azundel County, _Mryland.

At this iocatlnn the _altimore-Washlngton Parkway is a four-lane

divided asphalt concrete highway wit]* a wooded median. The speed

limit is 8S I_m/hr and no trucks are permitted.

"RT. 28" -- Recordings were taken on the grounds of the National Oaographlc; Society on the north side of Maryland Route 28 in ._Iontgomery

County, Maryland. At this location Route 28 is a dual-lane

asphalt concrete road, The speed limit changes from 48 to

64 km/hr near this site and there is relatively little trucktraffic.

"GUDE DR." -- Recordings were taken along the south side of Cude Drive, across

from the entrance to the Gude Nursery. approximately 1 tulle east

of bMryland Route 355, in Montgomery Country, Maryland. At this

location Oude Drive is a dual-lane asphalt concrete road. The

speed limit is 64 ka/hr and there is heavy dump truck traffic

during the daytime.

_nt ersectioN8

"355 & SHADY GR." -- Recordings were taken on the north slde of the intersectlon

of Shady grove Road and Haryland Route 355 in Hontgomery County.

Maryland. At the time the recordings were made Shady Grove Roadwas a four-lane road and Route 355 was a dual-lane road with extra

turn lanes. Roth roads are asphalt concrete. The speed limit on

Shady grove Road is g4 km/hr while that on Route 355 changes from

48 to 64 km/hr near this site. There is moderately heavy truck

traffic. Traffic flow is controlled by a traffic llght.

"355 & Q.O. RD." -- Recordings were taken on the south side of the Intersettlon

of Quince Orchard Road and }_ryland Route 355 in Oalthersburg

(Montgomery County), Haryland. Roth roads are four-lane divided

asphalt concrete with extra turn lanes. The speed limit on Quince

Orchard Road is 56 km/ht while that on Route 355 changes from

48 to 56 km/hr near th_ s_te. There is light truck traffic.

Traffdc flow is controlled by a traffic light.

The descriptions of these sites and of the assoedated traffic flow are

summarized in Table I. Photographs and plan views indicating roadway geometry and

mlerophone orlentatlon for each of the seven sites are provided in Appendix A.

Table i. Description of sites used for recordings of actual traffic sounds.

Site Type of Highway Truck Traffic Speed Limit,km/hr

COHSAT Four-Lane Interstate L/ght 88

195 glght-Lane Interstate Fairly Peary 8g

g-_ pKWY Four-Lane Parkway None 88

RT, 28 Dual-Lane Road Light 48-64 (see Lext)

GUDE DR. Dual-Lane Road Heavy 64

35S & Interaectlon of Four-Lane Hoderate Controlled hy

SHADY GR. and Dual-Lane Roads traffle light

3_5 & Intereeetlon of Two Light Controlled byQ.O. RD. Four-Lane Roads trafflc light

5

}

2.3 R_nihlg C,,wlitlmm

All recordin&s of actual traffic noise were started between the hours of 1300 and1700 on weekdays during the period 13-54 June 1977. At the times of r_cording, theai_ temperature was between 21 and 29°C, there was no precipitation, and the roadsurfaces were dry, _ind speeds were low, less than 4 m/s, except for occasional_usts to fi-8m/s on 17 and 21 June.

The tImes at which recordings w_re initiated at the various Aires are shown in

._ Table 2. Also shown in this table, for _he five sites where there was essentiallyconstant-speed traffic, are the average traffic speeds, and the standard deviationsand ranges of thos_ speeds, in each direction during aamb recording session. For thetwo Interstate highways and the Baltinnra-_ashington Parkway, these statistics are

i based upon approximately 100 veblele speed measurements in each dlrection, t For thelighter tra£flc flows on RT. 28 and GUDE DR., between 36 and g9 vehicle spe_ds _eremeasured, in a siren direction, during a recordlng session, No traffic speedmeasuremencs were _ade at the two sites where there was stop-and-0o traffic.

As indicated at the end of Section 2,1, continuous video recordings of traffic

flow were made durlng each recording session. Each video tape was analyzed, byvisual inspection, to determine the number of automoh_le_, medium trucks, and heavytrucks travelin_ in each direction over the duration of the corresponding traffic noiserecording. These data are presented in Table 3. For purposes of elasslflcatlon, the

i three vehicle categories were defined as follows: 2

Automobiles - all 2-axle, 4-tlr_ vehicles

Medium trucks - all 2-axle, 6-tire vehicles plus all buses nnd motorcycles

Heavy trucks - all vehicles with three or more axles

For the two sites at which there was stop-and-go intersection trnffle, the"near-side" data in Table 3 correspond to the sum of traffic flows in the near lanes

of both highways while the"far-slde" data are for the far lanes of both highways,The traffic counts at these two sites are described in more detail in Appendix A,

A block die&ram of the data analysis system is shown in Fi_. 1. _ach tape wasanalyzed, one channel at a time, to obtain a graphlc plot and digital records ofsound p_essur_ levels vers_8 time.

I In two cases the number of vehicles measured was 6g and 74, respectively.In all other cases, more than 83 vehicles were measured,

2 An "automobile" pulling a trailer was classified as an "automobile".A'%ob-tailed"tractor (i,e., a tractor that was not pulling a trailer) wasclassified as a "medium truck" if it had two axles and as a "heavy truck"if it had three axles.

6

Table 2. Sites, dates, times, and traffic speeds

for actual-trafflc noise recordings.

Vehicle Speed, km/hr

Near-Side Far-Side

Time of Standard Standard

Site Date(a Initiation Av_. Deviation Range Av_. Deviation Range

COMSAT 15 1510 92 5 74-103 92 8 74-117

15 1600 92 6 77-106 93 8 74-111

15 1700 85 6 68-101 92 8 72-109

195 23 1400 89 6 56-105 93 8 76-108

23 1500 92 6 72-113 92 8 74-114

23 1600 93 6 79-114 93 8 69-113

23 1700 92 6 69-105 93 6 72-114

B-W FKWY 20(c) 1420 90 6 79-111 85 8 71-114

20(c) 1500 89 6 72-i06 85 8 69-113

21(b,e) 1515 90 8 71-121 87 6 71-101

21(h,c) 1600 90 6 69-108 87 8 69-105

21(b,c) 1700 89 6 72-i11 87 6 71-106

RT, 28 17(5) 1300 69 6 60-89 69 8 55-88

17(5) 1415 71 8 55-89 69 i0 47-85

17(5) 1500 71 i0 42-84 69 8 47-85

17(b) 1600 69 6 50-84 66 6 56-85

_UDE DR. 16 1400 64 6 40-80 63 8 39-79

16 1500 66 6 48-80 63 6 51-80

16 1600 66 S 48-92 61 10 40-93

16 1700 66 6 50-85 63 8 40-92

355& 22 1400 - -

_}_DY OR, 22 1500

22 1600 - -

22 1700 - -

)55& 24 1445 - -

_.O. RD. 24 1515 - -24 1600 - - -

24 1700 - -

aA1] dates correspond to a calendar day in Juno 1977.

ben these dates, there were occasional wind gusts up to 6-8 m/s; on all other

dates, wlsd speeds were lass than 4 m/s.

CFor these runs, no _ecordlngs were made wit]* _ microphone at 60 m since the

site was heavily wooded beyond about 40 m.

Table 3, Traffic flow rates and mixes for actual-traffic noise recordings,

Vehicle Mix

! _ Near-Side Far-Side

Total b % Z % ?oral b % % %

Time of Traffic Auto- Hedlum Heavy rraffle Auto- Medium HeavySite Date a Initiation Rate mobiles Trucks Trucks Rate _obiles rrueks Trucks

COHSAT 15 1510 1040 87,2 2.9 9,9 950 89.2 2,7 8,1

15 1600 2010 93,2 1,2 5,6 880 92,8 I,I 6,1

15 1700 3340 96,0 1,7 2,3 820 91,2 3,4 5,4

195 23 1400 1280 77,1 6,6 16.3 1580 77,5 7.6 14,9

23 1500 1420 85,8 4,8 9,3 1700 78,9 7,6 13,5

23 1600 1490 88,3 4,5 7,3 2110 86,4 4,0 9,7

23 1700 1710 88,4 3,1 8,5 2620 88,6 4,0 7,4

B-W PKWY 20 1420 970 98,2 1,4 0.5 1220 98,2 1,1 0,7

20 1500 1140 98,6 i,i 0,4 1400 97,7 1,7 0,6

21 1515 1340 97,0 3,0 0,0 1490 99,1 0,9 0,0

21 1600 1860 98,0 1,5 0,4 1880 98,1 1,5 0,4

21 1700 2200 98,9 0,7 0,4 1730 98,1 1,4 0,5

RT, 28 17 1300 350 96,0 1,3 2,7 310 88,2 10,3 1,5

17 1415 390 90,7 7,2 2.1 370 93,3 5,6 i,i

17 1500 350 95,6 2,2 2,2 360 93,6 4,3 2,1

17 1600 620 96,2 1,9 1.9 510 89,1 8,5 2,3

GUDE DR, 16 1400 550 86,0 5,0 9.1 480 89,6 3,8 6,6

16 ].500 510 84,0 9,6 6,4 570 84,4 2,8 12,8

16 1600 600 89,2 2,7 8.1 710 88,1 8,5 3,4

16 1700 590 92,4 1,4 6,2 840 94.6 4,4 1,0

355 & 22 1400 1180 87,6 7,8 4.5 1580 88,5 5,6 5,8

SHADY GR, c 22 1500 1070 88,5 4,9 6.7 1750 89,3 6,4 4,3

22 1600 1320 92,1 4,3 3,6 2360 91,6 5,6 2,7

22 1700 1270 94,7 3,8 1.6 2990 97,6 1,5 0,9

365 & 24 1445 1900 93,7 4,6 1.6 1190 94,1 4,0 1,8

Q,O, RD, c 24 1515 1950 93,4 4,9 1,7 1370 90,6 6,1 3,3

24 1600 2510 95,8 3,1 i,I 1580 94.6 3,3 2,0

24 1700 3650 98,8 1,2 0,0 1730 96,7 2,8 0.5

aAll dates correspond to a calendar day in June 1977.

bTotal vehicles per hour, computed from the observed traffic rates over the duration of

eachnoise recording.

c See Appendix A for more detail on traffic counts at these in_erseotlons.

8

_,_i,__:__,ii_

I _ _ AUDIO

_ AMPLrFIER j -I--_ MONITOR

_SOUNDLEVELI . GRAPHIC ]METER I LEVELOECODDED

EVENT _._MARKER

RECORDER ANALYZER COMPUTERI -I RECORDEDI

_EMOTE ,11TEAM]HAL

Figure I. Instrumentation sysLem usnd in the analys£s of Che actual-trn_flcnolse recordln_s,

To obtain graphic plots of the A-weighted sound level, the electrical signal

from the tape recorder was fed into a precision sound level meter, sot for _'fast_

A-weighted response, whlcb meets the Type I requirements of the American NationalStandard Spectfleatlon for Sound level Neters (ANSI $1.4-1971), The detected

(root-mean-square) output from the sound level meter was input to a B & K Type2305 graphic level recorder, set for DO response and having a writing speed suffl-clearly fast to enable the pen to follow closely the signal from the sound level

i - 1 meter. In this way the effective averaging time of the system was that of the

sound level meter rather than belng controlled by tbe less-well-deflned eharact_r-

istles of the graphic level recorder. A 50 dB logarltbmlc potentlometer, 50 mm

chart paper, and a Writing speed of 1 _/s wore utilized. For each r=cordlng

analyzed, tbe system gain was adjusted to obtain the correct pen posi=ion for

the eallhration tone that had been placed on the magnetic tape.

To obtain digital records of sound pressure levels, the signal from the tapsRecorder also was fed to a General Radio Hodel 1921 real-tlme i/3-oe_ave band

analyzer where tbe signal was analyzed as A-welghted levels and in onc-thlrd octave

bands havlng center frequencies from 25 Hz to 16 kHz. Thls analyzer utilizes "true'*

dnt_gratlon; i.e., energy-averaged levels over a specified integration time are

obtslned. For the present analysis the integration tlme was 0,1 s. Outpnts from

the analyzer, in the form of dlgitally-coded sound pressure levels, were sent on

demand (every 0.i s) to a minicomputer for format and storage on a dlgltal tape

recorder. A remote ¢RT terminal was used to input calibration data and gain settings

as well as to initiate and terminate the digitizing process. The i/3-octave band

filters in this analyzer are specified to conform _o tbe Class III (higb attenuation)

tolerances of the Amerlean National Standard Specification for Octave, Half-Octave,

and Third-Octave Band Fdlter Sets (SI, 11-1966 (R1971)). The A-we_gbtlng filter

response conforms to the Type I requirements of ANSI $1.4-1971.

While the graphlc recording and the digital tape were beillg generated, the

operator monitored the audio reeordlng using a higb-fldellty loudspeaker. Whenever

an extraneous noise, e,S,, barns blowing or someone shoutl_g, was beard, the

operator activated an event marker whlcb placed a "splke" on tile graphic level

record. Actlv_tlon of the event marker also input, through a summing amplifier,

a 25Hz tone to the real-tlme al_alyzer.

• The digital tapes were processed on tbe NBS central computer facility. The

digital tapes were manually edl_ed to remove any questionable runs and som_ duplicate

runs. The computer was programmed to search for the 25-Hz tone (event marker) and

to delete all data for the prevlous 5 s (the del_y was to allow for operator

reactlon time). The edited digital data were then used to Implement analysis to

each analog recording usdng a number of different noise descriptors.

Since most studies of hlghway nois_ }*ave utilized exponen_ially-averaged, rather

than true moan-square averaged, data, the levels sampled every O.i s we_e

exponentially smoothed to obtain data corresponding closely to tbe levels that would

have been obtalsed uslns a precision sound level meter set for fast response. Those

exponentially-smoothed data were used for computing all of the descriptors, other

than long-term average sound level, lls_ed i_ Sections 2.5 and 3.4. Long-term

average sound pressure levels, A-welghted and in I/3-octav¢ |lands, were computed

directly fro;. the 0,l-s average lev01s obtained from the renl-tJme analyzer,

I0

• 5 D_c_pfiol_ of Rc_onli.gs Atmi._]

All of the recordings, corresponding to the dates and times in Tables 2 and 3,

1_ere analyzed ns described below. Note that the bnckgrolmd noise due to wind may

have been higher on 17 and 21 June than on the other dates (sea footnote (b) in Table2).

2,5.1 Frequency Spectra

IUsing the exponentlally-smoothed_dlgltlzed l/3-octave band sound pressure levels (see

the last paragraph of Section 2.4) over the frequency range 50 _z to I0 kHz, tlme-averag_d I8pee_ra were computed corresponding to the following quantities (see also p. 25):

LlO --

LX is the band sound pressure level, re 20 UPs. in doeibels,

LSO -- that was exceeded X percent of the ti_le.

L90 --

L99 --

LEQ -- The average band sound pressure level, also known as _he equivalent

band sound pressure level, defined as the level, re 20 _Pa, in

decibels, of the mean-squared h_nd sound pressure durlng the stated

time period.

The spectra were computed for the entire duration (typically 12 to 15 minutes) of

each recording (excluding those portions that were deleted due to the presence of

extraneous noise such as £hat due to birds, alrcrafC, or voices).

Spectra corresponding to each of the above six quantities were computdd for the

recordings at esch of the four microphone locations (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 m) for each

of the twenty-e_ght recording sessions llsted in Table 2 except at the B-N PKNY

site where only three microphones were used (the 60-m microphone was not used due to

the wooded boundary of the site). Thus, 107 recordings were analyzed for a focal of

642 i/3-octave band spectra, Tabulated values of the six spectra for each recordln_

were generated by the computer, In addition, computer-generated plots of the LI,

LlO. LS0, and LEQ speecra were produced for each recording° A copy of each o£ these

tables and plots is included in AppendS× B. Tables and plots corresponding to _herecording sesslons and microphone positions given in Table 4 are included in Tables 5

throogh 8 and Figs. g through 5 to illustrate the format and the differences amongthe six types of spectra:

1The symbols LI, LlO, .., LEQ are used in this report rather than the usual sub-

sgrlpted symbols, LI. L1 , ... in order to be eonsls_ent with the symbolsin computer-generated ta_les. Leq'

1 nJ

J

Table 4. Identification of recording sessions and microphone positionsfor which sample data are presented in the body of this report.

Table/Figure Site Date Time of Microphone

Initiation Location

5/2 COMSAT 6/15/77 1510 15 m

• 6/3 RT, 28 6/17/77 1600 15 m

7/4 GUDE DR. 6/16/77 1680 15 m

8/5 355 & 6/24/77 1600 15 m

q.O. PJ_.

The occurrence of ".0 " in these data tables indicates that the level for that

frequency band were below =he (electrical or acoustical) background noise level.

Such data are omitted from the corresponding plots.

2.5.2 Tlme Histories and Ratings of A-Welghted Levels

Graphic plots of A-weighted sound pressure level, re 20 pPn, versus time were

produced dlrectly, as described in Section 2.4, for each of the 107 recordings of

actual highway noise. These plots were produced primarily to aid in monitoring

during data reduction. However= for illustrative purposes, tbn A-wn_gh_ed sound

level time-hlstory plots corresponding to the data presented in Figs. 2 through 5

are presented in Figs. 6 through 9.

Using the exponentially-smoothed digitized A-waigbted sound pressure levels (see

the last paragraph of Section 2.4), computer-genernted cumulative probability

distributinn plots were produced, corresponding to the entire duration of eaeb of

the recordings.

Each =ime-hlstory of the exponentially-smoothed A-welghted sound pressure

levels was divided into consecutive 30-s time blocks, plus tbe remainder of the

record as the final tire block. For each time block and also for the entire ]2

: to 15 minute record, the quantities described in Table 9 were computed and printed

out in the form of a table for each of tlle recordings.

(text continued on p. 25)

12

c • • ............................

FREQUENCY I/5 OCTAVE 8AND LEVELLEQ LI LIO LEO L95 L99

50 5702 74o3 67o2 EOoA 5406 49o863 67.4 74e6 67o3 60o5 5404 4805

80 74,8 83.8 7266 83.7 57.2 51o5

• 100 78.1 89.0 75.1 64.7 5706 50ol125 72.5 82.0 70*4 81.4 54o8 4800

165 69.3 77o4 6902 6003 5204 4302

200 67,8 78.7 6E.9 58*0 4906 A0o9255 6702 7804 EEe4 5407 4507 oO

315 65,4 75,5 5301 53.1 4404 oO

400 6805 7808 63ol 52e6 44.4 =0500 65o8 75.7 64.4 54.1 4605 oO635 65.9 74.6 5511 56.6 45o9 4007

800 66.6 75.8 65*9 58.2 5007 4207

1500 _5,7 7409 66.4 5809 51o6 43001250 66.8 73o0 66o7 EO.2 53ol 4600

|605 65*9 72.9 65.9 59.6 5203 4509

2000 65.5 73.0 65.2 59.1 5|07 4408: 2505 64,4 71.5 64o2 57.9 5003 4304

• _ 3150 62.7 75o2 62.6 55.9 4709 4007

4000 65.3 68.1 65o0 53.5 4505 o55000 57.6 65.3 57,6 E5.7 42o5 eO

6300 54.5 61.5 54o7 47o8 4004 eO

8005 50,4 56.9 55.8 44.0 oO oO10505 46.5 52.8 48o0 45.3 oO O0

Table 5. 1/3-oc=ave band spectra for _he COMSAT sit=, 15 June 1977, 1510 hrs.,

15 m microphone, recording duration of 13.3 min.

13

: '" ,.,,4.•,

7

{_ 51TE: rIRTE: TIME: NICROPHONE:CONSRT 15 JUNE 7? 1510 15 H

i 90 , , i , i , , i , , i , , , , , , , , i , , 7--"--"t

S o=

8o

t __70

_ 60_o

j',

E) LEO -F LIO

1 -.. ,_ I I x Lsn ",,, @\40 , i * , f ' ' i t r- i i _ i t t i i I i_ I_ ,

63 125 260 500 1000 2000 4000 8000FREOUENCY,HZ

Figure 2. I/3-octave band LEQ, LI, LI0, and LS0 spectra for the COMSATsi_e, 15 June 1977, 1510 hrs., 15 m microphone, recordingduration of 13,3 mln.

i

o_

N MO

0000

0000

00_O

$O_O

_eO

000_

N g m

4

FREQUENCY 1/3 OCTAVE EAND LEVEL

LEO LI LtO LEO L90 L99

50 65ol 7603 67e! 60©_ 5504 5|o663 70.3 82,3 71.1 63.2 5702 53o5

80 70o5 81o4 7307 65ol 58.6 54.8100 70+2 82+2 72+9 63.8 5702 5302

125 69+2 82,0 71a8 61.9 5404 49o3160 68e0 78+7 71+5 62+6 84o5 4903

200 68,4 80+3 71.4 62°3 63o8 47o0

250 69e0 81.4 70.2 60+5 5202 4403315 65,4 76,8 68+2 59+6 51e4 41o9

400 66°6 77.3 68°3 59.5 50e4 4101500 64+3 7469 67*6 60+0 49@8 41o7

630 63,9 73,0 67.5 61e2 5005 4206

300 63*0 72,4 66,2 60o8 5000 42031000 61,5 71+1 64.4 59.0 4900 4106

1250 E0.6 70,5 83.3 58*0 4806 41o91600 57.8 67,9 60.3 55.1 4604 4003

2000 55+5 55+9 57.8 52,2 4403 3903

2500 53.7 6#,0 56.3 50*5 4202 oO3150 52,1 62.1 55,1 48*9 4000 O0

4000 50*5 61,1 53*6 47°3 3807 00

5000 4802 5?07 _1o5 4503 00 ,06300 46°9 55,2 49,1 43.1 oO 00

8000 _2,9 51.6 45.6 39. g oO 0010000 #0*3 47,7 41o6 IO oO 00

1/3 -octave ba,d spectra for the GEDE DR. site, 16 June 1977. 1600 hrs.,

In microphone, recording duration of 14.5 mfn.

17

0000

0_00

0_00

_00_

0_0_

_O

OQ

O00

0000

0000

0_O

O0_

O0_

O_

N_

Nm _N _

o.o0__°_0oo

oo

oo.

oo

•_omoooooooooooooooooo_ooo

_

l!

i

0

51TE: OFITE; TIME: MICROPHONE :355 + 0. 0. RO. 24 JUNE 77 1600 10 H

O_

.J 7O

Lt/

z 60gl:m

O:I-

N SO 0 LEO + CIOm _ L! X LgO

__at7 , I , t]2T5 = t _ t I I I I _ f I I , I P _--,...I..J__l.83 280 899 1900 2000 4000 90(10FREOUENCY,HZ

Figure 5. i/3-octave band LEQ, LI, LI0, and LS0 spectra for tho 355 andQ. O. RD. site, 24 June 1977, 1600 hrs., 15 m microphone,recording duration of 14.2 min.

H 20

event marker -- 7

.--/.

PSgur_ 6. A-welghted sound pressure level _Ime history for the COMSAT site,

15 Juno 1977, 1510 hrs,, 15 m microphone. The paper speed was

] mm/s. The response was controlled by =he sound level meter, set

for "fnst" response (sue p, i0),

21

le[ ] m:[.n _ I

[_v_ii_ i1k'117t¢_-_ 7,

-I

F_gure 7. A-w¢llhted sound pressure love]• time history for tke R'[, 28

sit_ /7 June 1977, 1600 hrs., 15 r_ _l]cl'opllon,;.

22

,,_ i mln I_[

_____

event marker-

Figure 8, A-welghcud sound pressure level time history for cheGHDE Dl_. site, [6 June 1977, 1600 hrs., 15 m microphone.

23

Figure 9. A-wo_@hted sound pressure lovel tln*ehistory for _he355 ond Q. O. RD, site, 24 June 1977, 1600 hcs,, 15 mm_crophono.

24

L . , ..............

Table 9. Definitions of various descriptors, or ratings,of the A-weighted sound level (see footnote on p.ll)

, Symbol Verbal Description Defining Equation

Ll A-welghted sound pressure level,re _O_Pa, in decibels, exceededX percent of the t_me, where

Xffilj10tbDj,...LIO

Lb0

L90

L99

TNI "Traffic Noise Index" TNIffid(LIO-L90)÷ L90-30

,,°.e.o=o -=dEb<ed.o..dle.ol,"L=-lo toL,lodti1110 known as the equiv/Ieltlevel, is defined as the level,re 20_Po, in decibels, of the wher_ L- L(t) is themean-square A-welghted sound sou.d level and T is thepressure during the stated time duration of the stated tlmeperiod period.

SIG standard deviation of the

population of A-walghL_d soundlevels as observed during _llestated time period.

l! IlDR root-mean-square value of the lDl= (dLldt)2 dt

ra_e of change of level over the where dL/dt is the ratestated time period, of change of level wlth time

(dBls)

LNP "Nolse Poilutivn Level" LNP ffiLEQ + 2.56 SIC

LEQP special case o£ a rating LEQPffiLEQ+ZO Iog(1+15 TDR)procedure proposed by J.d.Muller [2]

LB special case of a ratlng LB= 10zos#_fT[l+(15 .dL/dt)2 ]procedure proposed by K. (_ 0 L/10Matgchat_ et al. [3] .i0 dt

J

! 25

• i _ The quantities TDR and LB rcqulre a knowledge of dL/dt, =he first

. _ derivative of the A-weighted sound pressure l_vel with respect to time.

IL' Each value of dE/dr wag computed from a quadratic equation fitted to the 21

sound levels centered about the time of interest. That is, the previous 10

levels (each corresponding to a O.l-s duragion), the current level, and =he

following 10 levels were used in conjunction with a least-squares fitting

routine. This additional smoothing was done in order to avoid values of

• dL/dt that were spurious due to statistical scatter and round-off errors.

Values of dL/dt based on curve fitting to between 5 and 25 points were

examined for a few cases and it was found that dL/dt was stable in the

" range from 15 tO 25 points. Colneidentally, smoothing over n 2,1 s

_%terval should produce a tlme history close to that which "slow" rather

than "fast" exponential averaging would yield,

A copy of each of the followin_ is included in Appendix C for each of

the 107 actual-traffic reeordings_

o cu_luletive Drobahillty distribution plots of the A-welghted sound

pressure levels observed durin D each recording

: o tables showing the values of LI, LI0, L50, L90, L99, TN_, LEO, SIG, TDR,

LNP, LEQP, and LB for the A-weighted sound pressure levels for each

30-s time block and for the entire duration of each recording.

_xa_ples of these plots and tables, corresponding to the recording sessions and

microphone positions listed in Table 10, are included In Tables 11 through 14 and

Figures i0 through 13 to illustrate the format and t_ provide an indlcatios of thedifferences among various descriptors.

i

Table i0. Id_nhiflcation of recording sessions and microphone positions

for which sample data are presented in the body of this report.

Table/Figure Site Date Time of MicrophoneInitiation Locatlon

l_10 COMSAT 6/15/77 1510 15 m

l_ll RT. 28 6/17/77 1600 15 m

13/12 CUDE DR, 6/16/77 1600 15 m

14/13 355 & 6/24/77 1600 15 mO.O, RD.

26

T_ble 11. Noise DeserLp_ors _C 30 second intervals - CCHSAT sloe, 15 June 1977, 1510 hrs., 15 m mlcrophone.

'_

PRSBBBILI3Y

THBI

LEVEL

IS

EXCEEDED

Ii

II

ii

F.F.

,

O"_

MF_

¢-1_

:E

II3 r_m

'J1I_-

Z

_rn

_°

_

6z

:7

g N _g

__

NN

_N

N_N

N_N

NN

_N

_N

NN

NN

_N

NN

_

•io

_ooo

+oo

ooo+

_

+-

oool

_o

oo+

oleo

o+

•PRDBRBILITY

THAT

LEVEL

IS

EXCEEDED

_B

a_

:_g

NN

g_-

N

g_ _N

N

.0

_m

_m

N_

0

TIME NOZSE DESCRXPTOR(FROM AWT)BLOCK LI LIO LBO L90 L99 TNI LEO $ZG TDR LNP LEBP LB

1 7601 73o6 67o5 81o6 5807 79o8 69=4 402 3,7 80*3 86*9 104.32 75*3 72*4 67.5 52J4 50,8 102,5 68©9 7o3 300 07o6 8504 9906

3 75.2 70o5 59*8 51=8 50=5 98o8 86ol 702 304 84o8 8303 lOOo_

4 70,2 69.0 58*5 50,1 48,9 9506 6_¢1 704 207 8300 8003 95055 73.5 72*3 67=3 58*6 50,_ 8303 68a4 600 305 03o9 8507 100o9

6 74*0 70,1 55.0 58.8 r. ?402 6E=7 404 3¢7 78o0 8402 101o7

7 7905 75.1 70.7 68.8 3.0 72*3 3.8 2.? 82ol 88*5 105.18 72°2 89,4 62*8 53.0 c., _8.6 65.1 8.2 2.9 81.1 81.7 98.4

9 83.2 74,0 66.5 56.3 56.A 91.1 72*2 6.7 4.4 89.3 9005 109o910 73.1 70.8 62.6 57.1 5_,8 60.9 6509 409 305 78o5 8302 10007

11 83.3 80.3 69.9 61.9 80ol lO_=B 7507 609 3o4 9304 9209 110©312 78.7 70.1 55.0 55*4 54*2 84.1 67o6 8o0 207 8300 8308 10102

13 80.0 73,3 68*9 6117 59*8 77.0 7008 4cO 308 83ol 8805 10703

14 77.2 70.4 68.1 59.4 57.1 7302 88o3 405 309 7908 85o0 1040415 Bl,l 75.2 68,1 82.9 61.2 82ol 71©7 4o5 207 8302 8800 10507

16 80*4 75,8 69.0 57.1 54.7 102=2 71o7 604 207 8800 87o0 104o617 70*5 69,2 66*4 60.3 57=8 6509 EE=8 303 3o2 75ol 8306 9808

18 81*3 78,4 67°4 62.6 5706 9509 7209 6©1 302 8804 69e8 108©319 80.5 74,9 _507 56.1 56oT 95o! 70©3 6ol 3ol 85©8 87ol 10504

20 8403 74*0 69.9 67*2 64.5 64,5 73.6 4.0 2,5 83.7 89.8 108.5

21 61.5 77.5 69.0 84*5 60.8 86.5 72.5 4.6 2.8 84.2 88,8 105.522 78.1 73.4 67.0 62*1 80.8 77.3 69.8 4.3 3.0 80o5 86=3 10305

23 71.! 68,4 64.7 57.8 55.7 70.8 85c3 403 303 7603 82=2 99o4

24 80,2 77,3 71.1 67.5 63.9 7806 7304 308 2o0 83o0 8803 1040525 75*3 71.4 66,4 62.1 60.8 6902 6800 303 203 7605 83=5 9904

26 8005 77,8 70.3 57.6 56.5 10803 7303 702 209 91o6 8907 106o827 74=2 70.8 67.4 61*5 57Q7 66o7 68ol 3o8 203 77_4 83=5 99o5

28 78*5 76.9 69,4 66.6 63¢9 78ol 7205 4ol 204 83ol 8802 10401

29 75.8 72*9 69.5 6A.8 56©2 87o2 70=3 309 300 8002 86o9 10208

TOTAL 80,7 73*8 67o5 5803 5009 90ol 7007 5ol 3ol BBo# 8705 104©8

13. Nolse descrlp=ors at 30 second intervals - GUDE DR, si_e, 16 June 1977, 1600 hrs,, 15 m microphone,

_.l.._ ..........._................................ .....................

PROBABILITY

THRT

LEVEL

ISEXCEEDED

I

,-.P

.o8

O_

Of

0

g P

TIME NO_SE OESCRZPTOR(FROM AWT}

I_LOCK LI LIO LSO L90 L99 TNX LEQ SJO TOR LNP LEQP LB

1 (;900 6702 63ol 60¢5 5906 5706 64-2 2o5 104 70a6 7706 9|*62 6702 6504 61.9 59*0 58.2 54o6 62,7 2o4 1,6 66.8 76o6 9|,,0

3 71.0 66J2 64.1 62m0 60.5 48o8 64.7 1_9 2.6 69o4 60.6 97=74 68.9 E4*8 62.5 61*0 60.5 46=2 63.1 I.E 1.5 _7=2 76=9 91oE

5 69=5 67.A 63*9 62=0 _0.9 53=5 64.9 202 !.o4 7005 78:5 9204

6 77.5 71*4 66.0 64=0 63.1 63=8 6804 302 300 760.5 85ol 104007 73,2 69=7 6_.0 63.7 62.2 5707 6702 205 204 7307 8209 99048 6802 66.3 64.0 62.6 61.0 47.4 64.4 1.4 1.3 68.| 77.7 91.6

9 87.3 80.2 64.5 62.2 6|15 104.1 7.=.4 7.4 3.8 94.4 93.0 116.0

I0 80.8 76.5 64.4 61..'3 60.6 91.6 71.3 E.3 4.0 3704 89ol 11101

11 67.1 65.7 62.1 60_[ 59.5 52.3 E3vO 2ol 1o3 6804 76ol 900012 67.1 E5.9 64.0 62.0 61.2 47.6 6402 |o4 1o0 6708 7603 87o7

13 67,2 65*0 62.4 60.6 59.6 48.4 6209 1o5 1o I 6705 75o5 58o514 69.9 66.5 63,3 59.6 55.5 57ol 6309 2o5 1o2 7009 7505 9001

15 70.5 67=5 63,0 60,2 55.8 5904 6406 3o0 202 72o2 79o9 9600

16 66.4 65,,3 63.7 62,4 61.6 44ol 63o9 1ol I0! 6607 7603 86o217 74,1 69.4 66.8 63.7 62.6 5605 6"706 205 2ol 7400 8208 99o6

18 76.0 70.6 65.9 63=9 6205 6009 6800 3o0 202 7=%6 8303 10005

19 74.5 70.1 65.0 61.9 6006 64o9 6_09 301 1o6 74o5 8009 97ol20 74.2 70,7 65.6 62.7 61o6 6405 6706 302 1o6 75o8 5|o6 970_21 7.c,0 71,4 67.7 64,5 63,0 62*2 6,3,7 2,B 2,4 75,9 54,4 102,l

22 69.2 65,9 63,3 61,9 E0,9 47,8 64,0 1,7 1,7 68.3 7_,3 93,9

.23 73.5 70.2 66.0 63.5 60.7 E0.3 6?'.3 2.2 1o5 7404 81o0 960324 72.1 (:9.2 66.3 64.B {:3.8 52=5 E_'ol toU 1,o9 7107 81o9 9702

25 71,3 68,1 64,5 63.1 62,5 5209 _5o6 2ol 1o7 70o9 7908 9409

2.2 71`.5 69.5 64.5 62.5 61.6 60=4 6603 207 1o3 7302 7904 920627 71`,4 68,6 62.6 63,7 62,6 _..301` 6202 1o9 202 71o0 81o4 9802

28 71.0 67.2 23el 61`.2 60c6 560_ 6409 207 1`o5 71o7 78o6 93o_

29 24.A 63.2 61.9 60.7 59o6 4006 6200 09 I00 6403 73o9 25o6

TOTAL 76,4 68,9 6404 6104 5904 El,3 6?'02 303 200 7506 82ol 1`03o6

Noise descriptors a= 30 second intervals - 355 and Q.o, RD. site, 24 June 1977, 1600 brs, 15 m

microphone.

2PROBABILITY

THAT

LEVEL

IS

EXCEEDED

•:2

mm

_=',1 •

0_ _N

,0i:

_[:

l

t__

z

m_

i-_

0F-

"_

PN

,

fr_

0

3. Shnulated-Traffic Noise Reeo_Hngm

A separate field program was undertaken in which vehicles were drlven

past a microphone array at controlled speeds and spacings. These

slm,,lated-traffic _oise recordings are the topic of the present section.

The recording system described above in Section 2,1 and the data

i analysis system described in Section 2.4 were also used for the simulatedtraffic studies. The microphones were located as described in Section 2.1.

3.1 Si_ Dmc_pdon

The recordings of simulated-traffic noise were node at the UallopsFltpht Center facility of the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration. This facility,locatednear WallopsIsland,Virginia,provided the flat terrainand low backgroundnoise (typically,A-weightedlevels from 30 to 35 dB) that were necessary for th_s work.

A test section was establishedon Runway 10-28 (bearingI00° and280°). The microphonearray was set up on the grass adjacentto the southside of Runway 10-28 at a position 440 m from the east end of the runway.The vehicles ran from wast to east along the south sideof the runway.Reeorddngs were _Itlated at or before the time the first vehicle reached a

point 180 m from the microphone array and were continued until the vehicle

was at least 180 m past the array, The eenterllne of vehicle travel was

established as being 7.5 m in from the edge of the asphalt concrete runway.

, Photographs lllustratlng the test section, microphone positloning, and

v_hlcle orientation are provided in Figs. 14 and 15.

S.2 Simmered-Traffic Comlifiem

Three traffic speed conditions were selected for inclusion in this

1 part of the study:

o 88 km/hr constant-speed pessby,

o 56 _n/hr constant-speed passby, ,

o "stop and go" in which vehicles approached a simulated traffic light at

56 km/hr, stopped as if at a traffic light, and than proceeded when _he

"light" _ave a go indication,

Pour traffic flow rates were included for the 56 and 88 km/hr constant-speed

passby recordings:

o single-vehlcle passhys

o multlple-vehlcle passhys

A, 300 vehicles par hour (5 per minute)

B. 660 vehicles per hour (ii per minute)

C, l_O0 vehicles per hour (25 per minute)

35

r ? i, ¸,

: Figure 14. Photograph of slmula_ed-crafflc showing slngle-even_ passhy of a

truck,

Figure 15. Phota_raph of simulated-truffle showing a multlp[e event,

"s_op-and-go" passby°

In all cases only a single lane of traffic was establlshed. The highest flowrate for th_ multlple-vehlcle passbys, 1500 vehicles p0r hour, is approximately

i the maximum flow rate per lane that is lik_ly to bQ encountered in actual traffic

,I situations at the speeds used. The lowest flow rat_, 300 vehicles per hour,

corresponds to 1 vehicle every 12 s. It was felt that if audio tapes correspondingto lower traffl¢ flow rates were desired, they could be sade by d_hblng together'_ecordlngs of individual vehicle passbys.

prior to the selection of the above vehicle speeds and flow rates_e_Istln_ trs_fle noise predlctlon models _ere utilized to establish _herange of v_lues of average A-we_hted _ound level and of the standardd_vlatlon of the A_elghted sound levels _round their medlan value. These_alculatlons, _hlch are described in Appendix D, were carried out in order

to _stabldsh the desired microphone locetlons and the deslred range ofvehicle spaclng_. Th_sa t_s_ parameters _ere Belected so _s to e_ab1_eudlo _ecordlngs which would correspond to the range of levels andv_at_ons of interest to the present program. Examln_ti_n of the d_Cads_rlbed below shows that _hls goal was achieved.

Fo_ slmalated traffic _£tuetdone other than elngle-vehlcle pa_shys, astring of up to ten vehicles was utilized. The b_slc strln_ conslsted of_en late-model, automatlc-t_ansmlsslon automobiles _;hlchwere driven pastthe microphone array in the order _hown in Table 15.

T_hle 15. Identification of automobiles used for sl_ulated-traffle noi_erecordings.

AutomobileIdentification _del T_e of

_ode Engine

AI Nova _-B

A_ N_v_rlch 6-=yllnder

A_ Chevette 4-cyld_d_r

A_ Nov_ V-8

A_ l!ova V-8

A 6 Ch_vettc 4-eyllnde_

A 7 Nova _8

A 8 Nova _'-8

A 9 Chewtte _-cyllnder

AIO _averick 6-cyllnder

37

' Th_ numbers of 4, 6t and 8 cyllnder engine types that were included were

_,i based upon the current automobile populntlon in the United States, weightedsomewhat in the direction of smaller c_*rs=o account for the probablefuture increase in the use of smaller cars due to increased concern over

fuel economy, The order in which the automobiles passed the microphone_rray was determined witb the nld of a table of random numbers.

Recordings of noise from the additional vehicles listed in Table 16 were madedu_ing slngle-vehlcle passbys.

Table 16. Identi£1catlon of trucks and bus used for s_mulated-trafflcnoise recordings.

Vehicle Type ofIdentlflcation Description EngineCode

Tl 6x4 tractor pulling a loaded trailer dieBel

T2 4x2 trnctor pulling a loaded trailer diesel

T3 4x2 loaded slngle-cbassin truck with gasolinea horlzont_l exhaust

T4 6x4 loaded dump truck with a vertical dieselexhaust

B large bus diesel

P "souped-_p" pickup truck gasoline

For the constant speed passhys_ nine confiRuratlons of "auto_bilesand _aps '_w_re used. C.spswere included _n order that sln_le passbys ofnolslervehinles _ould be "dubbed In" to the mi11tlple-event recordln_s at alater tlme, In these conflguratlons i O, ip 2. or _ automobiles wereremoved from the string o_ vehicles a_ sbown in Table 17_

3B

i "au_omoblles and gaps" for multiple-vehicle

Table ].7. Conflgura_ nns of

passbys.

Co:[l_urncio_ Vehicle

i 2 3 & 5 6 7 8 9 10

l_ X X X X X X X X X X

9 X X X X X X X X X

8A X X X X X X X X

8B X X X - X X X X X

8C X X X X X X X X

7A X X X X - X X X

7B X X X X X - X X

7C X X - X X X X X

' : "_ 7D X X X X - X X X

Th_ drivers of the automobiles ma_ncalned the same relative spscln_ as if avehicle were _ot mSsslng from the string. For example, in Configuration g_or run_ with a t_aff_c fl_w rate of 3_0 vehicles per hour, Car 3 lagged

Car 2 by 12 s hut, slnce Car 4 wa_ mis_n_, Car 5 lagged Cnr 3 by 24 s.

J 3g ......

The desired vehicle spacing was maintained by setting up a number of

markers along the runwayp prior to entry into the test section_ and

_ Instructlng the drivers to stay as far behind the car in front of them as

was the separation between markers (or_ if one or two cars directly in_ front were not _/% a particular confiR%:ration , to _alntain twice or three

times the _rker spacing, respectively). Preliminary trials revealed that

it was difficult for some of the drivers to Judge this spacing,

particularly for the longer distances between vehicles. Accordingly, all

drivers were provided with radio receivers and a spotter _m the airportcontrol tower issued verbal instructions to individual drivers so as to

achieve the desired vehicle spacing prior to the time when the string of

vehicles entered the test section, By this means, it is believed that

vehicle spacings were maintained to within plus or minus ten percent of the

desired value du_ing each recording session,

A coda was established to f_cilltate labeling of a particular

combination of speed, traffic flow rat_ t and configuration of automobiles

and Raps as follows:

H - (Speed)(Flow Code)-(Conflguratlon)

For constant speed passbysj the speed was designated either 35 or 55 mph

(56 or 88 km/hr); the traffic flow rata was coded A, B, or C, corresponding

to 300, 660, or 1500 vehicles per hour, respectively, and tbe configuration

was coded in conformance with the abov_ table, I Thus M-35B-7A indicates a

mtlltIple- vehicle passhy, at 56 I_/hr, with a vehicle spacing corresponding

to a traffic flow rate of 660 vehicles per hour, and a configuration in

which cars 2, 3, and 7 were not included.

Note that the defined traffic flow rate is not changed when l, 2, or 3

cars are removed from the strln_. This is because of the intention to "dub

in" reeorddngs of slngle-vehlcle passbys of noisier vehicles (mainly trucks

-- see below). In this way, it was not necessary to m_ke actual recordings

of coasts.t-speed passbys of strings of automobiles and trucks,

However, for "stop-and-Re" tests, in which a string of vehicles

approached, stopped at a simulated intersection, and then proceeded, it was

concluded that it would not be possible to dub in sinRle-vehlcle passbys,

due to the dlffieultles in synchronizing speeds for stop-and-go conditions,

Accordingly, mixes of automobiles and trucks were used directly for the

simulation of intersection traffic. Seven combinations of automobiles and

trucks, as shown in Table 18, were used for making the recordings of noisefrom simulated intersection traffic.

I Speed in the configuration code was stated in miles per hour (mph) to avoid

confusion during the tests as only speed in mph was common to all vehlcl_

speedometers.

40

Table 18. Conflguratlons of vehicles used for recording noise from slmLilatedinterseetlon traffic.

Confisuratlon Trdck No. Position No.

M-INT-35B-9-TI 1 4

M-INT-35B-9-T2 2 4

M-_NT-35B-9-T3 3 4

M-INT-3$B-9-T4 4 4

M-INT-35B-B-T3/T4 * 3 4

4 7

_INT-35B-B-TI/T4 * 1 4

4 7

M-L_T-3 5B-7-T2/T3/T_ ** 2 3

3 5

4 8

•Trucks located as in 8B Configuration of TabI_ 17.

•*Trucks located as in 7B Conflguratlon of Table 17.

As an example of the interpretation of this configuration code, _f-INT-35B-B-T3/T4means that Truck No. 3 replaced the automoS_le in Position _o, 4 and Truck No.replaced _he automobile in Position No. 7. The string of vehlcles approached the"intersectlon" nt a Rpe_d of 35 mph (56 km/hr) and the vehlcl_ spacing corrospondedto 660 vehicles per hour. The trafflc stopped at th_ llght for 30 s and thenproceeded "as it would in normal d_ivlng conditions."

41 !

I There were _ tote] of 54 types of runs for "automobiles and gaps" Qs

(2 speeds 3 flow rates x 9 configurations) the 7consEant-speed passbys x plus types

of runs for automobiles and trucks at an intersection. In addition, slngle-vehlcle

passbys were run for each of the I0 automobiles, each of _he 4 trucks, a large bus,

and a "souped-up" pickup truck, for a total of Ig vehicles and thus 48 types of

: runs; those single-vehlcle runs were coded

S - (Speed Code) - (Vehicle Code)

where the vehicle code was INT, 35, and 55 for the stop-a_d-go. 56-km/hr (35-mph). and

88-km/hr (55-mph) tests, respectively. The vehicle codes were A1 _hrotlgh AI0 for

the automobiles, T1 through T4 for the trucks, g for the bus and P for the souped-up

pickup truck. Thus. for example, S-35-A7 designated a 56 bn/llr passhy of the Nova that

occupied Posltlon 7 ill the multlplQ-vehlcle passbys.

3.3 R_mmnthlg Col*didoI_

A least two recordings of each of the 109 types of tuns were made during the

period 13-22 July 1977, At the times of recording there tdas no precipitation and the

road surfaces were dry. The Wallops Flight C_*=er weather-tower was located close to

the microphone array. Copies of the recorded data for temperature, dew-polar

temperature, wind speed, and wlsd dlrect_on were obtained.

Prior to any of the recordlng sessions, the automobile speedometers were

callbrated and found to he accurate to within +_5 km/hr (+_ mph) at both

56 and 88 km/hr (35 and 35 mph). During _Ingle-vehlele passbys, drivers were

_nstructed to maln_aln the desired speed as closely as possible. Durdng

multlple-vehi=le passbys, the lead automobile _fntalned the deslred speed while the

other vehicles malnta_ned the desired separations between vehicles. No radar

measurements of vehicle speed and no video recordlngs of traffic flow were _de

during the slmulated-trafflc reeotdlng sessions,

3.4 D_cdpd.. of R_onli**gs Atm]._]

All Of _he audio recordings of slmulated-trafflc noise were digitized and

exponen=islly smoothed as descrlbad in Section 2.4. No.ever, only 2 s of digital

data were deleted prior to each "event nmrker", The "best" of the dupllcate

recordings (see the first sentence of Section 3,3) of each _ype of run were subjected

to further analysis. "_est" was jtldged on the basis of acoustical and elee=rleal

background noise, extraneous noises, and wind speed,

8raphlc plo=s of A-welghted sound pressure level, re 20 _Pa, versus time were

produced for each of the recordings of simulated-traffic noise. Examples of these

plo=s, for the multlple-vehlcle passbys, are provided in Pigs. 16 through 19.

The i/3-octave band sound presssre levels versus time were digitized asdescribed in Section 2._.

42

_'20 soe-m_

Figura 16. A-weIEhted sound pressure level history for a sJanslated trafflemultiple event passby of 10 automobiles at a speed of 56 km/h_ •and flow rate of 1500 vehicles pe_ _our, 15 m mlcz'ophone,

f

i

2/..... _I_-¥ ' ,--+----

Figurm 17, A-wei_hted sound prassure Level time history for a simmlatad trafficmultlple evont p_ssby of 10 automobiles at a speed of 56 km/hr and flowrate of 660 vehicles per hour, 15 m m_c_ophone.

kr

43 i'Ir

f

Figure 18. A-welghted sound pressure level time history for a simulated

traffic multiple event passby of 7 automobiles with 3 gaps(after peaks 2, 3, and 5) at a speed of 56 km/hr and flow rateof 660 vehloles per hour, 15 m microphone.

_20 se=_

• 50!B

RANGE

Figure 19. A-weighted sound pressure level t/me history for a simulated trafficmultiple event "stop-and-go" passby of 7 automobiles and 3 truckswith an i.ltlal speed of 56 km/hr and flow rate of 300 vehicles perhour, 15 m microphone.

44

+. .......................... i

._ For each recording of a multlple-vehlcle passby (4 microphone positions for each! of the $4 const.nt-speod passbys of "automobiles and gaps" and the 7 runs for

automobiles and trucks at an intersection), the tlme-hlstory of

exponentlally-smoothed digitized A-welghted sound pressure levels was used to

generate, for the complete run, the same twelve descriptors that were computed for

the actual-trafflc recordings,

Copies of the tables showing the values of ll, LI0, LbO, Lg0, L99, TNI, LEQ,

SIG, TDR, LNP, LEQP, and LB for the A-weighted sound pressure levels are Lncluded in

Appendix E for each of the 244 slmulated-traffic (multlple-vehicle) recordings.

Examples of these tables are included in this report as Tables 19 through 22

corresponding to the plots in Figs. 16 throngh 19.

Computations of the cumul_=ive probability distribution of A-weighted sound pressure

levels for several of the simulated traffic multiple events were performed. Plots of

these dlstrlhutlons for four of the multiple events are presented in Figs, 20 through23.

For each recording of a slngle-vehlcle passhy (4 microphone positions for each

of the 48 runs), the tlme-hlstory of exponentlally-smoothed dlgltlzed A-welghted

sound pressure levels was used to compute each of the following quantitlesl:

{ _T IoL/IC dt} LEQ + i0 log T; (i)

SEL = i0 log =

this is the usual "sound exposure level"

SELP - SEL + 10 log _+IBTDg) - LEQP + i0 log T (2)

where LEQP and TDR are defined _ Section 2.5.2; this

quantity may he thought of as a sound exposure level that

has been adjusted, in a manner analogous to that in which

LEQP was adjusted, to "correct" for the influence of the

rate of change of sound level with time

I_ T [l+(15"gL/dt) 2] 1oL/10 dr} LB + I0 log T, (3)

SELB - 1O log •

where LB and L are defined in Section _.5.2; this quantity

may be thought of as a sound exposure level that has been

adjusted, in a manner analogous to that In which LB was

adjusted, to "correct" for tile influence of the rate of

change of sound love] with time

1 See th_ footnote on p, Ii.

45

[_ ]L/2LD - /T (dL/dt)2dt (4)

0

is _he root-mean-square value

of dl/dt over the t_ne period T; this quantity was computedIn the same mannar as was TDR (see Section 2.5.2) hut a

different symbol is used to aid in dlstlnqu_shlng between

the quantity computed for slngle-vehlcle passbys and that

for multlple-vehlcle passbys

LDD - / ) , (%)

where d2L/dt _ is the second derivative, wlth respect to time,

of the A-weighted sound pressure level, L=L(t)_ T_D maybe re_arded as the r0ot-mean-sqnare vahle of d'L/dt _ over

the time period T.

These quantities were computed with the integration carried out over the entire

duration of the recordlng and also over only that portion of the r_cordlng where the

A-welghted sound pressure level was within 10 dB of its maxlmum value. In addition,

both LD and LDD were computed, separately, for the time before tbe maximum level was

reached and for the time after the maxlm_m level was reached.

The quantities LD and tDD require a knowledge, respectively, of dL/dt, the first

derivative of the A-weighted sound pressure level with respect to time, and d2L/dt _,

the second derlvatlve of the level wltb respect to ti_e. As described in Sectlen

2,5.2, a quadratic equation was fitted to the 21 sound levels centered about =ha time

of interest. Both dL/dt and d2L/dt 2 _Iera ohtalned frem thls quadratic equation for

use in computing LD and LDD, respectively. As stated In Section 2.5.2, values of

dL/dt were essentially independent of the number of levels to which 2the @uadratie wasfitted when the number of levels was between 15 and 25. However, d L/dr values were

not _ndependent of the t_me interval ove_ which =he smootblt* B wa_ done; thus values

of LDD may only have sisnlfleance relative to one another rather than in any absolute

s_nse.

A copy of the tables showing the values of gEL, SELP, SELB, LD(total), Ln(rise),

LD(fall), LDD(total), LDD(rlse), and LPD(fall), computed both for the total event and

within the "10-dB down" duration, for each recording is included in Appendix D for

each of the 192 slngle-vehiele recordings. Examples of these tables ate included

here as Tables 23 through 25. The A-welghted sound pressure level tlme histories

produced on the graphic level recorder, eorrespondlng to the data of Tables 23

through 25 D are shown _n Figs. 24 thronEh 26. Additional time hlstories of the

A-welghted levels for the single event racordlngs are included Jn Appendix _.

Sound expasure lev_l spectra corresponding to slngle-vehlele passbys were

computed and are included in App_ndlxH.

46

- Since the entire time history of esch multiple-event and single-event/ i'i : recordlng is accessible, in digital form, to the NBS central computer, itii i' is a simple matter to combine, dlgl=ally, different sound level tlmehistories So as to obtain the digitized time history corresponding todubbing one or more slngle-event recordings onto a multlple-event

'." recordlng, From thia _)_Ithesl,ed time history, varlous noise descriptorsof /neeres_ c_n be computed. In this way, it is easy to determlne whatvalues of LIO, LEQ, LB, etc. would be obtained ig one were actually to dub

; together, at a parelcular relative level, t_¢orecordlngs.

i It is relatively easy to predict LEQ, TDRs L_QP, and LB for suchdubbed record_gs w_thout any need to consider the detailed time h/storles.Thls is d_scussad further in Appendix I.

[ '

(text continued on p. 61)

i

47

J

" : Table 19. Noise deserlptors for a simulated traffic multlplQ event of lO automobiles ac 88km/hr

flow rate of 1500 vehicles per hour. 7.5, 15. 30, and 60 m microphones.

14 Mike

[r 7,5 mt NOISE DESCRZPT_RIPROH AWT|

E L1 LIO LbO LgO Lg9 TN_ L_O SIG TDR LNP LbOP LBI

1 6_,9 _7,9 60,2 36,g 34,9 131.8 63,8 I?,7 #,8 98,5 82,g IOI,S

I

,l 15 mI NOXSE DESCRiPTOR(FROM AWT|

_t LIO LbO L90 L99 TNI LEO S_G TDR LNP LEOP LB

j _ 62,5 61,2 55,7 34.8 33*2 110,4 57*7 II,6 4,0 87.4 75,5 92,9

30 m N0_5_ DgSCR%PTORCFROM AWT)

L! LIO LbO LgO L99 TN! LEO SZG TOR LNP LEOP LB

49,9 48,7 45,4 33,7 32,2 63°8 46,0 6.b 1,9 62°g 60,7 75°7

ii, 6om

I NOZSE DESCRXPTDR(FROM AWT)., L1 LtO L50 Lgo L99 TN! LEO SZG TDR LNP LEOP L8

I 42,3 41,2 39°6 33,4 31*4 34°5 39*8 3.2 t *2 47*9 52,4 63.5

!!

Table 22. Noise descriptors for a simulated traffle multiple evont "stop-and-go" pnssby of 7automobiles and 3 trucks wlth an initial speed of 56 km/hr and flow rate of 300 vehiclesper bout, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 m m£crophones.

Hike

?,bin

NDZSE DESCR_PTOn(FNOM AWT)) L1 LlO LSO Lgo L99 TNI LEO Sl_G ?DR /NP L_'QP LB

85e0 77e3 52e8 $2,2 $2,0 12_,T T3e3 Ii,8 2e4 103,4 88&9 108,8

_T

|

4 50 60 70 80 90 1006-NE[GHTEO SDUNOLEVEL,O8

Figure 20. Cumulatlve probability distribution of A-welghted

sound pressure levels for a slmulated traffic multlple

event of i0 automobiles at 88 km/hr at a flow rate of

300 vehlcles per hour, 15 m mlcrophone.

52

PROBABILITY

THRT

LEVEL

IS

EXCEEDED

iI

II

i13

N._

,

o'0

.

PR{)BRBILI'TYq'HRTLEVEL

IS

EXCEEDED

00

"0

0o

0

,,_

I,D

B

_Nm

rq_

0r,r

i-_

"_,-

g._o

=

P_

g_

N

Figure 23. Cumulative probability distribution of A-welghted sound

pressure levels for a simulated traffic multiple event

"stop-and-got' passhy of 7 automobiles and 3 trucks with

an initial speed of 56km/hr and flow rate of 300 vehicles

per hour_ 15 m microphone,

55

S-Z NT-A7 30 m HIKE

MAXINUM AnT= _4,0

LD LDD

SEL $_LP SEL8 TOTAL RZSE FALL TOTAL RZS_ FALL

! T_TA5 _0o_ 74,4 92,2 1,56 1,40 2.01 2,67 Io64 I°TA

-I00_ 59°1 75,1 _I°6 2.._5 2,22 2,96 2,73 2,gg 2,32

S_ NT_AT _C I_ HIKE

i

I MAXI_UM A_YT = 42e4E LO LO0

I SEL SELP _EL8 TOTAL RZOE FAL L TOTAL RXSE FALL

TOTAL _4_3 _?_A _Io_ I_2_ l_ 1o52 I_71 _65 I_

i__ _ __ _ __ ___ _ _._ _ _ _ _ _,__......................•........................................ _

r

I

i Table 25. Noise descriptors for a simulated traffic single event "stop-and-go" passby of truck No. 4

I with an initial speed of 5_ km/hr, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 m microphones.

i ilS_INT -T4 7.5 m MIKE

i MAXIMUM A_VT= ee.T

r Uo UDO

I SEL 5ELP SELS TOTAL RZSE FALL TOTAL RISE FALLTOTAL 9349 111,1 128,7 3,45 2*94 4,30 4,00 3,49 4.87

E -I008 93.A Xi1*2 128,3 3.95 4,09 3,86 4*47 _,24 4o59

.i

• !i S-I NT-TA 15 m HIKEI

I MAXIMUM AWT= 83.3

LD LDD

SEL SELF SEL8 TCTAL RISE FALL TOTAL RISE FALL

TOTAL 8_.4 IOE*9 123,8 3,70 3*03 4*87 4,39 3,58 5=T9

--IODB 89e0 106.1 123.0 3.33 3.33 3.32 4.00 2.T2 _.41

S-INT-T4 30 m HIKE

i MAXIMUM AWT= 74., LD

LDD

SEL SELF SEL8 TOTAL RZSE FAL_ TOTAL RISE FALL

TOTAL 63,0 9_.9 _15.2 3,21 2*48 4,_5 3,84 2,88 5,29

--1008 8_,7 9S,q I13,9 _.74 2.13 3,0_ 3,_8 2,7_ 3._6

I S-INT-T4 60 m MIKEMAXIMUM AWT= 67,4

LD LOD

i SEL SELF SELS TOTAL RISEFALL TOTAL RZSE FALL

TOTAL 75,9 9_,0 i08,I 3,35 3,02 3,90 4,10 3,69 4,76

--1008 7_.4 92.1 lOS.Y 3.07 3.91 2.6_ 3.9S 5.29 3.29

!

_20 sec_

•. 75.T-__:_iC-2.............; ' i' ' 50 dB .................

Figure 24. A-weighted sound pressure level time history for a simulatedtraffic slngle eve.t passby of automobile No. 7 at 56 km/hr, 15 mmlcrophone.

I .... __ .................

oo.,oFigure 25. A-weighted sound pressure level time history for a simulated

trafficsingleevent "stop-and-go"passby of automobileNo. 7with an initial speed of 56 km/hr, 15 m microphone.

59

'I

_20 sa=_

501dB '

II_Gg

...... l

Figur_ 26. A-weighted sound pressure level Clme history for asimulated traffic single _ven_ "s_op-and-go" passby oftruck No, 4 with an initial speed of _6 km/hr_ 15 nmicrophone.

6O

4. Discmsion of Noise Recordings

In this sectionsome summary informationis given on the actual-traffic'endslmulated-trafficnoise recordingsthat were obtained in the courseof this study,

i ' t 4.1 Actual-Traffic Noise Reco.li%_

For this summarydiscussion,it is useful to combine the data for the threeInterstatehighway sites,the data for the two secondaryroad sites, and the data fo_the two intersectionsites, thus formingthree groupsof data. The trafficconditions,given in detailin Tables 2 and 3, are summarizedin Table 26 for thesethree classificationsof sites. For this su_narytable, all trafficat a given sitewas combined,regardlessof lane or direction. For all recordingsessions at, forexample, Interstatehighways,the averagetrafficspeed, regardlessof direction,ranged from 85 to 93 km/hr, with an average value of 90 km/hr. Total traffic volume

at the three Interstate sites ranged from lggO to 439fl vehicles per hour, with an

average value of 3020 vehicles per hour, with medium trucks ranging from l.O to 7,1

percent and heavy trucks ranging from 0.fl to 15.5 percent of the total trafflc

! volume. Table 26 provides this type of summary information for the three classes of

site.

t Table 26. Summary of traffic conditionsJ for actual-trafficnoise recordings

Type of Highway Interstate Secondary _ntersactlon

Sites (No. Lanes) COMSAT(4) RT. 28(2) 355 & SHADY GR.(-

195(8) GUDE DR.(2) 355 & Q. 0. RD.(-

i

Traffic Parameter Min Mann Max Hin Mean Max Min Mean I Max

1Average Traffic Speed,km/hr 85 90 93 61 67 71

Total Traffic Volume,veh./hr 1990 3020 4330 660 lO10 1630 2760 3680 5380

Percent Automobiles 77,4 91.9 98.6 84.2 90.8 !94,6 88,3 99.2 98.1

Percent Medium Trucks 1.0 2,8 7,1 9,2 4.9 6.4 1.7 6,3 6,5

Percent lleavy Trucks 0.0 5,3 15.5 1,6 4.3 9,8 0.2 2.5 5.2

61

Of the twelve descriptors of the A-weighted sound level that are given

in Tables ii-14 and in Appendix C, the following six were selected for further

dls=ussion: LEQ, LIO, LEQP, LB, LNP, and TNI. For the three classifications of

sites, the values obtained for these six descrlptors are sun_mrlzed in Table 27.

For each descriptor, the minimum, arithmetic mean, and maximum values are given

at each of the four microphone post=tons. Thus, for example, for the eight

recordings at the 15-m microphone for secondary roadsp the values obtained for LEQ

ranged from 62.0 to 70.7 dB, with a mean of 67.1 dB.

The summary data in Table 27 are shown graphically in Pigs. 27-29, where the

minimum, mean, and maximum values for each descriptor are shown verNus the distance

from the center of the near lane to the microphone location. (Me data are shown for

the 6O-m microphone for the Tntarstate highways since no 60-m microphone position was

used at the B-W FkqJY site,) Figure 27 shows the mean value and range of LEQ, LEQP,

and LB versus distance, Fig. 28 shows these data for LI0 and LNP, afld Fig. 29

presents the results for TNI. Figure 30 presents the mean values for all six

descriptors on a single plot, with the ranges omitted for graphical clarity.

;t can he seen that LlO and LEO are very similar, with llO typically being 2 to 4

decibels larger than LEQ. In general, LEQP, LB, and LNP show a slightly more rapid falloff

with distance than do LEQ and LZO, The ranze of values for TNI, for a given type of

site and a given microphone position, is much lar_er than the range for the other

descriptors. In addition, TNI falls off with distance much more rapidly than any of

the other descriptors,

The Federal Highway Admlnistratlonhas recently issued _K_A Technical Advisory

T 5040.5, dated September 5, 1978. which descrlhes the F_;A Highway Traffic Noise

Prediction Model, and provides "National Reference Energy Mean Emission Levels" as

functions of speed for automobiles, medium trucks and heavy trucks. The values of

LEQ that were obtalned in the present study have been compared with the values

predicted by the F_A Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Hodel for the five sites where

essentially constant-speed traffic conditions existed, rn carrying out the

calculations of the predicted values of LEO, it was assumed that each highway was an

inflnltely-long llne source and that the values of iEQ due to a slngle lane of

traffic fall off at a rate of 4.5 dg per doubling of distance, 141th these

assumptions, LEQ was computed from (text continued on page 68)

62

i;

Table 27. Summary of six of the descriptors of the A-weightedsound levels for the _ctual-trafflc nolse recordings.

&

Type of Highway Interstate Secondary Intersection

Sites EONSAT RT. 28 355 & S][ADY GR.

195 GUDE DR. 355 & q. O. RD.D-W PKWY

Descriptor Mike Min Mean Hax Hin Mean Max Min Hean Max[

I7.5m 72.1 77.5 82.0 69.3 73.0 76.1 70.1 71.6 73.7LEQ 15m 65.3 71.1 78.5 62.O 67.1 70.7 65.5 68.6 71.8

308 58.3 66.5 72.2 55.3 59.7 62.9 61.4 64.4 67.460m 62.4' 66.1" 69.1" 51.7 54.1 86.9 58.3 60.5 63.1

7.5m 75.9 80.6 85.2 71.1 75.6 79.2 73.0 74.4 76.2LIO 15m 68.5 74.7 82.4 65.1 69.5 77.2 67.4 71.0 73.9

30m 60.8 69.4 76.0 57.7 62.1 66.5 63.3 66.4 69.660m 65.7* 69.4_ 72.6* 51.3 55.8 59.3 59.9 62.4 65.5

7.5m )1.3 96.3 101.2 87.6 91.5 93.9 86.6 88.1 89.7LEQP 15m 83.1 88.8 94.0 79.3 84.4 87.7 79.3 84.0 87.8

30m 72.8 81.3 88.2 70.7 74.9 78.1 74.4 79.0 82.960m 77.0* 80.6* 83.4* 66.8 68.8 71.9 70.5 74.4 77.7

7.5m 112.4 116.8 122,9 L07.9 111,3 112.5 108.1 107.3 109.7LB 15m 100.3 107.6 115.3 97.7 102.7 105.9 98.5 i0_.8 107.1

30m 89,6 97.4 105,8 88.6 92.5 95.2 90.1 97.2 102,260m 92.7* 95.6* 98.4* 82.2 85.8 89.9 84.1 90.8 95.8

7.5m 89.2 93.6 102.6 88.6 93.5 100.9 79.7 82.5 84.1

LNP 15m 77.2 84.9 96.8 79.2 84.9 90.1 72.1 78.4 82.330m 67.9 76.9 87.9 68.0 72.8 77.6 66.9 72.9 77.360m 73.1, 76.6* 80.3* 61.1 68.0 71.4 62.8 67.7 72.2

7.5m 81.4 97.5 120.7 93.6 106.1 127.8 70.7 75.2 78.0

TNI iSm 68.9 83.7 110.6 78.0 91.7 106.1 54.8 67.7 74.730m 52.2 69.8 94.1 67.7 69.9 83.7 47.5 59.0 65.66Ore 61.3' 70.7* 77.8* 47.4 54.8 59.3 41.4 51.2 59.5

* The data for Interstate highways do no_ include recordings at Lhe 60-mmicrophone posltJ.onfor the B-W PK_ site.

63

13o Interstate Secondary Intersection

L,, 110 L8 " L8 L8

100

-_ 90

j_ 70-la.

50

t ] 1 _ I I I I I [ I...... 40 7.5 15 30 6,, 7.5 15 30 60 7.5 15 30 60

DISTANCE,m

Figure 27. Varlat_on of observed rallies of LEQ, LEQP, and LB wi_h

diBtance for Interstate and secondary hlghways and for

_ntersectlons, The solld symbols represent the average

ratlngs over all record_zlgs a_ all a_tes of a glven type.

The error bars represent _he rangas of the ra_ings.

64

130 Interstate Secondary Intersection120

..J

Tln

C_

_ 90

_. 80

¢== LNP

=._':=70 .L "TLIO LNP= = --_ua60

50

J. I I J J r i I I I f f40 7 5 15 30 60 7.5 15 3(] 60 7.5 15 30 60DISTANCE,rn

Figure28. Variationof observedvalues of bl0 and LNP with distance forInterstateand secondaryhighwaysand for intersections.

65

_:_ :_H,:•''_='"•.................

13oI Interstate Secondary Intersection

120..J

> 110

100

.,'= 90

_ 80

_ 70

_ 60

_= 50 THI

40 I I J I I "_7,5 15 30 60 7.5 15 30 60 7.5 15 30 60

DISTANCE,m

Figure 29. Variation of observed values of TNI with distance [or Interstate

and secondary highways and for intersections.

66

130 Interstate Secondary Intersection120

> 110,,,.I

w 100I,--

,.,,_ 901 L8

_. 80

_ 70

_ 60

50 [NI

40 I [ I / I [ I I I f J7.5 15 30 60 7.5 15 39 60 7.5 15 30 60

DISTANCE,m

Figure 30. Variacion, wich dlscance, of averages of observed values of

LEQ, LEQP, LH, LIO. LNP. and TNI.

67

%

!i LEQ- lOlog lO (6)

• ' ' _ wherer_ DVD

1 LE%j Lij÷lOl°glS_"_iJ+15fOE5°-26.1Eis the predicted equivalent sound level due to the i-th class of vehicle traveling inthe J-th lane and

--Lij- National Reference Energy Mean Emission Level for the i-th class of vehiclewhen traveling at speed SiJ in the J-th lanep

traffic flow (vehicles/hr) for the i-th class of vehicles in the

Vii " J-th lane,

- traffic speed (kln/hr)for the i-th class of vehicles in theSiJ J-th lane,

D. " distance (m) From the observation point to the center of theJ J-th lane,

D - 15 m is the reference distance to which the reference energy

o mean emission levels correspond and,

3 total number of lanes,

The National Reference Energy Mean Emission levels[4] for automobiles (i-l), m_diumtrucks (i-2), and heavy trucks {i-3) are given by

LIj - -2.4 + 38.0 Slj, (ga)

L2j - 16.4 + 33.9 Sij, (8b)

and L3j - 38.5 + 24.6 Sij. (8c)

In addition to comparing observed and predicted values of LEQ, a comparison wasmade of observed and predicted values of SIC, the standard deviation of theA-welghted sound levels. For this the analysis of Murze (see Appendix D) was used.The standard deviations of sound levels, for mixes of automobiles, medium trueksp and

heavy trucks, were calculated from the expression

Sl_ = 4.34 _ , (9)

68

where _2 is the second-order cumulant (or seml-invarlant) which was computed from

I 3 J LIj/5 O,106oi_>-j_.vljlOI000 i=l SiJ DJ3 e

K2 = _ (10)

• Li/i0eo.0265oi_Li_I j=l sij Dj

where _I' 02' and _3 were computed from Eqs, (D._). (D.6), and (D,8), respectively,

in Appendix D, Lij was obtained from

nlj" _Ij-o.ns°It (u)

and the other quantities are as defined above,

In computing LEQ and ST_ from the above expressions, it was assumed that alltraffic in a given direction was traveling at the average speeds glvan in Table 2 andthat the vehicle mlxas given in Table 3 were unlformly distributed among the lanes ina given direction.

The deviations, in decibels, between observed and predicted values of LEQ andSTG _or the 75 recordings corresponding to constant-speed traffic conditions arelisted in Table 28. The first three columns, corresponding to the same columns inTables 2 and 3, identify the site, the date, and the time at which recordings wereinitiated. The next four columns gives in order, the deviations, observed minuspredicted, _or the LEO values for the 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 m microphone positions,respectively. The last foi]rcolumns, sire the deviations between the observed andpredicted SIC values. For each site, the average (over all recording sessions atthat site) deviations are also given for each mlcrophsne position.

In Figures 31 and 32 the average (over all recording sessions at a particularsite) observed values of LEQ are compared with the average predicted values of LEQfor each of the five sites where there was essentially constant speed traffic. Inthese figures, the solid lines represent the predicted values while the data points

correspond to the observed LEQ values. At _he COHSAT and 195 sites the averagepredicted values are within about+3/-2 dB of the observed values at the throe microphone

posi_lons nearest to £be highway At the B-W PKWY site and at the two secondary roadsites, Lbe observed and predicted values are within + 2 dB at the 7.S-meter microphoneposition hut the observed values fall off more rapld_? with distance than thepredicted values ; the reason for this phenomenon is not evident.

In Figures 33 and 34 the average observed and predicted values of gIG, the standarddeviation of the A-welghted sound levels, are compared, At all sites and st allmicrophone positions, these averages agree to wJLhln +1.3/-i.i dB. At the COMSAT andRT.28 sites, and the observed values of gig do not fall off as rapidly with dls=ancebetween the 30-meter and 60-meter microphone positions as do the predicted values. Atthe 195 site the observed values of SIS are systematically hlgher than the predictedvalues. At the B-W PKNY and GUDE DR. sites, the observed values of SIC tend to fall

off more rapidly with dista.cu Ulan the predicted values, for reasons which are notknown at present.

69

Table 28. Deviations, in decibels, between observed _nd predicted

values of LEQ and gIG for constant-speed traffic.

LEQ gIG

Slte Date a Time of Microphone Locution Hicrophone Location

: Inltlatlo_i 7.5 15 30 60 7.5 16 30 60

3OMSAT 15 1510 0.6 -2.1 -0.9 -2.6 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.7

15 1600 1.8 -I.S -0.4 -3.0 0.4 0.5 1.0 I.i

15 1700 0.8 -2.3 -O.i -2.6 -1.5 -0.9 -0.3 0.5

A_c_rage i.i -2.1 -0.5 -3,4 -0.3 -0.1 0.5 i.i

[95 23 1400 3.0 2.8 -0.3 -0.5 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.1

23 1500 2.0 1,2 -1.6 -1,7 0.5 0,9 1.3 1.0

23 1600 1.3 1,4 -1.9 -0,2 -0.5 0.0 0.5 0.8

: 33 1700 1.9 2,7 0.5 0.8 -0.4 0.2 0.6 1.0Avqrag e 2.1 2.0 -0.8 -0.4 0,4 0.9 1.3 1.2

i-W P_4Y 20 1420 -0.7 -3.9 -7.2 -- 0.5 0.4 -0.3 --

20 1500 -0.3 -4.0 -7.2 -- 0.5 O,3 -0.4 --

21 1515 -0.4 -3,1 -5.8 -- 0.7 -0.5 -1.1 --

21 1600 -0.4 -3.9 -5.8 -- -0.2 -0.7 -1.1

21 1700 -0.5 -4.9 -6.7 -- -0.0 -0.4 -0.7

Averag_ -0.5 -4.0 -6.5 -- 0.3 -0.2 -0.7 --

IT. 28 17 ].300 -i.O -4.3 -6.8 -3.6 0.7 -0.I -0.9 -i.0

17 1415 1.5 -1.3 -3.5 -2.3 3,0 2.0 -0,5 0.8

17 1500 0.g -1.9 -6.5 -6,1 -0.9 -0.0 -1.6 -0.8

17 1600 -i.i -4.1 -6.9 -2.9 -0.6 -0.8 -1.3 -0.9

Average 0.1 -2.9 -5.9 -3.7 0.6 0.1 -l.1 -0.5

IUDE DR. 16 1400 I._ -2.7 -4,2 -8.1 0.4 1.0 -0.i -0._

16 1500 -0.8 -0.8 -4.7 -10.2 1.7 1.6 0.7 -0.2

16 1600 -0.5 0.0 -3.5 -7.5 -0.3 -0.2 -0.6 -1.016 1700 0.4 i,I -3.1 -8.2 -0.4 -0.5 -I.i -1.4

Average 0,i -0.6 -3.9 -8,5 0.4 0.5 -O,S -0.7

nail dates correspond _o a calendar day in June 1977,

70

loo COMSAT 1-95 B-WPkwy,

"= 90

;::=,¢4,,I,..,4

I-,,-;Z=

60 •

50 J _ I r J I _ r z J _ J7,5 15 30 60 7.5 15 30 60 7,5 15 30 60

DISTANCE,m

Figure 31. Comparison of average observed (d_Ica points) and predicted

(solid lines) va]ues of LEQ for the three IilCerscate high-

I way sites.

71

.; : loo Rt. 28 GudeDr.

90

._ 802 ...I

_ 70

,,_ 60i

F

I

50 I i i i f I J7.5 ]5 30 60 7.5 15 30 60

.. DISTANCE,m

Figure 32. Comparison of average observed (data points) and predlcted(eolld llnes) values of LEQ for the secondary road sites.

iJ

i 72I

f

i

]

COMSAT 1-95 B-WPkwy

8

i " -6

\_42 f I I I l I I ] l J I F

7.5 15 30 60 7,5 15 30 60 7,5 15 30 60

DISTANCE, m

Figure 33, Comparison of averaBa obsorved (da_a points) and predicted(solld _$nes) values of 8_G fo_ _he thre_ IntersPace hiGh-

way altes.

73

Rt. 28 GudeDr.

i 6

4 •

2 W I I I I I I I7,5 15 30 60 7.5 15 30 60

DISTANCE,m

Figure 34. Compariaon of average observed (data poLncs) and predicted(soidd 11nes) values of SlO for the two secondary road sites.

74

bl

4.2 Si:lgl_Eve.t Nol_ R_rdi.b_

The most-commonly used descriptors of slngle-vehlcl¢ passbys are thesound exposure level, gEL, and the "i0 dg down time", the length of time duringwhich the sound level is within i0 dB of its maximum value. These descriptorsare tabulated in Tables 29-31 for the slxtean vehicles for which slngZe-vehlclepassby recordings were made. Table 29 corresponds to the 88 km/hr (55 mph) pasflbys,Table 30 =o the 56 hm/hr (35 mph) passhys, and Table 31 to the stop-and-go passbys.In these tables, the data for the five Nova, two _varlck and three Chevett_automobiles have been grouped together, and arithmetically averaged values of gELand the i0 dB down time are shown for each model of automobile, In addition, the

averages over all ten automobiles are shown. The averages over the four trucksare given also.

In Fig. 35 the average A-welghted sound exposure levels are shown versusdistance for automobiles and for trucks. The "error bars" for the trucks show

the range of gEL values for the four trucks. The error bars for the automobilesshow the range of the averages for the three models of automobiles (not therange for the ten Indlvldual vehicles). For all three types of passhys, theaverage values of gEL decreased, on the average, by about 6 decibels perdoubling of distance.

Figure 36 shows the average values and the ranges of the 10 dB down times[or automobiles and for trucks. The symbols otherwise have the same meaningas in Fig. 35. For the co.stant-speed passbys, the lg dg down times roughlydoubled in going from the 7.5 meter microphone position to the 30-meterposlt_on.

75

f

JI

tim "Table 09. Summary of gEL values and "10 dB down es for slngle-vehlcle

paasbys at nominally 88 km/hr (65 m_h). (Values shoi_n inparentheses are somewhat uncertain due to the limited dynamic

range available at the 60-m_ter microphone posltio,, where _he

Levels produced by the vehicles dld not much exceed theback round noise levels.)

gEL I0 dB down t::_e

Vehicle Vehicle Run 8icrophone Location Microphone Locatlon

Class Type Code 7,5 15 30 60 7.5 15 30 60

Au_omobllea Nova S-55-AI 79.6 78.9 64,8 57,6 2.1 8.0 4.7 ii.0

S-55-A4 77.3 72.3 64.1 58,0 1.9 2.9 4.8 (>13.0)

S-85-A5 i74.4 75.1 65.7 58,4 2.1 2,6 5.0 12.6

8-59-A7 77.3 71.5 62.0 52,9 2.3 3.0 5,7 (>13.2)

S-55-A8 78.1 72.1 62.6 53,g 1.9 2,7 6.5 19.2

Averag_ 77.3 73.0 63.8 (56.1) 2.1 2.8 4.9 (?)

Maverick 8-55-A2 81.2 75.0 66,9 61,0 2.1 8.2 5.0 13.1

S-58-AI( 77.8 72.1 63.0 55.4 2.4 3.3 (8.3) 15.3

Average 179,5 73.6 65.0 (58,2) 2.3 3.3 (6.7) (7)

Cbevette 8-55-A3 81.4 76.0 69.2 64.3 1.7 2.6 4.2 8.1

S-55-A6 76.5 74.9 63.9 60.2 2.0 8.0 4.1 (14.8)

8-55-A8 79.2 73.6 64,9 58.2 2.0 2.7 4.3 IL.6

Average 79.0 74.g 66.0 (60.9) 1.9 2.8 4.2 (?)

Average 78.3 73.7 64.7 (58.0) 2.] 2.9 (6,1) (?)

Truck_Truck 1 S-43-TI 87,3 85.0 73.8 67.5 2,3 3.8 6,6 8.7

T_'uck 2 S-95-T2 B5.2 75.7 71.4 65.3 2,6 2.7 4.6 13.3

Truck 5 S-55-T3 91,9 85.6 77.9 71.0 1.7 2.8 2.8 5.9

Truck 4 S-92-T4 90.3 85.3 80,2 74,6 1.7 2.8 4.5 5.6

Average 88.7 82.9 75.8 69.6 2.1 8.0 6.1 8.4

_iscellaneous

Bus S-56-B0: 84.3 78.6 71.2 65,2 2.4 6.2 5.i 11.3

Pickup S-58-P 82.7 76.4 70.1 68.7 1.7 2.4 6.i 7.6

76

L.....

Table 30. Sum_mry of SEL values and "iO dB down clmes" for slnglo-vohlclepassbys a_ 56 km/hr (35 mph). (V,lu_s shown In parencbeso__re Somowhat unc_rCaln due Co th_ limltad dynaml¢ranEo_vailable at the 50-m_cer mlcrophone po_l_lontwhera _he level_produced by _h_ vehlc1_6 d_d not much exceed _he backgroundnoise lovels.)

SEL 10 do down time

Vehicla Vohi¢l_ Run Hicrlpho_e Location Microphone LocationClsss Ty?e Code 7.5 15 30 60 7.5 15 30 60

Nov. S-35-A1 75.0 70.3 52.3 57.1 2.7 _.1 8.4 (>17,7)S-35-A4 73.5 58.3 50.5 56,3 2.7 _._ 14.4 (>20.3)S-35-A5 59._ 70.5 62.4 57.2 2.9 _.2 9.5 (>18.0)S-35-A7 70.9 65,3 56.5 50.5 3.5 _,8 9.8 (>22.8)S-35-A8 72.2 55.7 57,7 52,2 3.2 _,3 11,4 (_21,0)Average 72,4 58.2 59.9 (5_.7) 3.0 _.3 10.7 (_)

Mever_k S-35-A2 75.3 70.5 52,9 57.6 2.9 _.3 7,2 (>_0.0)5-35-A10 74.0 58.2 59,_ 53.3 3.3 _._ 9_3 (>29.7)_ver_se 75.2 69._ 61.2 (55.5 3.1 4,4 8,3 (?)

CheYenne S-35-A3 75.5 59.7 52.5 58.8 2.7 4,3 10.1 (_22.2)S-35-A6 75,8 70.5 53.5 50.1 2.9 _,7 9.4 (>29,2)S-35-A. 173,5 68.2 59._ _3.5 3.1 _.2 8.7 (_2,0)Aver_ 75.0 _9.5 51,8 (57.5 ¸ 2.9 4.4 9.4 (?)

Aver._e 73.7 68.8 50,? (55,7¸ 3.0 _,4 9.8 (?)

T_ucksTru_k 1 S-35-T1 87.9 82.0 75.2 70.1 1,7 2,5 5._ 13.4

Truck 2 $-35-T2 82.0 79.2 68.7 53,1 2,9 5.0 5.0 13.8

Truck 3 S-35-T3 85.1 79.6 73.5 68,1 2.8 _.i 7.4 13,7

Truck 4 S-35-T4 85.5 80.7 75.5 68,5 2.3 4,_ 5.3 7,9

Aver_ 85.4 80.4 ?3.5 57.5 2.4 4.0 5._ 12.2

77

"] Table 31. Summary of $8L values and "i0 dB down t_nes 'tfor slngle-vehlcle

I I's_op_and-got'pas_hys. (Values shown in parentheses are_omewhat uncertain due co the limlt_d dynamic range availableat the 60-motor microphone posStlon, where _he levels produced

! by _he vehlcles dld noc mu_h exceed the background ,olse levels.)

8EL I0 dB down tlma

Vehicle Vehicle Run Microphone Location Microphone Location

Class Type Code 7.5 15 30 60 7.5 15 20 60

Nova 8-18T-A 78.2 72.4 64.8 60.5 4.2 6.1 9.5 (>84.5)

S-INT-A4 76.6 70.9 64.3 61.5 4.0 5.5 8.7 (_68.0)

S-INT-A5 178.1 72.3 64.9 61.2 5.5 7.0 11.8 (_64.7)

S-INT-A7 75.8 69.8 60.5 54.3 3.6 5.4 9.1 (>52.6)

S-INT-A8 175.2 69.4 60.9 56.3 4.4 5.9 10.5 (>71.3)Average 76.8 71.0 63.1 (58.8) 4.3 6.0 9.9 (7)

Haver_ck S-INT-A2 78.5 72.9 66.3 62.0 4.2 6.7 8.8 18.4

S-_NT-AI( 77.0 71.2 62.8 56.9 3.9 8.0 7.7 (42.1)

Average 77.8 72.1 64.6 (59.4) 4.1 5.9 8.3 (7)

Chevet_e S-INT-A3 77.9 73.7 68.6 64.8 4.0 5.3 9.9 (48.9)

S-1NT-A6 76.2 73.0 68.8 65.5 6.1 6.7 7.4 (32.6)

S-INT-A9 76.9 71.3 62.7 57.4 3.3 5.3 11.4 (43.1)Average 77.0 72.7 66.6 (62.4) 4.5 5.8 9.6 (?)

Average 77.I 71.7 64.5 (60.0) 4.3 5.9 9.5 (?)

: TrucksTruck 1 g-INT-TI 91.9 88.3 79.9 73.0 6.1 15.8 14.2 23.9

Truck 2 S-INT-T2 89.4 86.9 77.O 71.4 6.9 12.0 11.4 17.8

: T_uck 3 8-1NT-T3 88.9 84.3 76.7 71.2 6.1 7.8 8.6 14.6

Truck 4 S-INT-T4 93.9 89.4 83.0 75.9 7.1 i0.6 14.3 15.0

Average 91.0 87.0 79.2 72.9 6.6 ii.5 12.1 17.8

_:_seellan_ous

8us S~INT-BU6 88.2 81.6 74.4 69.4 4.7 4.8 13.2 23.4

Pickup 6-1NT-P 83.9 78.3 71.7 67.4 1.9 8.2 6.9 7.6

78

1oo 88km/hr 56 km/hr Stop-and-go

90.=a

: ' " _. Trucks rrucksZ:,.,, 80

= 70

_ 60

; 507.5 15 30 60 7.5 15 30 60 7.5 15 30 60

OISTAHCE, m

Figure 35. Variation of obsorved values of SEL with distanc_ for _he threepassbyeondlttonsused for tilesingle-eventrecordings. Thetriangfes represent the average values and the error bars represent

the range of values for the four tru_ks thzzt were te_ted. The

circles represent tile average values for the ten automobiles that i

were tested and _he error bars represent the range of values Eor i

the _hree models of automobiles.

i

32 88 km/hr 56 km/hr Stop-and-go

• 16

L Ozb_

I.,-

i_= 4

: '+' t I I I r r

I 7.5 15 30 60 7.5 15 30 60 7.5 15 30 60

DISTANCE,m

J

Flgure 36. Variation of observed values of the i0 dB down tlme withdistance for the three passby conditions used for the single-event recordings. The symbols have _he same meanings as in

Fig. 35_

8O

..... i¸ _ ............ _: _.. ...... .

1 5. References

: .. i!'1 [1] Highway Noise Criteria, F}R_A Order No. 6-3-0154 (g September 1976).

I [2] Huller, J.J., Assessment of annoyance due to varying noise levels with

I particular reference to aircraft noise, J. Sound Vib. 19, 287-298q (lg71).

{ [3] Matschat, K., Muller, H, A,, and Zimmerman, G., On the formulation of

_ noise indices, Acustlca 37, 267-279 (1977).

[4] Attachment 3 to FHWA Technical Advisory T 5040,5, gand-lleld Calculator

Listings for the F|_;A Highway Traffic Noise Pr_dlction Model (September

5, 1978); also see Barry, T, H., and Reagan, J, A,, _IWA Highway Traffic

Noise Prediction Model, Rept. No, P}{WA-RD-77-108 (Federal Highway Admlnl-

stratlon, Washington, D.C., December 1978),

i

AcknowledgEments

The authors thank Tbomas N. Bartel, William F. Danner, James H. Helnen,

Hobart S, Koyanagi, and Denzll E. Hathews for their assistance in .cqulrlng and

• analyzing the recordings of trafflc noise. Special thanks go to Gene Godwin,

of NASA Wallops Flight Center, for his excellent assistance in carrying out the

slmulated-trafflc study.

s.1

Appendix A.

Description of Sites for Actual-Highway Nohe Recordings,

Information concerning each of the seven measurement sites tlsedfor the traffic _oise tape recordings dis_uss&d in Section 2 ispresented in this appendix. For each of the sites, a photograph(taken from a position near that of the 60-m microphone) showinga segment of the roadway at the site and several of the microphonepositions used for the recordings at that site is included. Also,plan view drawings of each site, indicating the dJmenslons of theroadway in the vicinity of the site and the o_lentation of themicrophone array to the roadway, are presented in this appendix.Traffic speeds, flow rate, and mixes for each site are given in Tables2 and 3 in the main body of this report. For the two sites wherethere was an intersection, additional details are given in tblsappendix concerning th_ traffic cotlnts.

A-I

Figure A1. Photograph of Interstate 270 a= COMSATsite,

Ii

1

r I

.... .2 ........t

mlcropho_° array

L_n_ 2 3 6

OiaLanca (_) rr_s lann 3,5 22,2 25.7

CI*_o yete_enca location

(eL of Lano l)

FiKure ^2, Pl_n view of COHSATt_s¢ wltu_ four JanaN o( b_tumlnous

¢oncr_(e _Ith 3,5 m p_wd u_tur shaulders, 1,2 _ |nnor

Jhou[dcrI, and _raes medlan.

A-2

/

FJgure A3, Photograph of Zn_erstace 95 at 195 site.

.............. 7-........

!

/

1

I mtcr°ph°n¢ Array

/

1,aria 2 3 6 $ 6 77_ 8

Utu_ance (m) from 3,7 7,4 11,1 70,5 7t',2 7

I_.oCL ro rn[er_ncc

Inc_clpn (CL of L_no 1)

Vfl]_ru A4, Plan v_ev of I_5 _oit AlEUt aL_hc l_noJ of co.crute _,llh 3,2 m

A-3

Figure AS, Photograph af the IlalLlmore*lla_lNgton Parkway at 0-M P_Y

4

3

l

]mJrr¢_plt_nu arr,ly

I,al_u 2 ] 4

l_arlon (¢[. uf Lan_ I)

and ]*5 m {fnr_ld_) ln_¢r _hnuld_r_ t _p_cod I_ _T_LS_

Figure M, Photograph of _o_te Eft ac RT, E8 site.

...... J .........L

1 mtcr+phon,+ ar_+y

Dlut_nc¢ from Ln_¢ _ cunterll_e r. refere.eo I_m4rton {CL of La_e I)l_ 3,5 m,

F'lguru AB, ILInn view a_ R_, 28 r_,N_ ulrul l_ laae_ uf 511L_mlno._

con_recu _J_ll _r_ve) _h_.)d_ru (_f 2,9 m near _Jdu, _.l

A-5

Figure Ag. Photograph of G_de Drive at GUDEDR, site. (Note: The microphoneswere not In theft proper posf_fons at the Lime this photograph wastaken,)

1

' _ m]cr°P_'°Me array

Distance from Lane 2 ¢enterIIne to reference

locatfon (CL of Lane 1) is 3,7 m,

Ffgure A]O, plan view of GUDEDR, _es[ sl&e: (_o lanes ofDILwmlaous co_cre_e with 9ravel shoulders of 3.7 m,

A-6

__

r__

_-

_

Ta51o Al+ Doea$|ed erefflc coonta at 355 & 51LADyGE* slte* Junn 12, [977,

Vehfcla NixTime of

[nlt_atlon Trafflc Lanea m Total Traffle Race b _ Autos. HodKum TrUekn Z lluqv y Trueka

1400 AIN 450 B7,4 7.8 4.9

BIN 770 92.5 5.7 1.7

OIN 810 B4,a §.4 9._

DIN 720 87,B 7.9 4,3

• ]: i |500 AIN 420 93,3 1.9 4.8

_IN 740 92.5 $._ 2.2

CI_ fOlD 87.0 7.1 5*9

DIN 850 85,3 6.7 B.O

1600 AIN 450 95,$ 0.9 3,6

BIN 820 92.1 4.9 3.0

CIH _SSO 9L,_ 6.0 2,6

DIN 870 90.3 6,0 3,7

1700 AI_ 460 94.B 4.3 0,9

Biq 750 95,8 2,6 0.5CI_ 2240 97.9 1.1 1.1

DIN H20 9&.7 3.4 1.9

a_ee F_sure A12

bTotal vehicle, per hour a5 computed from the trafflc counts over the duration of the no(se recordln0sdue to roufldlng these MN_bers moy not sum to the tote] near-side and far-side traffic fetes 91yen In

Table 3,

A-8 !]r

.__

r_

g_'g

y

og_

g

Tsbla A2, D_aLled trmtft¢ counL| at 355 _ Q,O, IL_. st_a_ Juna 2A. L977,

Vihl_le Hl_Tlml of

Z_ _ aL on . T_nft_ Ls_a a _o_al TrAffic I_ta _ _ AUtos. _ MI_L_ Teucks _ I]anvy Tr_c_l

1_4_ k_ 1210 94.7 _.9 lt_

/_0_t_ 970 _4.2 _.O _*a

B_H 210 %.9 4.t _D

_OP_" 670 9_.2 S.8 1.9

L_15 _ 1_0 9_.? 4.5 1._

AOLr_ 10_0 90.6 6.2 _._

_ 310 90.5 5._ _.1

_0_" _ 9_.8 5.8 1._

16_0 _I_ 19_0 %.8 ]._ L.0

_L_" 1150 %.4 _.2 2.5

_0UT _70 95.7 _._ _.4

1700 A_ 27_Q 96.8 1.2 0.0

AOL_ 1_20 %.3 _.O 0.7

_:r/' 900 9_.6 1_ 0.0

• ._ b_or_ t wllteLos par Imu= _ C_mpo_o_ f_ _ t_Affl_ ¢O_S over _he dur_o_ _f t_ no]s_ _e_Drd_;_ue _ _und]ng t_eSe number_ m_y ,_ _U_ _ lh_ _oLa| neJ_°sl_ an_ f_r-$1de t_ fflc r_tes O)_e_ _Ta_o 3.

/

L

r

Appendix B.

Spectra front tim ActuaWrraffie Recordings

This appendix includes tables of the 1/3-octave band spectra,corresponding to LEQ, L1, LIO, LSO, L90, and L99, for all 107 aetual-craffSe recordings. The 1/3-octave band sound pressure levels arerelative to a referencesound pressureof 20pPa and are expresseddndecibels for tilei/3-oetavebands havSngcenter frequenciesfrom50 to i0,000IIz, The data recordingand analysis proceduresar_described£n Sections2.3 and 2.4, respectively,of the main bodyof the report. Representativedace are presented in Secclon2.5.1.Wherever a level was at or below =be baseline level of the real-timeanalyzers,during the analystso[ that recording,it was replacedby tlm value of zero. In addltdon_plots of the data are includedforehe LEQ, LI, LI0, and LSO spectra. The spectral tablesand plots areIn the order glvenbelow:

Time ofSite Datea Initiation Tabulated Plotted

COMSAT 15 1510 Page B-2 Page B-315 1600 B-4 B-515 1700 B-6 B-7

195 23 1400 B-8 B-923 1600 B-IO B-1123 1600 B-]2 B-1323 1700 B-14 B-15

B-WPKWY 20 1420 B-16 B-1720 1500 B-18 B-1021 1515 B-20 B-2121 1600 B-22 B-23

...... 21 1700 B-24 B-25

RT. 28 17 1300 B-26 B-2717 1415 B-28 B-2917 1500 B-30 B-3117 1600 B-32 B-33

GUD6 DR. 16 1400 B-34 B-3516 1500 B-36 8-3716 1600 B-38 B-3916 1700 B-40 B-41

355 & 22 1400 B-42 B-43SHAnY GR. 22 1500 B-44 B-45

22 1600 B-46 B-4722 1700 8-48 B-49

355 & 24 1445 B-50 B-51Q. O. RD. 24 1515 B-52 B-53

24 1600 D-54 B-5524 1700 B-56 B-57

aA11 dates correspond to a calendar day in June 1977.B-1

oo

ooo

Qoo

oao

ou

oo

.mo_

ome_

zoo

oo

o_o

oo

ooo

_oD

__o

e_o

_e_

oo

oo

_oo

oo

ooo

oo

o_o

°o_o

°_°

_o

oo

Qo

o_o

oo

oo

ooo

_oo

oao

=uo

..*_*

,.***

......

.***

**.*

_...

.....,

.***

_....

..***

.=

_oo

°*

°.

......

......

......

......

._;

_;;;

;_;;

_;_;

_-_

z

o,o

_.,..

.,**.

,*...

,*...

o_

-,**

_,*,

*o,*

,.*,*

**_*

.*=o

_

S]_[t Dnl[u llMEt

B-3

oD

=o_=

Do

oeo

ouo

o--m

om_o

m=_

z

°.°°

.**.

.**°

o.*°

*_.*

°*,_

*_**

°***

**,*

**,_

*.**

_*°o

o

%•

..,...

..°..*

.**.

._°*

.o,o

-

Ca_n_ ,_ JUNE77 1600

g( gD . • ..... , • • , . , , . . , • • , • , r _

4a --_'3 LZT6' 2_[}1, _E_I tQ_OIt j_OCol , _OUa'J j_O_" 8_ _ _0 _0 _J_ _0_ _ 0__CO_J[_Cy,_ z FHE_U_'CY,_

B-5

o_o

oo

ooo

_oo

oo

oQ

_oo

e°o

__

oo

oo

oo

ooo

oo

oo

oo

w_o

om

oo

uo

**.*

*.-.

°*-°

*-*°

-o,°

-**o

o**

....,*

*_,*

**0.

**,*

**_o

****

o*°*

.°..,

°o_*

*°°.

*°o_

oo

o*o

oao

ooo

oo

_oo

_oo

o_*

a¢o

_oo

ooo

oo

o_o

oo

*oo

oo

oo

oo

o©

.lj_'

w_'

'__

!..

!

i1

_t

:_i+

+_

OO

QO

OO

OO

OO

OO

OD

O_O

O_O

OW

O_

=O00

0000

0000

000_

O00

mO

0_O

,..oo

.+,_

.+o

**,,*

o.*

°_*_

m._

*,°o

.o**

..°*.

*o°-

*o,-

om

g_

.,*o.

°,°.

o*o*

.,°o.

°°*_

,o_

o00

+m

_--

mm

++

----

o+

a+o

¢m=+

+o

eo+

,o+

_+o+

oooo

+oo

o++

¢.¢o

o

m.+

++

++

++

++

++

++

mo

+m

or

mom

+_+

++

--+

a_m

++

mo+

¢o+

++++++++++++++om+m++r

oooo

+o+

oo¢+

+oo

ooom

oooo

¢++

-u_m

_©+

+m

muu

+-+

o+m

m©

oooo

.++

_+o.

-mm

mo-

+m

o-o©

_oa

¢+oo

+oo

o0o+

oa¢o

o+ao

'o0o

oooo

_mo+

_+o-

+m

mm

mm

m+

+m

+

is3

_czA

w_

_LE

v_.._

.m_

_tOJ

,PA

1.'3

_C?

AY

I__I-

_¥r.

L._.

_E_C

a,P

R

__

'°

,/

.I

!ii

itN

m

.l_lt

e.le

_Ott

.lllt

..t.e

¢O_

tl'lD

e'lt

tltt

tttl

t'ltl

'l¢_

<

°.*o

*°*°

°_°*

*,**

**°*

*°*_

-_

o•

,,,,i, ,,.,,,,..,..,..

., B-11

,*°.

°,,*

•

.._°.

,,.**

o.*

,...._

.._._

o

,*..o

*,._

....,,

*,*,

.*o

.oo

_

I

Iz |IT[_ DAt_ 11n[_

Qo

S3 12b _a _GO I_QO _00Q *_OQ _.:0 _6_ _ _2_" "_'0_ '_' ' I _ , _ _ , _ , , r ,

B-13

m

II'lll

lllil_

llll'O

lllllb

_pl

{llll

lltlll

llllll

llal_

_

=I

oooo

......

_...

.....

_...

.o

_o.o

o_o

.o_o

_...

._

......

_o

N

, i

IfTE, O_T£, TtME_ I

i •

_ _°

_ _-._

oooo

o=D

oo_o

ou

oo.

m_e

_ooe

=

%%

*.*,

,*..*

,*°*

,,*e.

o**.

.om

_°o°

,*.,_

°,*°

*,,o

..,*,

*_

J

B.W _W_ 2D au_( 77 14_

: B-17

°,_*

,*o*

°*.*

*°°*

**°.

..o._

%

._**

°*,*

*°,*

.**°

*,,o

°°._

o

***,

*,°*

..°°°

.***

..,,,*

_o_

:_'_°°_ _o _"_"_i__i_4C, i_ ]_ 2bO _00 t_QO _GGC 40_0 _.'_0 _ Z _ _

_REO_£_V ,H! rH[OU_N[_,M_

B-19

B

oooo

o.oo

.°oo

_oo_

.o....

.._

_--

-_

---

_[T[I _nT£* Tl_[I

oo

oo

oo

oo

oo

oo

oo

o_o

oo

_oo

_o_

i

......

:.o

;...

...-

--k

N_

****

***-

-***

****

****

****

**

D.H r_T _I JU_[ _7 l_aO

f., ..... ,.,,,. ,,.,,,-r-,,

______ i___°'__°.........................

?i 71

o_ L , _ .... i , ,i, _4 D . _ , ,

_L _ • 12_ • .2_ • GO0 • 1ooo _Q o _o_ _i_o' _ _ "I_ _'_'_o l L_o_',Q_o' _ _o_ -_

B-25

o_ooo_ooo_o_u_o_m

oe_o_

_D

_m

D__

oaO

OQ

_O

O0_O

__

_

_*°_*°_°_°_°_

oooo

oo_o

_ooo

oo=_

-o._

___o

*_

°_

*_

°_

._

*0*_

****

.*._

**°_

.°**

*..

o__

-_=_

=_

_IT[, _Altn IJ_ELN3, 2a I_ JUN_ 7_ ]9_0

¢

90 '_,n b_rl_ r , _ _ b , i __,_ .....O_ 12_ _0 0 DO _ 0 L .0 6J 12_* 2_0 6OO IOa_ _C_ _O0(J _,0_0

B-27

o_em

Ju_N

oooo

oaoo

omco

_oo_

oo_o

oom

ooo¢

oooo

oooo

oo©

_o_o

mo°

uD_

oo¢o

¢ooo

¢ooo

o¢oo

o¢oa

oo_o

_i_

__

___'

;:.

......

......

......

....

,**.

..,°.

.._.°

°a.°

.,,,._

=_.°

,.°°.

.o,°

.°.°

°¢...

**°

or

*°.*

...**

*,°°

o_°.

,.°*.

*_

°**.

*°*.

.°**

°o**

,*°°

**,o

o

m_

NN

_NN

NN

UN

_NN

NN

_N_

_N_

uNN

_NuN

NN

_NN

_N_N

_

°oo°

_g_g

_...

.°.

.°.o

°°°°

o°°o

°.o0

.0_

51T_I DRI[_ TIMt__T* _B 17 JU_ 17 1415

B-29

:i'/

+.

++

iO

OO

00_D

DO

OQ

O_O

_aO

eNaO

e_

%%

+m

++

++

m+

m+

o+

+m

mm

+o

--m

+e+

or**

..**

+.

•*

*..-

.

mm

_u_+

))*+

++

)+l*

+m

++

++

++

r<•

mm

+o+

m+

++

++

++

m+

m+

++

++

++

+r_

i+

m_©

++

_++

o:m

_+m

s+_m

+-.

_m+

--.m

++

oom

mm

mm

++

m+

o+m

_+m

--m

m

+o

ooo

mm

umm

m:_

++

mo

--o_

m.+

:o

ooo

oom

m_©

+oo

m:0

m_+

m_w

+

N;

Slr[I 0_I£J TIM[t_I, 2a I? aurl_ 1_ _bOD

a_ LI :< LSO-- "G

_ , . _ , ,_k , , i , , L , i i i_ 40 ...... i i , i , i

U( i_ , , , , . . , • . , r _ , i ', . , , , , , , , _ , , , , , , , ,_-r_-, ,

B-31

om

_m_N

__

.-_

m

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

mm

_]TE_ O_TE, tr_Fi

E

S_D _ooo 7OO0 _OOO _C._ 6_ ' J]_l5 , _51o, 6_ D

B-33

m

:O00

0_O

OO

aOO

UQ

O_O

D_O

m_

:oao

o_O

Oo

mao

_oo

_oe_

om

_D

OO

OO

OO

OO

QO

OO

OO

DO

OO

=OO

UO

_O

0000

_O0_

QO

QO

OO

_OO

O_O

OU

O<

****

****

****

****

****

****

*•

****

**.°

*.....

.*

o.*

.o,*

***°

*°o

*°**

*°**

o*o

•o

.*o

*,°*

*°0..°

.***

.,.o

OUOEOR, 3B _UNC_7 14QO

P_

i °7o

.. x L_O • LI X LGO

• i ,_ SO 6_' 12_ _

: B-35

_UU

u_m

mm

a_m

ueD

_eos

D

......

......

......

•...

......

....

k,

,. ,..

_rlE_ _TE I

B-37

oooo

aooo

oooo

ooom

Doo

aoo_

ooo

oooo

oooo

Qoo

o_oo

o_ou

o_ z

__

--et

te_e

tt)s

el_e

ltt_

e__

N;

+**

o,+

oo**

,***

++**

.,*o*

+o_

°°°+

°+--

:_m

m+

m+

_--'+

°++

mm

_m_

°++

_u+

mm

--°°

mm

°_+

m_+

mm

--_

SIT(r DriVEl TI_EIOUDCp_, 16 JUN[?? [6QQ

B-39

+

+=O

O00

_OO

OD

OO

QO

OD

OO

O_O

ON

O_

g_

°_

o+

mm

+.m

:+m

+m

+m

+m

mm

----

--m

+o

mo

+.m

+m

m+

mom

+_m

m.-

---

_m+

mo+

+m

mm

m+

+m

o_:=

+m

+m

+m

--+

mm

+o

++

+om

oom

mo-

-mo

+m

+m

++

:o

oo

Do

ooo

ooo

o+o

°o+

°°m

°+_°

_oo

oo+

omo

ooo

o+m

omoo

ooo

o+

o_

_uu+

++

++

+l+

+m

m=+

++

m+

++

++

m_+

+o+

++

++

++

_o+

++

++

--+

+m

--m

+m

N--

--m

oW

+m

--W

m:r

om

+m

+m

m+

+o

--m

_mm

_m+

m+

+m

++

r

_++

+_+

mm

++

++

+o=

+o+

_+m

+m

.mm

=m+

++

+m

_m_+

_++

m+

=m_<

u+

om+

++

om+

e+m

+m

m+

m_m

w'=

r+

om_©

.+m

+-m

mm

++

++

+m

++

ow-r

llelll

lelll

+lll

l++

l+lll

lw_

_+

I+II

IIII

III+

IIII

IIII

III'_

w

**°0

,,°...

.,***

,,+**

*+*

o...

...°

°._*

*°**

.°°°

***,

oo

.+

.+•.

...........................

..

.•

, _,r,..,,, ........................ .............. ,

SI_[f D_TE_ Tl'_lQU_e DR, 16 _U_E_? 17_D

B-41

.°o*

..°°°

.°._

oo°.

°**_

*.o_

°***

*,,*

o°°.

_°.1

..,**

,°*o

_*o

o°°°

*°.,°

°*..*

°**°

o**=

_r_

m

g_

,.o°°

,,***

,**.

,°,.o

.._oo

_..o

_,*_

.*,.°

°.,°

o**°

_**_

m

o°,°

°.,..

.***

**,*

***.

_*o=

_o

°.**

..**.

*o*°

*°*o

*,a*

,o_

_m

511_ O_IE_ tf_l3_ * _nOv Gft. 22 ,JUrJF "_7 1400

?,6 M

_°

• LI :< L60

B-43

oooaooQogoo_oo_w

aooooawa

o_aoou_a_o0*_ooaooa_a¢o_

_o_

....._

_-_o_o

_o........................

<o-_oo

_o,o

elo,o*.*o.°.o

.,o.

-o

__*o.,_o

**o,o

*oo

.=o_o

.o..

_.o.°°°o°.°o°o.o°o_o°o*_.

r

BIIC_ 13R_(t T;M[,

i

_(_ GaD L0_O _0_ ,;a(_O _ 6_ _ _0 ,5(;_ I_0 2aO0 _(_0 _(_

e.

n

re[nu[P_CY..r FREQ,_(t_T.*'l

Dt_

*am

)e_e

eSt_

t_le

_t)_

m_

m

N

.°**

._**

*.°.

.._**

°°.*

*o

SlrEI 0_1£_ TI_EI_5_ • q_RDyGH, 22 JU_ _ I_O0

]'- B'q7

••

1.

_*.

*_.

*.°*

*°.°

°°*°

***°

°°..*

.*_*

*.**

.*°°

*°_o

N_

_jT_ _ATf _ T2_

B-49

i

___g

_oo

oooo

ooo°

°°o°

°=°°

°=°°

_°

_._T

_._*

__=

_p°o

_...

......

......

......

...o

m

%

611£I _i£_ IIH£r35_ • 0, 0. AO, 74 JU_ _ 14_5

OQ

OO

O_O

OO

_DO

_OO

--m

O_O

Qe_

DO

OO

OQ

OD

OO

OO

OO

Om

OO

OU

OO

W_

_O

0000

0000

0000

00_O

00_O

OU

O

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

N_

_*_=

_...

._;

__

_=__

-u_

......

......

......

......

._

=-q

****

****

****

****

****

****

***

****

****

****

****

****

***

z

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

3_S * Q. O* _D, 2_ _UNt 7"J JSl_

• , , . , , ._.... , . . , . .--,

Z_O 600 30DO 20_Q _Oa_ ¢C_a '_13' , I __J , t , , ___

¢

500 IO0 _po0 40e_ _ 6 O0 _OQO _000 4ce_ _ ,.

1

B-53

m

o=m

_u_N

P

_I_EI pRI(_ TIMEr

_--_--L_--_ 4__ _ _ _ _ _ ....... _ • _ L • _ _ _ i q

B-55

°°°°

°°Q

°°°°

°_°_

°°oa

o°u

°<

oo

oo_o

ooo

oo

oo

o_o

oo

_oo

uo

,°.,.

°,,,,

,•

•°

%%

****

****

****

****

****

****

*

oo

©.o

o._

=.o

oo

,oo

_a_.

_co

o_

•**

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

***

%%

°.**

,*°*

*o.*

,***

o.**

**.o

o°°

o**,

°.**

*,**

,,°**

°_.o

o

*,_,

,,***

*°o*

°°°°

*°,°

o*oo

_

'+ B-52

_ • + ....

Appendix C.

Desc_pfiom of tim A-Weighted Sound Lcveh for me Actual-Traffic Reeordln_

This appendixincludes, for all 107 actual-trafflcrecordings,(i)plot_ ofthe cumulativeprobabilitydistributionsof the A-welghtedlevelsand (2)tables of

• thevarious descriptorsof the A-welghtedlevels. The probabilitydlstrlbutlons• " (1 to 99 percent) correspondto the entlre durationof each recording, The tabu-_ : laceddescriptorsare given for each 30-s tdme block (the last time blockis the

"left-over"time in excess of an integralmultiple of 30 s) throughoutthedurationof each recordingand also for the entire duration of each recording. The datarecordlngand analysisproceduresare describedin Seetlons2.3 and 2.4,r_spectlvely_of the main body of this report. Representativedata are presentedin 2.5,2, Theplotsand tablesare in the order given below:

Time ofSite Datea Initiation 7.5m 15m 30m 60m .....

£0145AT 15 1510 PageC-2 0-3 C-4 C-515 1600 C-6 C-7 C-7 C-915 1700 C-10 C-ll C-12 C-13

195 23 1400 C-14 C-15 C-16 C-1723 1500 C-18 C-19 C-20 C-2I23 1600 C-22 C-23 C-24 C-2523 1700 C-26 C-27 C-28 C-29

B-W PKWY 20 1420 6-30 C-3I C-32 ---20 1500 C-33 C-34 C-35 ---21 1515 0-36 C-37 C-38 ---

I 21 1600 C-39 C-40 C-41 ---• _ 21 1700 C-42 C-43 C-44 ---

I RT. 28 17 1300 C-45 C-46 C-47 C-4817 1415 C-49 C-50 C-5I C-B217 1500 C-53 C-54 C-55 C-56

1 17 1600 C-57 C-58 C-59 C-60

GUOE OR. 16 1400 C-6] C-62 C-63 C-6416 1500 C-65 C-66 C-67 C-6816 1600 C-6g C-70 0-71 C-7216 1700 C-73 C-74 C-75 C-76

355 & 22 1400 G-77 C-78 C-79 C-80SHADY 6R. 22 1500 6-81 C-B2 C-83 6-84

22 1600 C-85 C-86 C-07 C-8822 1700 C-89 C-90 C-91 C-92

355 & Z4 1445 C-93 C-94 C-95 C-96Q. O, RD. 24 1515 C-97 C-98 c-g9 C-lO0

24 1500 C-101 C-102 C-f03 C-10424 1700 C-105 C-f06 C-107 C-f08

aAll dates correspondto a calendar day in June 1977.

C-i

SITE= DRIE= ]IItE I H ZEROPH[_N[ ¢CBMSAT I5 JUrlE "17 1510 "/.5 il

] 5r. - --

9O

o

_u

"_ 50v-

g

50 613 70 80 9t) l_

fl-NElOfiTEg _OUNO LgVEL.OfJ

TIM_ NOZS_ D_SC_IpTDR(FRQN AWT)DLQCK LL LlO LSO LgD L_9 TN| LEO 8_G TDR _NP LEQp LU

L a3_O T062 _geo 63*9 60*7 9hO 73,a _4 495 8717 g2et 112,4

g3o 1 8414 76_4 ?_6g 6gob gh7 82, J _3 Se3 98_6 lore2 123el

6 BI_2 ?g_ 7_,3 6_e9 65_6 _6_0 ?4e_ 4_8 3J_ _?O0 92D_ |lOoa

B 00,2 76,2 _4 64.7 _Oo_ OOtO 72=2 414 _ 831_ g_l _lZ_68_1_ _g_7 _6_1 60_ _e_ |0_ 7_ a_4 _a_ 98OO 94,_ |l__41g 00_7 66.2 _6 _6_0 _20_0 ?BD_ _7 _O_ g_e_ 94_3 IL610

;_ g_6 B6*O ?31a 69o6 _3_g 10_¢3 _2_7 7_0 _e! _OOe7 102_ 124t_12 goI3 _2Q2 77,9 7_0 ?OeO _2,7 80_3 4_4 4,_ 9_o_ ggo0 tl_L3 gong OB=_ 7316 60,_ _7=0 10_13 80_4 _,2 S_O g_*4 ggJ_ 120e714 8B_9 _A_| ?4J? _De7 67,? a2_ ?G=2 4,_ 5e_ _9,6 gTe_ L_O.9_ g|e8 04_ 74_6 68_6 67_ _02_1 8Z63 _,3 6=O 97*4 lOOtg _22Q6_ g_e2 OT_7 ?R.3 ?4_3 72_ 9_,1 82e9 4_9 4_9 9614 _OL_6 _21eO

. t? 87.? _0,0 ?0_9 _4_ _Se_ 92a_ ?S_a _ll _m_ gl_S _4e4 _16_0t_ _2_a 0_5 ?0,_ 63°O _6o_ _go_ 8_1_ 7Q_ 610 100_5 rOOsT |2_D3_9 _|e3 77_ ?0*9 6_ 5_D8 _9_ 73_ _=7 _e6 _0 g2j_ lt21__0 Og*4 ?a_ _ae2 _7._ _6_0 112o0 ?3a_ ?©0 2=9 U3_ _0o2 IO?e7

2_ gl=_ 00_2 73_I _7_g _Se_ _=9 79o2 _ _e7 g3e4 g_16 L_O_225 O_e_ _013 ?4*3 6_o4 _0,6 104,1 ?Oe8 6*2 _,4 _2_? _.9 1|6=126 8AIO 79=_ 72_6 06o_ _2_S 09.2 7S,3 _0 41_ 88_0 g3_g 112_0_? g242 aglO ?S.6 68_0 66_0 t22o3 _0 ?*3 612 IO_*_ 102o_ _22=G

TOTAL gO,_ B_°! ?_,6 64*8 _?_7 Io0_o 7_o0 6_ _o2 96o4 90_0 |Zg_4

C-2

r>x=

...o

...*.

oo

.*o

...*.

.._o

°_-

o*.

o**

_=.o

****

*oo

o=

o.*

..*._

_m

\

_m_e

_eo_

e_P

R_B

R_I

LI_

YT

HR

TL

EV

EL

ISE

XC

EE

DE

D

.°._

,.°°.

.o°°

°°°°

°*°.

_*°_

......

......

......

..._

=

m

i•

=

i

_m

=,,o

°°...

,.*°o

,°_o

o.*°

°*o_

*°,m

o*,

..°o°

._oo

_.°,

°o.,,

*°.o

***.

.©N

H

o_o_

=_m

_m_.

_o_e

_r_

_

+.

......

./

_AO

gAB

]LI_

yIH

RT

LE'_

,EL

15E

XC

EE

DE

D

t

El

=_

uI©

mm

m,,_

.cl

m_

_,_

m-

=o

,_o

-.+

,i.m

um

o._

_.=

•o.

o,.o

._*,

.*.,*

..._o

o.°.

oo°.

___m

__.

*°.*

.._°.

°.o.

°_.°

..o°°

oo.._

•o*

o.o

....

.o...

.*°

o.°o

.°.

o.._

o...°D°.°°°o.*°.*.o*..,°o*°._

_

i,

*,

,,

,

••

°,°

,°°o

°°.°

.°.°

,°o.

_°°o

-

•.

-.°.

*--.

o--

.*-°

°.-°

-o*-

***-

=_

°*

....

°°°°

°**

......

.°°

°°..o

..°_

nz

_m

PRO_IS_LTTT

TH

RT

LE

VE

Li5

£XE

EE

DE

D

•.*o.°.,°*,*.,°.°,*..*°,*o,

J°Q_

•.°

.,e.,°

°..,°

o_o°

._..°

,,*.

_,_-

_.

•oo

o*1,

.°.

°,°.

o.**

..*°°

,°°°

°°_

••

°°o_

°.°°

o.°°

*_o

°,°.

°.,*

o°

o_*_

Im

-.

[f,

_ n

°o_°

..°..

*.o*.

*.°°*.°.o-

E=

••

•*

..............

..............

.J

oi'

....

,o...

......

...,

....

_'°-

z

k

N

N_

,_,_

,_*_

,4<4

e44_

*ec,

c*4¢

_e_m

_e_

PR

OB

RB

]LIT

YT

HR

TL

.=V

EL

I5E

XC

EE

DE

D

o.o

*..*

°o..o

oo.o

..oo

o*o

..o*o

o¢_

,,og

......

..._

......

......

.....

,==

=:_

==

......

......

......

......

......

..i(

oooo

_o_*

,o

-°oo

oo°o

o*o

°_-.

,r

_L

?

.............................

__

N_

_N

_N

Ng

N

On

=o

*==

ooo

no

ooo

oo*e

.=eo

.e*=

_

r

oao

***

oo_o

oo

*o*.

*o

.*o_

=¢:

u=

==

==

==

==

===

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

=-

=_

__

==

==

_==

_=

m_

•,°

..,°.

°***

°***

°,**

°,°.

,,*=

__

**_°

*°*.

°_*

*=*.

*°,,*

°*.*

,*o©

__ m

oI

I_0

0I*

I_

_0

00

0_

oI_

1_i

ti

ia

I.

I.

Ii'I

l

ooo

o=

**.

oo

e0o

oo

=o

o**

*oo

e.*

*_

=

o==

=o

o,

¢=

o_o

e_eo

_oe

*=

oe*

**e

z

o_

===

==

==

===

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

°-

ram

_m

©_D

'a,_

le,e

m©

a_m

,o©

_©_e

:mm

,=_,

m_a

omm

o©P

RO

BA

ST

-L|T

¥T

HR

TL

EV

EL

IS[X

CE

ED

[D

o..*

...°*

.*...

***.

.°...

....._

om

-_o

....

.---

c_-

oo

ooo

0.o

_..o

oooo

o0_

'oo_

.,o

o,.,

r

oo

°ooo

o_o

aoooeoo**o

o=

aoiooga°

!,°****,*

**.****.o

**.*,

_em

_u_o

_o_o

_D_m

_o_

_-m

o,=

cJ=

z*a,

,_--

uuo

'J--

_._,

.*_=

c=u

=o

_©=

._._

PR

_R_|

L]T

YT

Hg

TL

EV

EL

ZS

EX

CE

EQ

EQ

;,=

==

==

==

==

====

===

===

==

===

===

==

...-

%,_

_=

===

_=

=_

,_

N_

,L

:•

_i_

,_

_Nm

_N_

N...

..._-

-__

P

_m

oo_

......

_ooo

_...

...o_

°ooo

°,r

.+"

"

m

==

==

===

==

==

===

==

==

==

==

==

==

pR

OB

RB

ILIT

TT

HR

_LE

YE

L1S

EX

_EE

DE

D

Po

.*,..

**1.

.**,

.....°

...=*

._©

_

.....

N_

e_=

==

l_=

aoo

_=m

oo

e_=

=o

e=o

oo

_

[

.°.°

°....

_....

°o...

..°_

.°.._

_©_o

_o_©

_o_

-

.°_

....

..o..o

°.°o

oo_°

°°°o

.°

o,o_

.°.0

_*..°

°°..°

°°*°

.....

_

••

*0o

*,°

.°.

°°°°

.*

....

....

....

....

....

....

...

J_

..°**

_.._

,°..°

_..o

°°**

o.°°

°

...*

.o.o

.,.*

.*,.,....*

oo.°

*

....

..•_

.•

_ii

I

___

p_5

_IL

1__

_L

_L_

_E_]

..°..°

.,°°.

.....°

,°_.

,°.lo

_

?-

......

...*

....

.***

....

.*.

_o_

=r_

m__

..

=

g_

°i=-

nz

••

•o

-o

-_.

_,°

°.°

.o

-o°

_*°.

.°-

°*o,

=N._

c=

i__

__

_o

N_-

,;_0

©_

o,_

_;_

No

,m_;

m_

_m_

_-m

__

___

o--

o_o

_=o

_II

I_8

oo

0_=o

8o..

lao

oo

D=

_

51

=

.,,.._

,=_:

_._=

__s

_-r

¸_

•

_m

p_Q

B_I

LIIY

TH

RT

LE

V£L

I$E

XC

EE

DE

D

.e.

llt.t

._tt

t_t_

tltt

tt_t

tt_t

t_

.ooo

o..._

o*.

.o=o

.°oo

o_o_

o=.

._=

o

!o

*o°°

_°_a

°°*'

'_=

°_°°

°°_°

"°°*

*'_

.•

__o

o_o

_,,

__o

_o_o

•_°

o_.

...r

-,_

__

__

__

I°°

*o°o

_°°,

.°oo

.°.o

*°*.

°o°*

...._

m

,==

*t=

_tt

ttt

itit

t*t

¢=t

ItII

Itl_

=_e

e=_

==

==

==

e=

e=

_*ee

=_e

==

eeo=

=*

0*•

=_J

OO

_==

*•

•ee

oo

e=•

••

=e_

,_=

=,*

•_,

==

oo0

oo_=

*,*

=o

o¢0

=_=

=•

••

zo

@e

_=e

eo

oo=

o@

=m

o_

=e

m_e

=e=

..*

._1

1]¢

oe

__o

oo

_o=

o¢*o

e=

=o

oo

om

eoe*

.._

¥

pA

OI_

21_T

,T

y1H

A_

LEV

EL

ISE

XC

EE

D£D

_,...

......

......

......

......

._

o,

o__,

__

__

_

*_,.°

,o.°

°,o,

*.,°

.,,*°

,I*

.¢-

.

_n

_OQ

OU

O_¢

_OC

_.r*

_O_j

--O

_p_B

a._D

f_r-

pR

_R_I

LIT

¥T

HR

TL

EV

EL

15E

XC

EE

D[D

•.

0*_

_._

°....

.,,*

o°.

,°

°.o

*_--

:...

......

......

......

......

=_i

=}

....

_...

..._.

_,_,

_;_,

_r_,

_.,,.

,..._

.__

_.__

__.t_

_'-_

;_..,

_,-_

"

......

......

......

......

......

..-

__

__

__

__

_**

....

°*.o

°.**

°.°o

.*°.

°.°°

o

i

-=

I=

_

°.°*

,°D

woo

*,_,

°°i

Q,l,

,..°,

,._.

a--

'o

°._

-,le

._'

oee0

+m

o.t,.

mee

..,+

_o.

-+e,

_.o+

mc.

.'+o

+ck

met

_mP

RL

_RB

XL

['{'_

T_'

(L

£t+

Et-

_5E

X_E

T._

E_

......

......

o...

......

......

_-_

_=

__

__

__

•**

,.°**

*,°,

**_,

,**,

.°°*

,,,..o

m

****

*,*,

°°°*

***°

°°.°

*°o.

°***

*,_

nz

*e°_

=*o

eee=

mm

*=e°

_e=

°e°°

*e°Z

O_

m

;........................

.¢gl

mm

I

.m

°'"_em_'o_n'_°eeee°'_'°'_'oee_

pROBRBILITY

TH

RT

LEVEL

15EXCEEDED

••

°o.°.--

°°°

.°°°.D°°_°.

°°

.7....."..."......

.-......

_..

....

....

_-

.

N_

i

"""

_"_

"°.

......

.....

__t

_-=

.-

..

r.._

.__

..k_

,_.

.zc-

-:-

__:

•:

-_,

,__=

._.

____

___

.._,_

.._._

,_._

=_.._

.._.w

.=.,-

_lc_

:,_.

_._:

s--_

-a_.

_c-_

_-._

"_,_

:,_*

:J-_

-z_

i_N

N_N

_N_.

_._

__

_-u.

_t_o

u_-

_.-_

¢._-

_¢_r

pR_BBB_LIIyxHBILEVELISEXCEZ_ED

•*,.*..*..,.°°**.**°.*_*_.°*°_o--

o°.

*°°.

°.°*

..*°°

*..°

*°.°

.*.o

°°_m

ooo.

,..,..

_oo,

o**,

°***

_°**

...o_

_ _m N_

o_oo

o_o*

**0o

oeo_

o_o,

.°oo

oo°.

.*_

•..*

..,*.

.,,*.

..*.*

,*_.

*.**

_.**

_-

•...

..,**

..o°*

....*

,*...

°.*.

,*=_

m

=

I

S]]EI gglEt ]]ME¢ NICROPIIOtlE:B'N PKHY 2) JUfIE 73 ]700 3,5 It

' 90-

_ 501-

==

s6 60 vo oo _ _]'no: _oHEIOtlTED 5OUteD LEYEL,O8

TIME NOISE DESCRIPTOR(FROM AIT)BBQCK Lt 6|0 E_O EU0 LgQ TN2 LEO BIG TOR LNP EEQ_ Lg

OZoO 79e3 75o3 6gem =?at 7906 7604 307 4*O OS*? 95*0 113*303*7 70*6 73*9 65.7 62*0 ate4 7S07 0o2 000 agat 95o2 1100060*7 78*9 7B*Q 6007 66.0 76.4 76=2 305 402 off=l g#o2 titea0_*6 7a*T 74*6 66.o 644n 04off 7608 409 _01 ago3 gs*6 I;702

, 03.7 77*g _J*4 _o*fl 06*7 100al 74m4 7e6 400 e3og 9300 l13utOO*= 70.3 7S*B 64*= el*7 8g07 75o6 5o3 4ol Oeoi @305 |100701.3 70,4 7**6 67*6 ES.a soo9 T0o3 40t B©0 o500 g4oz ttZoB7_.= 76*6 70*B 60.i leo8 9700 72o7 608 406 0602 91o3 [tOo479*7 77.6 ?Z*_ 64*4 6U*g 87*Z 74*0 _*0 =*a _6.7 93.& 110*6

tO Tg*t ?6*Q 71.0 62*= _g*a n_*t 73.1 5*3 _*! 86*6 92*3 Ill*911 06.4 70*5 76=2 72.7 69*2 65*8 76*4 2*4 3*7 620_ 9400 lileOi= B2*4 79.2 ?S* O 60. i _4*l 52*5 7¢03 403 400 _7o4 9402 11102I3 77=5 76*6 72*0 67*1 63*! 76.6 730_ 3o0 406 _2w6 91aa [Ogaff14 B$*O 77._ 74.7 _7*5 E2*o 70*1 7107 4o2 4nO 0604 9305 11204lff 00.2 7net 73°7 86*4 6_*6 fl3_2 7406 6n7 5o_ 0608 g3e_ ll201tE 03*2 fln*O 74*1 64*0 62*6 gOQl 7600 _o9 In4 9t=O gDo= |140317 o36o 10*3 73*? 85*5 62=2 0606 7504 6oB 409 9200 040| 11203tO ot*? 7G6Q 7568 6Q.8 66n6 77oo 7_o= 3o6 3oB 8406 g3o5 ItOoSt9 nl*l 79.6 76*G 70*6 66o_ 750_ Teen 30_ 402 0508 _409 tt2o720 82*3 70*4 74*? 6_*_ 6600 770i 70o7 307 489 _0o[ _4o4 |i2072[ 02.4 70.ff 74.3 65=9 63*0 _?.6 75*5 _.3 4*Z 01.1 93*6 |lO*_Z= 03=0 70*0 76°= 67*3 53*9 03=2 7B*g 4*3 4*6 06*9 94*4 [12*723 _0.4 70*6 72*7 64.6 63*_ 90.6 74*7 _.6 4*Q a009 9304 ttto424 Or*3 77*_ 12*a eD*l 63*l 66e= 74=4 408 6o_ abaft _a_ 1[4al26 ?_*! 77.1 Tl*O 64*0 6_.0 00_9 73o6 oo_ _ol 070o _2*5 ttlol26 70.7 7_.0 64*_ e_*_ 0700 IOlo3 72o2 7o6 3u4 _tn7 090_ IGB=O2? 80.4 19*0 73._ 67,3 64.7 0402 75o3 _04 ¢aO 86_6 94=9 tt3o220 _2_0 78*¢ 71.3 64=6 63ol Ogot 7402 4o_ _03 _6©a _303 ]ll072_ 0061 7_.4 74*_ 66*2 6406 7_a9 7=0[ 30_ 40fl 85o0 93=0 tl0oo30 76*5 76=3 74*= 73.7 73ol BOat 740g u_ 00 7602 740_ 7406

_i_A_ _1=9 T0*4 74o 2 6BOO _9o2 flOa6 75o3 Bn4 4=9 09=2 9309 |12o_

C-_2

' .... r. ......

IT

nz

_m

pRO_RBILIT¥

IHRT

LEVEL

15

E_CEE_ED

..................................

=_

__

__

_8

•,.°..,o.°o°...**o*.o*°e...*...o.

°ii

-_

......

......

......

......

......

..-

__

__

__

==_

N}

'-o

o°.°

o°_*

,°..o

oo°.

.,o,,°

,,,o

o°O

_

Nt_

....

o...

......

..oo

.ooo

o°.o

o,°.

_

***.

°**.

.,°o.

..,**

**.,°

***_

m

=J

i

.

r_z

....

°°.°

°°°o

°°°°

*°**

o°*°

_

o_

o_

oo

_o

_o

_o

oo

_o

o•_

o_

E...

......

......

......

.....

_mo

_m°'

m°°

'°'m

cbm

mm

¢R'4

mm

°lo

_P

RD

BR

E2L

ITY

TH

R7

LEV

EL

ISE

XC

EE

DE

D

.....

•..:-

......

:-....

..-

.._

_/

.o_o

-o

°_..o

."_o

..-

.J

°°°

•°

_-

:...

......

......

......

.....

_1=i

o

_o_m

°o°o

_m_°

°_a

pR_B

_B|L

XT

TT

_TLE

VE

LZ

S£E

£EE

_£g

E

•.*

o...

*_o

o°*

°°1°

°o.°

..,*©

_

IIIIII

IIIIl&

ltllll

llllll

=l

I=-

_r I

z*aa_olo

_oo_*_Q

=aaoo0qo

***_°=_

I_JC

N_'_N

O_O

_O_O

_-

,-=

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

===

==

==

==

_

O¢_o

ao0o

oQ

o*,aooosao

oaQ_o

,_o

/

r_

o*°

°.°°

°_.°

o°.,.

....°

°

**°°

°°_°

°_*'

*°°°

°***

'--

I_-

°[

=

,.

•r

....

r.=,

.

•...

o.o

...*.

..*o

..e...

._...

_.

ii.l.l

ltg_l

llll+

.l_lll

_l.I.

=

xm

__

_*_

_*_

__

¢=¢=

_0¢=

_o

=_

_r_

_*_

__

_o

¢_

_r=

__r

_

=/

zm

.._+

°.o

.o._

.o..

°-_=

=_.

*.,

•zo

-I

_...

.....

,+

....

......

...

......

......

......

.....

....

--.

_m

pR

_5_B

ILIT

YT

HR

TL

EV

[L15

EX

_ED

ED

o=

•o.

,olo

_.,,*

...o*

o°*o

,oo.

.o.,o

oo_

•o.

.oo.

.°o.

...o.

*o.o

o*..o

oo,.o

*_

................................

_f

....

_cN

_

n_m

_m

em4e

D_e

4'_e

4_4_

e4_e

_o_e

_eP

RO

BA

BIL

ITY

]HR

TL

EV

EL

I5E

XE

EE

OE

D

......

......

.....

....

......

......

.....

......

..

•r

rxn

m

III''1

1111

illll

I''l

llllll

lilli_

....

...o

o...

....

*..*

,...*

......

__

I_1

11U

IIll

II_

1_1

litb

II

iI

_tIII

II_

{_

IIt

lll_l

Im

lllll_

lll.ll

it

IIIll

ill_

F:

=--

{ID

}l_i

.I

IIIIl_

l'lli

li'lll

l_1

I_

IIIl

_l_l

l.llll

lllll

IIII

I{lll

llI

z

Illlll

lit

IIi_

llll_

lll_

IIll

.Ill

._

Ul_

mI0

1_.

IIll

'lUll"

U'_

.U

iillt

l"r

__

_......

o...........

•........

t_

°--

o.o

o,°°..°*.°

oo

°°o°°o

o°

o

zu

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

__

__

_#

__

_

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

===

=_1

_

==

==

===

===

==

===

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

•ew

ole

_oW

Oe_

lel=

eee_

e==

m=

e=ee

*_

oo

oo

oo

o=

o_

oo

oo

=o

oo

oo

o

.::

=...

......

......

......

/•

...o

.o*.

.,...*

*=o

.=_.

=,=

...**

_=

-

....

....

....

....

....

.._

z

......

......

......

.....

+...

......

......

......

....

......

,_";

';4"

......

......

......

.....

'_"

-..;

-...

......

.%

••

m•

_*#

•f_

t*tt

••

*e

_•

•m

•_

_)t

••

mem

n_z

-i

%

_o=

_m=

_o_u

e_e-

_u=

_--r

m_e

_e=

me=

mm

_mem

°=eP

mm

mm

_me

pR

QB

RB

ILH

yTH

RT

LE

VE

L]5

EX

EE

EO

ED

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

._

__

__

__

Oee

=*.

*eo

_o=

=--

eee-

==

==

='e

zO

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

=_e

_w=

==

=_=

em=

=ee

==

=e=

e_..e

mz

_0

....

o=

=o

=ae

*e=

=ee

eeee

e==

==

_.ee

=_

_=o¢===_m_e_=_=_=a_Dw=

PR_BBBILITY

THRT

LEVEL

15

EXCEEDED

_4=

_44e

4_4o

_4e4

_=_4

_P

R0g

RB

|L[T

_T

HR

IL

EV

EL

15E

XE

EE

DE

D

......

......

......

......

..._

NN

g_

_g

g

o

=_&

_)ea

ele)

ae.m

)e*.

..el_

.I_

•.*

***=

ooe

_o.*

*oo

==

*o..*

*=O

_"

*_*e

_eee

eee_

lel*

e_=

e==

eel_

Z

_m

•ee

_e_e

_ee_

B_N

*lF

E_B

RB

]L|_

YIH

AT

LE

VE

LIS

EX

CE

ED

EO

/

_ROB_BILIIY

THBT

L6V_L

IS[XCEED_D

.........................

__

__

__

_%

g

,.,o

.*..

,...*

°...

.-

*...

.o...

....;

..,...

...

......

......

......

......

...:i

Jo+o

*.oo

++.*+

o.o°°°°o.m

.°oo

z*'*oo*o*.oea**.a***°*o_*.Q_0o

__

_*_°°oooo*oo°°o°°o°,o°o.ooo°o°•

_Ol'_+'_le4e'_4aeee._.e...ee*,

•

_g

,,4,w

,_,w

,4g,

,c,

Daa

_a,,¢

,,,=

D_I

.NI,W

D,,_

N=

m,W

,_IN

I,,_=

i'R_B

AB

ILIIY

TH

RT

LE

VE

LIS

EX

EE

ED

ED

¢_=

===

=.

u_,

e=.p

.i,_

_m

__

_o

_m

lm_

o_

__,

0_

_m

l_r

......

......

......

......

......

-o

__

_=

=_

o_==

_

..o=

==

=o

_._.

=oo

oo=

.==

.oo*

i__

=e=

e_e

e=

_*e

==

ee=

=e°

==

e=

=*=

ee_

=

-=

==

==

==

==

==

===

==

==

==

==

===

==

==

;_.

=

PR

_BR

_IL

II_"

TI_

RT

LE

VE

LIS

EX

CE

ED

ED

"'*'

'..*

...o

..*

*_...

..,-

•°.

.°o_

..o*°

.°*°

_*.*

_..°

°oo,

©_

NN

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

=P

RQ

_R_I

LIT

Y7_

RT

LEV

EL

|$E

XC

EE

DE

D

*.°

...*

.....*

.,**,

°.*

*.•

._._

-! =N

N

_m

={:'_aa,_aa-,:_-4oa=_=c=mm=m_mmmmmm

P_{]BABILITy

TH_T

LEV£1.

ISEXCEEDED

_g

N_ N

mc.

_om

o.=

-_o

--o

o._

om

ca_u

_a©

a,uo

u_e

rP

RO

BR

B]L

I*_

TH

RT

LE

VE

LIS

EX

CE

ED

ED

..°+

1...

...,°

+°°

°°...

°._°

o°.._

i I

•,.*

°+

°..°

+°°

o.,*

,o,.+

.,.°.

.o©

_

_ooo

oo**

**oo

oo.°

+..+

°..o

.o+

.oz

o_

m_

.°...

..+o*

o.o

.°.

°.°°

.+.+

©_

_.+

,+,,..

,_,,.

_+

._+

+;=+

;o

_*

;_.

,:.,+

++,,+

_.,+

,+._

_+

+.

......

++

.--_

---

..--

.o

_+c+

©o,

o+

e_o

c+o

oo

co

_,o

oo-

oo

mo

oo

+o

mo

•oo

eo+

oo,

o+o0

°++

oo+

+.*

.+

o++

+.

ro_

+_I

+.

+m

+,

mm

m_+

I,i_

:,+

++

*L+

m_

-,l

,_I*

+m

+m

lm_

mm

•_!

i.¸

_

D

._•

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.....

......

......

...

B

o._

**o

°°.°

.*o

°°.._

.°*°

_*o.

e_

.°oo

°*o_

o°°_

.o°°

°°°.

°.1.

°_-

••

•

;N

m N

_©_D

_m_

PR

O_R

B]L

]I¥_

H_T

L_V

_L15

_

•.°

°°.o

.°...

_....

.*°*

o°°.

..°o¢

__

......

.N

=N

N

,,

,,

,+

,__m

°o°

°°*_

oooo

o°oo

oo*°

_o_o

.o_.

°...

o°.o

o°..o

°°°°

°oo°

_.°o

o._,

o°o_

m

°°o°

°o°

°o°

_o°

•oo

°o°

°°..

_

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

=o

_

m

°°.._

...o=

°_._

o._°

D_l

_oo.

=o

__

.'..o

o=.

=_...

.._

.°o

....=

.

t"_

-o

xm

e_m

e_am

_lm

_m_m

_me_

e_m

m_m

mPROSRBIL_]¥

THAT

LE

VE

LIS

EXCEEDED

--

_-um.o_o_u_u_-_.

r°°'°°''oo'"

°°°°°*°

°.

_

l°°

.*_.

.°°.

°°°°

,°.°

°._°

o°.

_._ =

-

Illill

lIli

II;I

illi

IIN

L_

........

........

........

.....i

t_

N5

_

._;

._,

.....

.._

___

_,-_

*_1_

_-_-

_"_

___

I

_xn

......

......

......

......

..._

__

_o_

==_

m_

_#

"lill

Illl

lI

IIIIII

•.ll

ll_{_

#

m

••

*•

o.

,o

._

..

..

•,

.•

o.

°,

._

_o

_P

RQ

BR

_IL

]1¥

_HR

_L

EV

EL

15E

XC

EE

_EO

°ooo

o*o

_._o

ooJ=

o...o

ooo

oo

*_

oD

_o._

.ooo

ooo

oo_j

o._

oo..,

oo

r.

=

.ltl{

}_lll

l_lll

{llli

llll{

ll

E_

z_

.,

•.r

g_

........

........

........

.....if

_m

r_n

,,..

..0

°°

(***

*°.,

°°.

°._.

..°

o-

m

+.,o

..1...

°.o.

..°°_

.*o°

°.°.

°o-

o..°

.....

.°...

o°o°

....°

.+°°

+o_

....

....

.......................

-_°_

t_

_m _m

mm

:o

_+o_

mm

o+¢m

m+

+-

mo+

mm

:.P

°o_o

ooo+

+...

..._o

ooP+

,.P+

oor

:--m

m+

m+

_o+

mm

ao+

_+¢+

uo

:--m

++

++

l+m

o nz

_m

I t_

**°°

°*'°

_**°

*_*'

**°_

*°°°

°***

_*_

°*°*

o**.

°*.,,

*.*°

*.o_

°.*°

*o*°

°_

•..o

=...

o1..+

oo_.

ooo.

.o+

....o

_

Qo_

©__

o__C

o__ m

_o.

_=_°

_oO

°oo_

ooom

=o_

e_ot

o_

m_

7

....

_0o0

°=0o

°,.0

o°0=

oo...

.

,o._

.**°

..*.=

.+_.

..°..*

..°.o

o-

,o*.

+,.+

..*-+

.oo.

,*.+

o-+

°.--

_©_

m-

......

......

......

......

......

-_

__

__

__

m_

ooo

_o..*

_o_

......

......

_..*

._

oo_o

oo..o

oooo

_°.o

o...

._.

=o*.

r

_e_.

_N_o

_m_m

__D

_e_b

u__

PR

OB

R_I

L]7¥

TH

R7

LEV

EL

15E

XE

EE

DE

O

•°

oo

o**

.*...

*..*

o...

.oo

.**o

o-

_o

-_ <

°.°°

.e.,°

.°_o

._..°

**..°

.°**

©_

_-.

_

****

****

****

****

****

****

****

*

__

--°

-1-

_:

_-_=

'_'w

_4_'

4"_4

4"_4

4_4_

444_

PROBABILIIY

IHRT

rEVEL

I5EXCEEDEO

...............................

__

__

===_

==

==

,.

,.

c_:n

..***°*°....°..*.*.*..°

.*..._

..

_

m

mr

_m

_e_q

_Deo

_q_<

_q<_

P_O

SR

81L

]TY

lHgl

LEV

EL

15E

XE

EE

GE

_o

***.

****

°.°D

*.**

***.

,l_o

**o

_

__o

o_o_

oooo

oooo

o_oo

o_o_

=...

.**

****

****

****

****

****

***

oooo

ooo_

==o

°.oo

ooo_

ooo

**_°

.r

r

=

....

....

..._

.,,.,°

°°.°

,°..,

,.o_

c_

m

mm

memm_emm_e_m_omo_mo

PRD_ILII_

1M_l

L_VEL

_EXCEEDED

**_*,D**°,*,*_.L.*.._.O*°_O

_--

__

__

__

__

i'

,,

,,

,_

,,

_

°°...

°o...

.°..°

..°...

.o..o

._o_

._

......

......

......

......

......

..

o_-

-_m

mm

o_m

ow

--_e

_mo

_o_m

w_m

o_=

.*.o

o._.

.,...o

o...

..I..o

_o_

:I....

...g

-,,

p,.=

y.:*

**r

pp

_.-

_p.

__

p._p

pp

r_

__a

o_o

o_

.....

o_oo

_...

..._

_°.

°.°°

.o_.

..o.*

.o.°

°°.o

.o_

_m

r_m

rn-

o=

0o_o

_..o

==

oo

o=

=ao

,oo

a_oo

*_

=

¢=

mm

e=,¢

¢_¢

_o

m¢=

e=c=

¢=¢=

==

¢,o

©_

=1•

,=m

_=

_o

==

_=_'

o_..

o.

_'o

o.o

-o

_'.

•o

o=

••

•r-

•,..

..o*_

,O..o

_,._

,.o.o

o°o

.o_

°'''-

'*'''

oo

''oo

o-*

*-o

*-._

o=

=

......

.._

......

_..0

o_o.

.

i._

_m

m

=

nz

_m

**_*

.....

°*o

°*.*

,*_*

*,o

**o

op

==

==

==

==

===

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

_

==

==

==

===

==

==

==

==

===

==

===

===

=

......

.o

......

...oo

oo.o

°..._

'©=

_

o==

===

==

==

==

==

==

===

===

==

==

==

==

==]

oo

o==

oo

o0=

=,

==

_oo

oo=

o=

c_o

.*

,.o

_

......

.o_

=..=

....

_o_.

_...

...=

_

o"

e¢=

eo

C=_

Pe¢=

oc°

©"

©©

o°

_e

_=

_o

o_0

o=

_o=

_o,-

=*

*o

ooo

o0o

_o

.o.

_...

,-

r

.4.4

=.e

¢b¢.

mm

_tw

eeb_

.4tw

eeo¢

*¢*.

a.d_

o_P

RO

_R_I

LIT

¥T

HR

TL

EV

EL

ISE

XC

EE

DE

D

..............................

__=

__=

_=

_0=

==

nz

•.

•°

***o

.°°

..°.=

°.._

r_

......

......

......

......

......

__

__

_N

gN

g

_m

m.

.•

,,

.

,_P,

I

pR

DB

RO

ILIT

yT

HA

TL

EV

EL

IS_C

E_E

D

...............................

o_

__

__

a_

_

•.°

**.°

°**.

°,.,°

,**_

*_°*

*°*_

_

N_ U_

i ]

IIll

l.llll

llllll

llllll

l}_l

lli_.

IIII

lillll

l.llll

tlllll

llltll

._I

•o,

.o,1

o.o

*.o

.o*.

o.*o

o*_o

,,**_

.....

;...

...o

.....

;_o-

U--

-.,,o

oo.o

r_,_

e_en

,,_,_

o.c.

u_r_

,_rp

r_e_

,_m

_P

ff_B

_B]L

]TT

_HR

TLE

VE

L1S

EX

EE

ED

ED

-_

-__

_=_

__

•o

o.*

*_*o

oo

o,°

_*..*

.oo

oo

oo

o.

O_

-

•.o

ooo

,o_

o..

o,o.

•_o

o°o

°ooo

•o

zo_

._o,

_...

..°o

o_oo

_...

.o_

J°°*oooooooo°°o

_oo_o_o_o°o

oo

I

_°ooo_ooo_o_

__i_

___

__

©_

__

o__©

°*-°°°**oo*°*_.o.0o°ooo°o°o

•_©

00°0_°o_°°°°°°°o°o0o°°oo.o0

•!

__O

_O_©

____N_

__

_,

,,

,,

,,

,,

_°°°°*.o0.°

°o°°°oo0.0

°.o

zu

•.*

°.°

*o..*

**.*

*_.,*

*°o

*°**

.*o

_

i ] _=

--_

_m

_n

_mu=

_m=

=_=

m_-

-_m

_u_-

-_--

muo

=_r

PR

_BIL

ITY

TH

R_L

EV

EL

ISE

XE

EE

OE

O...

...,.*

.=o=

.,,=

..=°=

==

*,=

=.

.e6

_e=

=.*

..a=

6=6I

e=*.

6==

l.=.o

e__

"''''

'''*'

-'....

...._

......

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

=o

_

_...

....

....

....

......

......

.©=

_

!e

-2

:E....E

--

"-E

-EEE'E-E"

.*o

°.

**oo

_g

1:i...............................•

_***.**o*o**,o*o*o-*°*°.**oo**

Appendix D.

Selcefion of Traffic Flow Densities and Microphone Loeafiom

for Simulated-Traffic Noise Recordings

In this appendix, calculations are described that were used as an aid in

selecting trafflc flow densities and microphone locations for the simulated-

traffic noise recordings. A goal in making these selections was to ensure that

a library of recordings was ohtalned which covered both a large range of sound

levels and of variation of sound levels, within the ranges of interest for use

in the proposed psychoacoustlo experiments.

Because of =he existence of suitable predlctive models, the average (on a mean-

square-pressure basis) sound level, LEQ, and tile standard deviation of the sound

levels, SIC, were selected as the noise descriptors for use in these calculations.

The predictive models, descr|bed below, are based upon data obtained for

"average" traffic in the United States. It was realized that the small number

of vehicles to be used in this study might not conform, in terms of noise emis-

slon, to average U,S, traffic. Furthermore, the predictive model used for cal-

eulatlon of glg values is based upon certain assumptions, such as statistical

independence among different variables, that are not met by the structured con-

ditions used for the slmulated-traffic noise recordings, Nonetheless, it was

believed that the predictive models would be useful in estimating the ranges in

LEQ and S18 that might he expected for the slmulated-traff_c noise recordings.

D,I. Average Sound Levels

The average (on a mean-square pressure basis) sound level, LEQ, for free-flowlng

traffic on an fnflnltely-long highway was computed by sub.ins up the contributionsfrom three classes of traffle:

LEQ = 10 log [_-_. 10nEQi/10 t ; (D.1)

Li=l J

in this equation i = i, 2, or 3 for automobiles, medium trucks, or heavy trucks,

respectively, For each class of traffic, the average sound level was computed

from an equation supplied hy the Federal Highway Administration [D1]. Converted

to the Internatfonal System of Units, this equation can be written in the form:

fiVDo DO

LEQi _ L I +0.115s_ + i0 log S + 15 log-_-- 26.18, (D.2)

where

L i = average source level (dB) for the i-th class of vehicles when travelingat speed S;

o i = standard deviation of source levels (dg) for tbe i-th class of vehicleswhen traveling at speed S;

N-I

V = total traffic flow rate (vehicles/hr) for all three classes of vehicles

combined;

fl = fraction of the traffic flow that is in the i-th class; thus q V is the

number of automobiles per hour; sloe, fl + f2 + f3 = i;

S TM traffle speed (1'_m/hr);

D = reference distance (m) at which source level is measured;o

D " dlstance (m) from center of defined trafflc lane.

The Federal ;llghway Administration also supplied tile followlng equations

for computing Li, the average source level, and _i,_,the standard deviation of thesource levels, for the three classes of vehicle [O]]:

Automobiles

L] - -3.1 + 38.05 log S, (0.3)

_ = 2.5 (D.4)

Medium Trucks

L 2 = 42.69 + 0.821 S - 0.00421 S 2 , (D.5)

o 2 _ -3.32 + 0.191 S - 0,00127 S 2 (D.6)

Heavy Trucks

L 3 = 60.64 + 0.513 S - 0,00254 S2, (D.7)

o 3 = 9.03 - 0,134 S + 0.00072 S 2 (D.8)

IN these equations, DO = 15m and S is expressed in km/hr.

The upper drawing in FI S. D1 shows GI' plotted versus vehicle speed, forthe tl_res classes of vehicle, as computed from Eqs. (D.4), (D.6), and (D.8).

The solid curves in the lower drawing in Fig. DI correspond to the values of L i

computed from Eqs. (D.3), (D.5), _nd D.7). The dashed curves in the lower draw-

lag correspond to the term, L i + 0.i150_, from Sq. _D.2).

rD.2. Standard Deviations of Sound Levels

The standard deviations of sound levels, for mixes of automobiles, medium

trucks, and heavy trucks, were calculsted, following the analysis of Kurze[O2, 03],

from the cxpresslon

SIG _ 4.34/Is(I+_2) , (D.9)

where _2 is the second-order cumul_nt (or semi-lnvar_ant) of the sound intensitynormalized witb its m_an value. The cumulant itself was computed from

D-2

==" 10 , , , , , I , I

:u= S . Medium tr,,_._a _ •

"¢ _'- Automobiles_" 0 I I I I I f

_X

__ uu I , , , I *

a,.

I,,=

¢.= 50

.i40 i I f I J I

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

AVERAGEVEHICLESPEED,km/hr

Figure D1. Source levels (lower drawing) and standard deviationsof source levels (upper drawing) for aucomobiles,

medium trucks, and heavy trucks [Dl].

$.

D-3

3 2

i000 . S (D.IO)

_2 == 2"_ vD [i_.=31filoli/10 e°'°2°5a_]2'

where V, fi, S, and D _re as defined above in Section D.I. The factor of I000

derives from the fact that S is expressed in kilometers per hour but D Is ex-

pressed in meters,

D,3. Calculations Performed Prior to Selection

of Simulated-Trafflc Parameters

Given the Li and o i values from Eqs. (D.3) through (D.8), the predicted

values of LEQ and SIG are functions only of V, fl, S, and D.

It was decided that there would be little point in selecting more than two

values of S for the slmulated-trafflc noise recordings, s_nce neither LEQ nor

gIG change rapidly as S is changed over th_ speed range of interest. The values

S = 56 and 88 km/hr (35 and 55 mph) were chosen as representative of the most

commonly-encountered speeds for steady traffic flows,

Since only ten vehicles were to be used in the mul=dple-veblcle simulated-

traffic studies, the fraction of medium or heavy trucks could not be changed

continuously but rather only in steps of 0,1 or, if two recordings were com-

bined, in steps of 0.05,

Based upon the above, it was decided to fix S a_ 56 or 88 km/hr, vary f2

and f3 Iner_mentally in 0.05 steps t and to explore the influence of V and gt ascontinuous variables t on LEQ and SIS. After exploring alternative ways to

present the results, it was decided to plot equal-LEe and equal-giG contours ell

the same drawing with D as the ordinate variable, V as tbe abscissa variable,

and St flt f2 and f3 fixed.

Figure D3 is an example of such a plo_, wlch S = 88 km/hr and f2 = f3 = 0

(i.e., 100 percent automobiles). Tile solid lines represent LgQ-contours of 40,

50, 60, and 70 dB. The dashed lines represent giG-contours of 3. 6_ and 9 dB.

Figure D4 is another example, still wltb S = 88 km/hr but with f3 = 0,15 (i.e.,

85 percent automobiles and 15 percent heavy trucks). The inclusion of the heavytrucks shifted the LEQ contours by about g dB and significantly increased the value

of SIG corresponding to a given value of V'D.

A large number of tables, containing information equivalent to that repre-

sented bF Figs. D3 and Dd, were generated for d_fferent values of S, fl, f2, and

f3' These tables were studied to ascertain the ranges of LEQ and gIG values

that would be _xpected, for dlfferent ranges of V and D. for different values

of S, fl, f2t and f3. In addition, the following practical considerations weretaken into account:

i, With traffic flow rates greater than 300 vehicles per hour, the noise

exposure for persons located outdoors at distances slgnlfleantly closer

than 7.5 m from a hlghway would he excessively higb regardless of what

D-4

IO0%. %.

%. %,d'_,,

g_o \ \

\

i II_ %_.. \ %._ 20

%,% %

• _ 10 \_xee \x-_ \ %.

: %

i 5 %.\ _%.

' ] %.10 20 50 100 200 500 1000

TRAFFICFLOWRATE,VEHICLESPERHOUR

Figure D2. Equal-LEO and equml-SIG contours for i00 percent

automobiles (fl = LO, f2 = f3 = 0) at 88 _i/hr.

ii D-5

%", \

100 x \

\

I= \50 ,, x "6'

\ %@\% '%

_ x¢- x

%

% i i t [

-- 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000

TRAFFICFLOWRATE,VEHICLESPERHOUR

FigureD3. EquaI-LEQand equal-SlGcontours for a mix of 85 percent

automobilesand 15percent heavy truaks (fl = 0.85, f2 = O,f3 " 0.15) a= 88 km/hr.

D-8

noise desorlptors were used. Furthermore, based upon conversations

with Federal Highway Admlnimtratlon officials, it was assumed that very

few highways of concern to the FHWA would have people living closer

than 7.3 m from the center of tbe nearest traffic lane.

2, It would not be practical to utflize microphone locations further tban60 m from the center of tbe traffic lane. Tbls uoneluslon was based

chiefly upon eonsfderations of background noise and wind-generated

noise at th6 microphone.

3. It would not he necessary to make recordings of multlp]e-vehlele pass-

bys at traffic flow densities less tban about 300 vehicles per hour.

Tbls decision was made, not because such sltuat|ons were not of interest,

bIlt, rather, because with one vehicle passby every 12 s, or less fre-

quently, it would be easy to con*bins slngle-event recordings to achieve

any deslred multlple-event sltuatlon.

4. It would not be accesser y to marc recordings of multlple-vehlcle pass-

bys at traffic flow densities greater tban 1500 veblcles per hour slate

1300 vehleles per hour per lane is a practical upper llmlt for trafflc

flow densities on real hlghways.

Based on all of tbe above conslderatlons, it was decided to use mlcropbone

positions located 7.5, 13. 30, _nd 60 m (nominally 23, 50, 100 and 200 ft) from

the centerllne of vehicle travel. Traffic flow rates of 300, 660, and 1500

vehicles per hour (5, ii, and 25 vehicles per minute) were selected, based upon

300 and 1300 vehicles per hoLlr as the lower and upper limits, respectively, with

660 chosen as (approximately) the geometric mean of 300 and 1500.

D.4. As_cement between Predicted and

Observed Values of LEQ +_l*d SIC,

It was known, a priori, tbat the predlctlons of LEQ and SIC would only

agree approximately with observed values obtained from the slmulatod-traffle

noise recordings slnee the veblcles used would not produc_ noise emissionscorrespondimg to the average values assumed in the models and since the models

were known to be only approx_,ately correct for the test conditions used. How~

ever, the predictions served their purpose by providing information useful to

the selection of the ranges of D and V, NoI1etbeless, it ls of some in,ernst

to examine how well tb_ predicted values did agree witb tbose that were actually

observed. T_ble D.I shows such a comparison for the 56-_,/br tests wlth ten

automobll_s and no Saps. Table D.2 shows the same comparison for the 88-km/br

tests with ten automobiles and no gaps.

Hultlplo-vehfcle, constant-speed passbys wltb trucks _nc]uded were not ac-

tually made. Rather, as described in Section 3, recordings were made wit]*

"autoN;obiles and gaps," tbe intent being to dub sl_gle-event recordings lnto the

gaps. Thus, it is more difficult to compare the predicted and observed values

for mi_es of automobiles and trIlcks. Howevclr, as described in Appendlc G, two

"cars-,Ind-trucks" recordlngs wor0 synthoslzed, on tbe computer, and the valLles

of the corresponding nolse descriptors were computed. In 'Fable _.3 tbese co,i-

puted values of LEQ and SIG are compared wit}* _he values predicted using the

equations from Sections D.I and D.2.

D-7

Table D.I. Compacison of observed and predlc_ed values of LEQ and SIG

for Tests H-35A-IO, H-35B-IO, and M-35C-10

Vehicle Flow Rat_ t vehtcles/hr

Microphone Descriptor 300 660 1500?osit fen, dB

m observed predicted observed predicted observed ! predtgte£

7.5 LEQ 63.1 61.7 63,3 65.2 63.8 68.7

SIG 8.3 3.9 10,4 4.8 13,7 3.7

15 LEQ 57.2 57.2 59.0 60,7 57,7 64,2

SIG 7.8 5.0 i0,3 3.9 ii.6 2.9

30 LEQ 48.0 52.7 48.8 56.1 46,0 59,7SIG 5,4 4.0 6,3 3,0 6.6 2.1

60 LEQ 40.1 48.2 40.4 51.6 39.8 55.2

6IG 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.3 3.2 1.6

7

Table D.2, Comparison of observ_ a.d predlc_ed values of LEQ and SIC

for Tests H-55A-IO, t_55B-10, and H-55C-10

Vehicle Flow Ra=e_ vehic]es/hr

Hieropbone Descriptor, 300 660 1500Position,

m dB observed predicted observed predicted observed predle_ed

7.5 LEQ 65.9 67.2 68,4 70,6 71.4 74.2

SIO 9.2 6.5 9.9 5.5 9.1 4.3

15 LEQ 60.2 62.7 62.1 66,1 65.6 69.7SIC 8.3 5.6 9.0 4.5 9.7 3.4

30 LEQ 52,1 58.1 52.4 61.6 55.8 65.1SIG 5,6 4.6 6.0 3.6 7.4 2.6

60 LEQ 46.9 53.6 45.7 57,1 46.7 60.6

SIG 4,0 3.7 4,0 2.7 4.7 1.9

Table D.3. Comparison of predlet_d values of LEQ and SIG with those values

calculated from eomputer-syntheslzed time histories of noise levels

from passbys of both automobiles and trucks, In both cases the

raeordlngs from the 15-m microphone were used.

H-35B-9 Combined H-55A-gB Combined

with S-35-T2 with (two) S-55-T3

Descriptor observed predicted observed predleted

LEQ 62,1 70.0 68.1 72.3

SIG 9.9 7.2 i1.0 6.6

Inspection of the entries in Tables D,l to D,3 reveals that the predictions

of LEQ and SIG were .or In particularly good agreement with the observed values.

Additional analysis, asd perhaps additional data, would be needed in order to

make more quantitative statements abou_ the validity of _hese predictive models,

}_owever, as discussed in Section 4, similar predlctlo,s were in rather good

agreement with data obtained for actual-highway traffic noise.

D,5. References

[DI] Barry, T. M., Federal IIighway Administration, private communication to

F1ynn, D. R., National Bureau of Standards, April 6, 1977.

[D2J Kurze, V. V,, Statistics of road £rafflc noise, J. Sound VIh, 18, 171-195

(1971).

[D3] Kurze, V. V,, Noise from complex road traffic, J. Sound Vib. 19, 167-177

(197l),

/

J

D-9

Appendix E.

Descriptors of file A-Weighted Sound Lcveh for the Simulated-Traffic

:_:i Mul_ple-Vehieh Recordin e

This appendix Includes the several descriptors for each of the sLmulated-

traEflc multlple-vehicle recordings described in Section 3,2. The data record-

ing and analysis procedures are described in Sections 2.4, 3.3, and 3,4 of themain body of this report, The format of the tables is the same as that of

Tables 19 to 22 in the main body of the report. Tile identification code for

individual runs is described on pages 40-41.

The group of 8B-km/hr (55-mph) passbys is first, followed by the 56-km/hr

(35-mph) passbys and then by the stop-and-go (intersection) passbys. Within

each group, the 300-vehlcle-per-hour subgroup (A) is first, followed by the

660-vehlcle-per-hour subgroup (B) and then by the 150O-vehlcle-por-hour sub-

group (C). For the constant-speed passbys_ the configuration order in eachsubgroup is:

Constant-speed passbys of automobiles and gaps

Speed = 88 km/hr Speed = 56 km/hr

Conflguratton Vehicles Flow Rate, vehicles/hr Vehicles Flow Rate, vehieles/hr

(see Table 17) 300 660 1500 300 660 1500

lO Page £-3 Page E-7 Page E-12 'ageE-17 Page £-21 Page E-26

9 E-3 E-8 E-13 E-17 E-22 E-26

8A E-4 E-8 E-13 E-18 E-22 E-27

8B E-4 E-g E-14 E-18 £-23 E-27

8C E-5 E-9 E-14 E-19 E-23 E-28

7A E-5 E-lO E-15 E-Ig E-24 E-28

7B E-6 E-lO E-I5 E-20 E-24 E-2g

7C E-6 E-ll E-16 E-20 E-25 E-2g

7D E-7 E-ll E-16 E-21 E-25 £-30

2--.]¸

For the s_op-and-go passbys, che configuration order is:

Stop-and-go passby s of vehicle mixes

Configuration Vehicles Flow Rate, vehicles/hr(see Table 18) 300 660 1500

M-INT-35B-9-T1 Page E-31

M-INT-35g-9-T2 E-31

M-INT-35B-9-T3 E-32

M-INT-35B-9-T4 E-32

M-INT-35B-S-T3/T4 E-33

M-INT-3SB-S-TI/T4 E-33

M-INT-3SB-7-T2/T3/T4 E-34

E-2

I _un Code HJcraphon,

Distance, mN._SA--IO ?*_

NDZ_ D_SCRIPTDn(FnO_ AWTI

LI LlO LSO L90 L99 TH! L_ _IG TD_ _NP _Qp L(m

. 7_'6 ?O*4 _3.4 _,_ 4144 _1761 _5*q Q*2 _*B Ug*_ flS*3 10_,2

HOZS_ _SCRIPYOR(F_ AWT)

, _3 LI_ L_O LgO L_9 TNI LEG 5_G TDR LN_ L_# LD

69*? 6_ _Q*_ 42.9 3_*_ 102o_ _0.2 O*3 5.2 _1.$ 7Q°2 9S.2

M-_A,_Q 30*N_IS_ D_SC_Z_OR(FRC_ AWT)

L| LlO L5_ Lgo _Q9 T_Z L_Q 5_G TDR L_P L_QP LU

"5_°_ _°_ 4_.6 41.6 33*3 68*3 52.1 _.6 3.6 66. q 69.5 87°_

NOI_ D_SCA|pTQR(_O_ AWT_L1 L_Q LSG LQO _99 TNI L_D $1G TO_ LNI_ _Up L_

52*6 49*2 _S,6 4_.6 3_._ _._ _6.9 4*O 3.1 57_Q 63.6 UO.U

i'AunCode HIcrOph0ne

Distance, m_V'55A-_ ?,5

NOZS_ O_5CRZpTOR(p_OM Amy1LI L]O LSO LO0 L@9 TN_ LEO 5ZG TDR L_I_ L_QP L_

: iI

_|S_ D_SCRIpTO_(F_DM A_T)

_] LIO L_O _OO _G9 TN| L_Q 5IG TDR LHp _QP _D

_-55A-9 60.HGI_ _gSC_IPT_R(F_G_ AWTI

L_ _0 _50 _90 L@_ TNI L_Q S|G Tp_ LNP _Qp LB

t E-3

Run Code Mlcrop_neDistinct, m

N-_|A-OM ?*5NO|SE DEscqZPTORIF_O_ AmTI

L! LIO LSO L_O L99 TN| LEO SIG TDH LNP LEO@ L8

76._ 6_*D 51.4 3_*_ 37.1 130.1 65.1 10.5 5.4 9h_ 04.2 106.5

M*B_A°BA ZS*N_|SE D_SCRIPTOA(FROM AWT)

LI LIO LSO L90 L99 TN| L_Q S|G TDR LNp L_QP L_

6_*_ _4.3 46.8 36_6 34*6 lIT*5 _9,4 9.8 4*D 8_,5 ?olO 98.4

NO_S_ D_S_IpTORIFA_N A_rlL1 L_O LSO _qO L99 TNZ L£O _G TO_ LNP LEaP L_

5_*? _4,? _3.? 35*O 31.5 _3.? 50._ ?*0 3*5 6_*0 671_ _*_

5_*0 _6.0 _.6 33._ 31.7 52,2 _3._ _.6 2_ _5.0 59*5 ?_.5

Run Cede NlcrOphoneDlstaace. m

k*55A*B8 ?*0NOIS_ DES¢_IprOR(FRON AWT)

L_ _1_ Lbo L_U L_ _1 L_O _IG TD_ LNP L_OP L_

76.5 6_1_ _ _2.3 3O*2 120.9 65._ _.9 5._ _0.? 8_.6 I07.0

NOISE D_¢H_PTOH(pRD_ A.T)LI _10 L_O LgO Lg_ THZ LE_ SIG TD_ LNp L_OP L_

69*5 _5._ 4?*O 39.1 3_*_ 114.R _0.0 9*5 5._ 8_.3 ?_.2 _.8

_*a8 3O*hO|_O_SC_IPTOR¢FRO_AW¥1

L_ _10 _0 L_O L_9 THZ L_Q S[G TOn LNP L_QP LB

_?.6 5_.2 _?.3 3?*4 3Z*I ?0._ 50._ 6._ 3*5 6?*3 b_*[ a_*?

LI LIO L_O L_ Lg_ T_| _q SZG TOR L_P L_qP L_

_0._ 4_*_ 43*3 3_*_ 32._ _4.9 _.3 4*O 2.7 54*4 6015 77*3

Aun Co_e Hfcro_honnDlsiance I M

_.55A*_C 7,5NOISE D_SCRIPIDRIF_ON AWTI

L! LlO L_O L_O LOg Tll! L£Q SIG T_ LNP L_Qp LD

??,0 ?O*l t3mo 43*2 3#13 120,Q _6,0 9t6 _,b QI_O 65t2 lo_e?

_SA-OC 15,NOIS_ p£$C_ipTCNIFHOM AWTp

LI LlO _50 L?O LgQ TNI LEO SZG TnR _NP LEQp LO

_.9 _5,_ 46o2 38.3 34t_ ll?o3 60.1 lO*l 5.? 86°1 79o5 IOOol

_-5_A--_C 3O*_15_ DE_CRZPTDN(F_OM AUTI

LI LlO LSO LgO LIg TNI _Q _IG ¥OR _P L_QP LO

NOIS_ D_¢_IPTORIF_O_ AWT)_l LlO _50 _90 _Q TN| L_Q _IG TD_ LNP L_P _B

4goo _oQ 4117 23*? 31_3 _5 _3o# 4.6 2.7 55_ 59._ ?b,6

Run Codo HIcrgp_onaDistance, m

_-55A.?A ?15NOIS_ OESCRIpTc_Ir_oM AW_J

LI Llo LSO LgO LQg t_l L_ 51G TD_ LNp L_Q_ L_

?_19 6T,2 47,5 3716 35,7 ;_6*D 03_ i0.8 _t3 91.4 62_? |O_O

LJ LJO L_O L90 LQ9 TN| LEO 5ZG TOk LN. LgQP _

_55A-_A 30eNnIS[ O_5C_;p_ORIFRON AWT)

L] _JO L_ _Qu Lg_ _N| L_Q SiG TO_ LHP L_GP _

5a.O 53_3 39_9 33_ 32_ Ohb 4_3 ?_0 3*3 _6,3 _.2 54_

NDIS_ O_$_;Pt_R(_RO_ A_TI_i _1o bBO LgO _QQ TNi L_O $_G TOR LN_ L_QP L5

4g_o _5.3 _0.2 34._ 31.5 _h*b 42.2 4_0 2*0 _2*5 57.1 T2)?

Run Cod_ HIcrophoneDistance, m

k_-55A-TD ?*5HolS_ DESQtZpTDRIFAQ_ A_TI

L! LIO LSO LqO L99 _N! L_Q _ZG TDR _HP L_QP L_

74D_ 6_17 _Tt? 37.2 3_.4 1_1.2 63_0 lot? _o2 9015 BZoO 104.8

V_.55A.?D 15.NO_ D_S_nZpTOR(PRON AWTI

L! LIO LBO LgQ L99 TN! L_Q SIG TDR LNP L_ap L_

68,n 6_19 _2.0 35q_ 3_1 1t5_ _8_ ZO*6 4t8 _5°3 76_a _7.6

/,P55A.?B 30.NQ|S_ D_5_A_PTQRIF_O_ A_T)

LI LIO _0 L_O L_ _N_ _0 $1G TDR L_P L_ap L_

_?o2 _3o3 39.3 3393 3_o3 n313 _0 _,3 313 6_.7 6_,1 83_8

NQ_5_ D_S_pTa_IF_ AIT__1 LIO _50 LgO Lq9 _H_ L_Q 51G _DR LNp L_Qp _

4_.B _7 37_6 _3Q2 31.2 _°2 3919 3_7 t._ _°3 5_o? ?Oo_

Run Code tll crophone

I.i LIO L_O 1.90 1.99 TNZ L_ SIG TDFt Lt_p L_Qp L.l_

73.4 _ _?*?t _5.? 33._ _°m 62°1 Zhl 4.? _0_6 SOt? 102_g

_-_5A-7C _BIt_I_£ rJ_SCRZp'_r<IFHOI4 A_T_

I.| L_O LSQ t.90 1.99 It_ L_Q 5|G TOI_ LNp t._Op I.B

_"_A-TC 30ot_Q;_E DE_CRZPTURIPAO_ AmT)

LJ t._O L_O I._ t._9 TN| L_O 51G TDR t.Hp I.E_p LB

_Q5 _2o9 37_Z 32o? 31o3 _3_4 47o_ _o9 3_3 _?o7 _l_ a3_5

t_l_l$1_ DE_CRZFaTD_IFAO_4 AmT_L._ t.lO LSO L.gO L_ TN_ L_[_ _IG TD_ LHP t._Qp I._

• _.9 43o3 3_16 _2.1 3h_ _?*0 39_3 411 116 4_o7 _31_ _6

i

E-6 !i

Run Code Mfcrop_one

,-esA*7o ets_ca,HOIS[ DES_IP10R(pRQM AWT)

LI LIO LSQ L9Q _gg TNT LgD 5XG TDR LNP L_OP LB

74oB 66o5 44.2 35.6 3_tg 129.3 63. A lOmQ _.2 91.0 a2.| 104.6

_-GSA.TD |GiNOZ_ O[SCRZPTOR(FRDN AffT)

LI LXO LSO LgO Lge TNI LEO SIG TDR LNP LEaP L_

6B.? 62._ _I.4 34.6 3_.I _16.1 57.9 I0.6 4.8 65.X ?b.6 97a6

M-,SSA-70 _0.F*_Z$[ D[GCRIpT_RIPRON AITI

_1 L|O LSO L90 LgQ THX LEO GIG TOR L_P L_GP _D

56*G 5314 38.5 32.3 3111 _6QG 47.6 717 3_S 67.5 55el 8318

_ISE O_5C_IpT_RIFROM AWT)LI _10 _50 L?O L99 T_I LEQ SIG TDR LNP L_Qp LB

4_.3 43.3 3_ 32._ 3;.1 46.0 3g.5 3.9 2.3 49_4 55.0 _0.4

Run Code Hlcrophone

_55B-1o 7t5

7_.9 73_6 6_.? 4_t7 30._ 12U.O 66*4 919 ?.D g3.? Gg_ 110_

_SG O_5CRIPT_(FROM AWT)L[ _lO _DO LgO LgQ YHI _Q 6TG TD_ Lt_P L_QP _D

_gs5 66.9 54.6 42.2 3512 llO.g 6_.1 gt0 6.7 0_,2 _2.| IQ2el

NC_SE D_5C_ZPTC_CFRO_ 4WT)_1 _0 LSO _90 LgQ T_l L_Q S|G $DR _N_ _QP _0

N_I5_ O_S_J_PTOR(FROH AWY)_l LIO LDO _90 L_9 T_I _O S|G YD_ _NP _QP L_

49*4 47*_ 46_| 3_.7 _1.? 44,_ 45*? 4*0 2.0 56. B 60.6 75._

E-7

Ru_ CodQ HIcrophonoDt stance i m

_-55B-9 ?.sI_OZSE 13_SCRZpTOR(_ROM AWT)

Ll L10 L60 LQO L_9 YHZ LEQ 5;G TDR LNP L_OP LD

7?*5 74ol 59_ _7o9 41.5 122.6 6Bo6 9o2 T_ 92.1 69_2 fine6

NO|$E P_SCRI_TORIF_O_4 AWTILI I.[0 I._0 LgO 1.99 TNI LEO 5ZG TDR t.Np _.EOp LI_

TQ_3 b7o4 5412 42t2 37,_ )[3.2 62_3 gt2 bog eS_e Q_o_ I0_,_

_qO_SE DESCR|pTORIpAOM AWT_LI _to _0 LgO L_ TNI L£O 5XG TD_ LHP L_OP L_

5_3 56.4 49_1 39_ 3_,t 75o9 _2o_ _o2 _t _.5 ?0o6 _et6

L_ L_Q L_O L?O I._9 TN_ L_Q 5ZG TO_ LNp L_QP LB

Run Cede HIcr©phoneO(stancez m

N--_D-DA 7,5;_015_ OESC.qlpTDR(FROM AWTI

LJ LIO L_O L9n L99 TH[ L_Q 5Z_ TD_ LH_ L_O_ Lfl

?6°5 ¥2,3 5_ _ _ _o_ _! |_ eo_ _2_ _ _o_ I

6_,9 _5_8 5_t_ _1.! 35_6 I10_1 6O,9 _ot _ B4*_ BO°5 _OQI7 I

_.--_5._A 30,

LI LtO LSO LgO L_ TNZ LEO SIG TO_ LNp L_P L_

_5_3 5_.7 _7_8 3_o3 3_*1 TBoO 51,6 _._ 3,_ _,3 69._ 86o9

Ll L_O L_O Lg_ L_9 Tr_I LEO _ZG TDR LNp L_QP L_

E-8

Run _odo MicrophoneOISt_nce_ _

LI LIO LSO LgO L99 _N_ L_q SIO ¥OR LNP L£Op LO

?6_9 72.7 55.Q 4_*? 42_3 ;20,0 _7*_ g*_ _.5 eh6 67,4 10_14

,_IZ SE DESCRIPTO_(_ROM A_TIL] LIO LSO LQO LgQ THI L_Q SIG T_R LNP L_Op L_

6_.7 _6.7 51_ 41.0 3a°l 1_3_8 61.4 9.1 S*? _4._ 8D*T IOS,O

_550--80 3_,

LI LIO L50 LgO L_9 TN! L_Q Sza TOR L_p _OP Lb

_°8 _6._ _?.5 _,6 34._ ?9*9 _2.2 _.5 3*6 _O*Q 69,6 0_*_

LI LIe LS_ LQ_ LgQ TNI L_O 5_a TOR LNP L_Op L_

_0.1 40.1 _*_ 3_.6 33.1 46,4 4_*0 _*e 2*3 56*O 61.3 _6,6

RUn Code HfcrophoneDIstAnce, _i

M.pSO._C ?,5NQ]_ O[SC_ZpTotI(FRO_4 &WT)

L! L)O LSO LeO _ T_! _Q 5_G TO_ _ L_Op L_

76oQ 72.0 6_17 _4.0 3Q,_ 12Q,_ 67._ 10.2 ?,3 Q3.6 _?,_ IO_,_

M--_SU-SC 15.NOZ_I_ _£,_Cn]pTOR(F_OM AWT)

L_ LIO L_O LgO LQ_ TN! L_a S_G TDR L_P L_qP LO

_9,6 _6._ _1._ 3_,_ 35w0 117.7 01.2 9._ _._ O6*2 01,1 Z01o_

M-_- O_ 3©*

L_ _10 LSO L_O _Q TN! L_O SIG fOR LNp L_QP L_

5?*8 5_*_ 4a*O 3?*3 32._ 0_.5 _2.3 ¥,_ 4*3 70°1 ?0._ _*1J

L_ L;O LSO _0 L_g T_t L_O SlG fOR LNp L_Op L_

_0°4 _?*_ 4_,1 3_*0 =1._ 47,7 _*Q 4*O 2,3 _7,7 6h_ ?_°Q

L

! E-9

RU_ _de K]¢£ophonoOlstaflcet n

_BSB-Tk ?.SNO|S_ GCSC_IpTO_IFRQ_ AWT)

LI LIG bSO LgO _gg TN! LEG 5_G TO_ L_p _QP LB

T6o7 72,3 5T,O 45t_ 42t2 123,Q 67_1 g.3 _,_ 91,0 B60g lOB*a

_55B*TA 15._ISE DESCn[pTOR(FAQM AWTI

LZ LIO LSO LgO Lgg TN; LEO $1G TDR _p LEQP LU

6D,8 _6o3 _g*B _lt2 3B_4 [Ho? 60.5 g_a 5*n 83,g _0°0 tGOo3

t_-SSa-TA 30*NOZSE DESCH_ptOR(FRD_ AWTI

L% LIO _Bo LgO Lgg TN! LEO SZG TOR L_P L_QP LB

5_.5 56_1 _b_t 3_.2 3_,_ ?g,? _1.3 6*2 4,0 bT_3 6g.2 _?15

M-_SU./A 6D_

L! L_Q _0 Lg_ Lgg TN_ L_Q 5_G TD_ Lr_p L_Q_ bB

6_.2 4g_ 4_1_ 3T*_ 3_1? 55_ _b_3 4._ 2Q_ 67_6 6_7 7_5

RUN¢o_e MicrophoNeOlstance_ m

ND]SE O[SC;IIpTORKFR_M AWT)bl LIO LSO Lgo Lgg TNZ L_Q _|G TDR L_P L_Qp LO

77_ 73._ G_*6 _*g _1.4 I_gl5 _.7 _1°0 6*5 g6.g _*_ _0_,1

_1 L_O L_O Lgo Lgg THI _GO S_G TDA LNP L_Gp LD

_g_5 67_ _I*D _2.7 3Tig 1_0._ 62_0 g*5 6.4 B5,3 8_t8 IO0,_

_U-ID 3O.NOIS_ _ESCR_PTOR#pRO_ AWTI

LI LIO LSO LgO LU_ TN| L_O 51G TDR LNP LEQp LG

60q_ 57_3 _S 371_ 3_*T _6 5_5 7_5 B*3 71_5 71.5 glol

e_O_5_ O_C_XprO_IFROM _WTIbl LIO b$O LgO Lgg TN_ L_Q 5]G TD_ L_ L_QP L_

E-tO

R_n Code HIcrophoneDlstance,

v_65_-?¢ 7,5NCZS_ DESC_ZpTOR(FRO_ A/TI

LI LIO L50 LQO L_9 yN! _E_ 51G TDR LNp L_OP LD

• _ ??°Q 74,4 64°6 43,4 4]*_ ]3T°_ Gg*? 12,8 6*2 I02°5 B9.3 iO_.!

- . _6_B.?C %5*NOISE D_¢HIPTOAIF_OW AWTI

L1 LIO L_O L90 Lg9 TN! L_O 51G TD_ LNP L_qP L_

71,0 68t2 _,8 4_*0 38,I 12_,7 63*O &O*6 6°? BO*6 83,I I02,3

_-SSB.7C 3_,NOZ_[ O_Sr.R]PT_RqFAOW _T)

_I LlO LSO Lgo L99 TMI LEO SI6 TDR LNP LEQP L5

61,? 59,3 _4,? _9 _6*S _3,_ 53*6 8*O 6,_ ?_*l 73,_ _,3

_-_5Q-7C 60*_l|s_ O_SCRIPTO_K_RDW AI¥#

_I L_ _ LgO L_ TNI LEO SIG TDR LMp L_OP L8

_0_ 47_ 4_*_ 3_.I 3_I6 _,4 4516 3.7 2°4 _4°_ _h3 7_*_

RUn COd_ HIcr_phone_Ista_cB_ m

HoZsg DE_._ZpTOR(FROW A_TI

T7,6 ?4*2 _4*3 _.T _0,_ 1_316 6_,4 _O°& _*? 9_.1 _B°? IOn*_

NOI5E D_C_IpTOR(FRO_ AWT#

?O*2 _B*2 54,1 _3,0 37,4 ;13,_ 63*O 9._ _*1 87._ B2*? _nl°4

N_I$_ D[SCRIpTOR(FAOW AwT)LI LIO _50 L_O L_9 rN| LEQ SZ_ TD_ LN_ L_OP L_

_*J _0 4_*_ 37,3 3_3 _e,3 S3*_ ?,T 4,2 ?2°_ ?;*1 8_*_

NOI_ O_SCR_TDRtFRO_ A_TJL] L_O L_ _0 L_9 TNI L_Q _IG T_R LNp L_QP L_

4_*0 46,_ _3*S 3_*9 36,_ 40°8 _,6 3.1 2*5 _,4 6Q°_ 76,_

E-If

Run Code Hlcro _ona

LI L10 L_o Lgo Lg_ TNI Leo 5ZG TDR LNP LEOP LG

17_ 75.0 62°6 _go_ 43°7 121°_ 7D,Z _°2 7,0 93,6 90o4 III,2

NaZSE DCSC_[PTOR(FRO_ AWT)LL L[O LSO LgO L_9 TN! LEO 5X_ ¥_R L_P I._OP LD

70._ 6a,4 58,_ 42.0 3_°_ 117,8 6_._ q.8 _,2 _g°4 _3°9 I02°_

LI LIO LS_ Lg_ L_q TN| L_ 5_G TDR LNP L_QP _B

_U,_ 57,_ S_°_ 3?*_ _°I 9O*O _o_ ?°_ 3.9 74.2 ?2*0 _,_

L_ L_O LSO L90 Lg_ TN_ L_O SX_ _D_ LNp _qp L_

_9°_ 47,7 44,7 _Uo6 _2._ _3°9 4_°3 4,_ Zt_ 5?°_ _9°Q 74_

Run Code HlcrophoneDistance, m

_55c-I0 7,5NOZ5_ OESC,_ZpTCRiFflOM AWy)

LI L_O L_Q LgO Lg_ TNZ L_O $_G ¥0_ LNP L_O_ L_

77°_ ?_°_ 67o7 61,2 _7,_ 11_°2 ?h4 9°1 6o_ _4,a 9[_ _H,3

_ LIO _ Lqo Lg_ TN! L_ SZG TD_ LNP L_Qp L8

70°_ _°6 64,3 4_0 43,4 lOg_6 65,_ _.7 _,0 90°6 _12 _03._

Na_SE OESCR|PTOR(FR_M AWT_L! LIO LSO L_O Lg_ TNZ L_Q 5_G TDR LNP L_Qp LU

_9°_ _°_ 66,_ _Q.2 J?°O _2°_ _l_ ?_ 3°B 7_°7 73°_ _°8

_01$_ D_SCfllpTO_IF_OM AWT)LI LIO L_O L_O L_ TNI L_O $1G TOR _NP L_Op LU

_O°Q 48°_ _,3 37°0 35,1 _,1 _°7 _°7 _*_ _°_ 60,[ ?2°_

E-12

i

RuffCode MicrophoneDIsLancel m

NOIS_ DGSCRZpTOHfFROM AW¥)LI L_O L60 LgO LOV TNI _Q S%G TO_ LNP L[Qp LU

T7.9 ?_*0 b4.9 43oB 37.4 142.6 71.2 lto_ 6,4 103°3 9;*0 11]_5

M--$5¢--9 _.

LI LIO LSO LgO L99 TN! L_Q SIG TDR LNP LEOP LO

?O*8 ag°o _g*_ _h2 3_,Z 12_2 64.8 ;0._ _.6 g2.6 B4.2 t03*O

_55C-_ 30*I_ZSE OESCRIPTOA(F_ON AW¥)

L[ LlO LSO LgO Lgg TN| bEQ SIG TDA LN_ L_Dp LB

60.3 SOoO _31_ 3?*O 34._ gO*_ 5_*_ 9o_ 3,4 78._ ?_*t _a*l

N015_ DKSI_IPTOR(F_O_ Am¥1L_ L_O _SO LgO _ T_I LEG SIG ¥OR L_P _EQP Le

• 3.0 49._ _T*? 36*2 33._ 6O*8 47._ 5_? 3,3 _2o_ 64._ _J12

Rwn Code HlcrophoneDistance, m

M-USC-OA 7*5NOISE G[SCRIPTDk(F_C_ AwT)

_1 LIQ L_O L_O Lg9 TNI L£Q SIG TO_ LN_ _P L_

?_*_ ?3*? _9*g _?_ 3_°4 I_]*_ 60.? _.9 6,9 _01°? 6e,9 105.8

H_|S_ D_SC_IpTOR(FRO_ _TJLI _ZO LeO b_O b_g T_I L_Q SIG ¥OR LNP L_QP _B

_-_5¢-8A 3O*NO%S_ O_SC_IPTOR(FRDM Awrl

LI L_o L_o Lgo _0 TNI b_D 51G TOR bNP L[Q_ LB

• 57oe 56*6 _O*i 33._ 32.2 _5.5 52._ _.5 3°4 76,_ 6_*? _6o_

_C_SA 6O°

L_ LIO _0 L_O b_ TNI _0 51G TD_ LN_ L_Q_ _

4g°3 _?*_ 4_*0 3413 31,6 _.3 _S*O _.3 Io? _.3 _g*3 _2*Q

:_ E-13

RU_ Code HIcrophaneO|stlflce_ m

_4-S6C-OU 7,5_OZS[ DESCRIpTOR(FI2GM AwT)

LI LlO L_Q LgO L99 TNI L_O SIG TDR LHP L_QP _B

?6°g 74°0 61o4 4Oo8 36°u 143°4 69,1 _216 7°4 Job3 _9,6 110,6

r_]1S£ O_SC_IpTORIFRDM AUT)L] bZO LflO Lg_ L99 Tt_Z LEQ SZG TD_ LNP LEap _B

6996 6?,6 _?l_ 36°a 3¢,2 J_9_8 63,3 la,q 6°0 93,D U2.9 JO2_U

N-_SCwaB 3G°NOZSE DgSCAIpT_RtFA_ A_T_

Ll L_O LBO L_O L_Q TNZ L_Q S_O TDR LNp LEQP L_

N01S_ D_SCR_pT_RIFRD_ AWTI

L_ LIO L_G L_O L_ TN_ L_ 516 TDR LNI_ _E_p L_

E-111

Run Code H]¢r0phoneDistlnce, m

_ls_ DE$¢AZpTOFI(FnOW AWTII

_ L! Llo LSO Lgo L99 TN! LEQ SIG TDR LNP L_QP LB

i ??*0 7_*_ Bg*_ 39*2 36*4 150°6 _9.5 12.6 ?,0 lol*9 e?*6 [I0.?

_C_7A I5_

NDI_ D_$QIJPTORIfRaM AIT_L1 LiO LBO L90 _ _| _ _|_ _ _ _ _

RUn Coda H_crophofleDiStinCt, m

hOS5_ OESCRIpTOR(FRON AWTIL_ LIO LSO LgO LgO TNI LEO SIG TDR LNP _EQP LB

?7*O 74*O 5O*O _3.2 _0._ [3_*_ 6_*a _O*a 7.9 96*6 89*6 I_0._

NOI_ D_SCRIPT_RIFAO_ A_T)L_ L_O L_O L_O L_9 TM! L[a Sl_ TDR LNP LEQP LB

6_.9 b_*7 54,6 3a.6 3_*? Z_O*_ 62,_ Io*_ 6*6 aa*o 62.1 toZ*5

_*-55_-?_ 30*_QZSE DESC_IPTCR(F_C_ A_T)

L_ Llo LSO L_O L_? TN! _Q _IG TOA _NP L_QP L_

5_.7 56._ _9.3 35*3 33*O _9.6 52,? ?,? 3*8 72,_ ?0._ _.6

_*_5C-?_ 60*r,G l$_ D_SC_PTCR(F_Oq AIT)

LI L_O LSO L_ Lgq T_Z L_ $1_ TDR LNP L_Q_ LB

4_.9 _8.5 _*_ 35*2 32,Z _n*_ _6,Z _.1 2*O 5_.3 6i*0 75._

E-15

_tr_ Coda MlcrophaneDIstanceg m

r_-5sc.Tc ?,5NQISE OGSCfl|PTGRCFRQN AWTI

L! LIO L50 LgO L_g TN| L_Q SIG TDH L_P LEOP LD

7_.6 ?3*7 _1.2 41.3 36*4 14a*g 69*O 1lIB 6*3 9g.2 _8*Q 109.?

M-_SG--T¢ t_*NOIS[ DESCRIPTOR(FAOW ANTI

LI LIO LSO LgO Lg_ TNI L_@ S_G TD_ _NP L_QP L_

6_.5 67.2 5_.4 3B°4 3_*0 123.4 62*_ I0._ _,? a0.5 8L*a 101.1

_55C-?¢ 30*1_15_ OESCJIIPTORIFRO_ AWT_

LI LIO b_ _gO Lg_ _MI _ _|G TDH LNP L_QP LB

_7*D 5_*_ 49._ 34*6 32.1 92.4 _2.? 8*? 3*? ?_*a ?0._ _*_

_OIS_ O_C_IpToR(FR_ _WT)LI _10 L_O Lgo Lg9 TN% L_Q 51G TD_ LNP L_QP L_

_0.? _a*9 45.! 3_*1 31.2 _3.3 _6,_ 5._ 2.1 61.1 6_.3 _5._

RUn Cade MIcrop_nlDIstAncQ,

NO|SE D_SCfl|pTORIFRON AWT)LI _10 LSO LgO _g9 TN! L_Q SIG TD_ LHP L_@P LB

76._ ?_*_ 62.9 _3.1 3_.6 ]40*3 69.g 11,6 6._ _9_6 _.7 110.8

_15_ D_CHIPTDA(F_O_ AWT)L_ LI_ L_O LgO _99 TN] L[Q SIG TD_ LN_ L_QP LB

6g.7 _*l 57._ 3G*I 37_9 1_5.1 _3._ I1._ 516 92._ a_*? 102._

_-_SC.?D 30*NOTS_ D_SCAIPTOH(_RO_ _WT)

L_ LI_ L_O LgO _Q TN_ LEQ SZG TD_ LNP b_Qp La

_e*_ 57.7 _*_ 37,_ 3_.6 BB*? 54*O 8.7 3._ 76.3 70*g 87,_

_lS_ D[SCRIPTOR(FRON 4wT_LI L_O L_O L_O L_9 TN| L_O SIG TO_ L_P L_Qp LB

_0.4 4g*_ _?*0 3_*_ 3_*_ 57._ _?,2 5._ 2*3 60._ _2.? 7T*_

E-16

J

Run Code HfccophoneDistance, m i

J_,IlA-IO _g5;_015E DEsr.,qlPTON (_flOM AWT)

LI LIO LSO ggO LgQ _NI L_Q S|G TOR LHp LEQP gB

M--35A-tO I_*_|SE OESCRIPTO_IFRO_ A_T)

LI LIO L_O ggO L99 TNI L£O 5IG TDR LNP LEQP L8

6gl_ 61.? 49*O 4S*6 34.4 92.0 57*2 ?*a 4*6 77*2 75*? 94.8

M*35A-lD 3Q*t_D_S_ D_SCNIPTDR(FROM AWT)

L; L_O L50 _90 L99 TNI 'Lgq _[G TOR LNP L_QP La

N_I5_ DESCNIPT_RfFR_ _TI_1 L]O LSQ _Q LOg TNI _gQ NIG TGR _NP _EQP _

46_1 42.5 1_.5 14.I 31.4 37._ 40.1 1.3 h7 4 O* 6 54*3 6_*I

R_n Code He¢rnpl_leDI storIce, m

_-3SA.Q 7.5N_IS[ D[SCR|PTOR(FI1(_4 AWT)

Lt L._O _.50 L.gO LQQ ?_Z L_Q $_ TOIl L.NP I._Qp L._

72_3 6?*3 5_**_ **_*D 3_,7 _G?*3 62*8 8,1 4*4 _3,6 Ul*i LO[*3

_SA--Q 15,N_SI_ O_SCR_PTO)_IFRO_ AWT)

1.1 L.IO 1.50 b,)_ _.gg TNI I._Q gl_ TD_ LNP I.EQP b_

_6,_ 62q2 4_,6 4O*3 3_*U g7,8 _?.2 8,0 4,_ 77,7 "FS.5 94*4

NO|5_ D_gCR|_TOR_FRO*4 AmT)LI t._O I..50 LgO t.QO TN| _0 SIG TDR t.Np L.EOp LO

5S*_ 51°7 43.1 3_*1 32,_ _'1.3 47.? 6*O 2._? 63, D 64*2 Bh4

_i L[(J 1.50 1.90 L9Q TN| t._O _Z_* TD_ LeIP LEQP LU

4b.7 4.1._ 3_,6 33*O 31._ 43*3 4O.4 3.? _*0 4g,5 55,_ 71,1

E-17

Run Code _)¢rophoneDIstance)m

I,t,-3§A-SA ?.5NOISE DESCR%p_ON(FROM AW?I

L] L_O L50 LgO L99 THZ L_O S|G TDR LNP L_QP LB

?2,6 6_1_ 53,1 4_*_ 3e_3 112.0 62.1 8.? 4,4 84,4 aO_4 101_3

N015_ DES_ZPTOA(FRDM AW?ILI L;O LSO L_O L_9 TNZ L_O 51G _OR LNP L_OP LD

65oq _0oB _5,9 3_°5 35_2 97o7 B6ol 8,2 4._ TT°O 74°5 9_,_

_35A--OA _OQN_ D_SCR|pyDRIF_OM AWT)

LI LIO LSO LgO L_ TNZ L_Q _G TD_ LNP L_GP L_

_16 50o_ _G*9 3_,6 32°_ 68_5 4_,_ 6.0 2°_ _hB 63.0 aO,2

_'_35A--_A 6Q,_|_£ O_SCR|pTORIFRO_ AWT)

LI LIO LSO LgO Lg_ TNZ LEO S_ TD_ LNP L_GP LB

4_2 _1 37.4 33,_ 31_ 34,1 38o_ 3,O iQ_ _.6 52o6 eb°?

Run Gode HterOphoneO]st_ncel

P_-35A-_8 ?,5NOZSE O_¢AZPTCA(FRON AWT)

LI _10 LSO LgO Lg_ ?_(_ L_O 5|G TDR LNP _OP L_

_'3_A--8_ 15.e_OZS£ _£_IPTDR(FAO_ AW¥1

_1 _10 LSO LgQ _0_ TH| L_Q _|G ¥_n LNP L_OP LB

• _*_ 6O*6 _0 30._ 3_°0 _1 _,_ ?*9 4_ Tb_ 73o_ _3tl

_-.35A. B6 3D*NDZ_ D_5CRIPTOA(_RO_ AWT)

_1 LIO L_O LgO _g TNZ L_O 5|G TDR LNP L_O_ LO

_3o_ 50,1 401_ 3_,3 3J_6 _?o_ _5._ boo _8 6112 6_o2 7_

N_S_ OE_CRZPTORIFA_M _IT)

E-18

Run Coda HIcrophonl ".DIst8,co._

_-35A._C ?.5f_|sE D_SCRlPTORIFROM AWT)

LI L[O LSO L90 Lgg THI L_Q S2G TDR LNP LEGP LB

74*5 87.6 5504 44.4 3943 |06.2 63.9 0.4 6*; _5._ 82*8 |03.8

M-3B4--_C lfl*NO|S| DESCRIpTORIFROM A_T)

L; L|O LSO LQO LgQ TNZ LEG 5ZG TDR Lflp LEQP LB

_7*Q 62.5 4_.9 39*5 3_.8 IOZ°B 58.0 8*2 4.6 ?Q*l 76.5 06.4

t*-35A.6C 30._]SE n£SCR|pTOR(FRQ_ AWTI

L| LIG L_O L90 LQ9 TN| LEO 5;G TDR LNp L_QP L_

56g0 5a.4 43*4 36.5 34*2 70*1 4a.2 5*a 3*2 63.1 65.| a2°9

k-355.8C 5O*NO|SE OESCR|pTOR|FRON AWT)

L1 _10 LSO kgO LQ9 TN| L_Q SZG TpH _Np _QP L5

45*; 43*2 3_.2 34*3 33.0 _0.2 40.2 3*2 1.8 4_.4 B_*6 &_*3

Run Code H(cr_phoneDIsts_ce_ m

k_-3UA._A 7.5N215_ U_SCR[pToR(FRDH AWT)

_ L_O LflO bQO LQ9 TN| LEO _|G TD_ LNP L_P LB

_-35A.?A I_*_O_S_ DgSC_ZPTOR(P_O_ AWT)

LI L]O _50 _90 L_g TN| L[O S|G ¥0_ LNP L_Op L9

6_*_ 60*g 43*2 34.4 32*O 1|0.4 _?.3 |0.0 4*5 53*O 75*6 9_.4

_-3_A.TA 3O*NOZS_ DgSCA|PT_R(F_O_ AW¥)

LI L_O L_O Lgo LQ9 TN| L_Q S|G TDn LHP LEap L5

57*Q _Q*g 39*0 32*3 31.| ?6*6 46._ ?*t 3*1 64*6 63*3 _*l

_3_A.TA 6O*NOZS£ _SCR|PTaR(FR_ AW¥1

LI L]O _50 L_O L99 T_ LgQ 5_G TDH LNP L_QP _U

46*4 42_1 3_.3 31oa 31.1 43._ 3_.2 3._ 1.7 4G*_ 52*4 6a_3

]

E-19

Run Code H[c_phoneDistance, m

P_35&.?_ 765_oi_ DESCflZPT_R(FRQN AWTI

L! L_O b_D L_O Lgg TNI LEQ 5ZG TO_ LN_ L_OP L8

?I.B 65,3 49.3 40._ 3B.3 100.6 60*g O,a _.4 53.6 7g.2 100.2

NOISE DESCRZPTORCF_DN A_T)LI LIO LSO LgO Lg9 TN! LEO S]G TOR LNP _OP LB

6_.3 6O*3 43*O 37*g 35*6 g?*3 _lo 8.6 4.0 77.1 72,g _2J3

_,-3_A.Ta 3G*_|SE O_$CRIPTDR(F_OM AWTI

LI _10 L_O LgO L_g INI L[_ SIG TDR LN_ L_QP _

53._ 50*3 3a.8 34.8 32._ _?*0 45°4 5.9 3,O 60.4 62*O 79_

_I_E D_CRIPTO_IF_O_ _WTILI L|O L_O LgO _9 ¥NI L_O SIG TOR LNP L[QP _

_,? _2.1 3_o0 3_*_ 31.6 3_.7 3_*_ _*_ hg 86._ S_*3 6_,?

Run Code Hlcrophone_lstcaca, m

W-35A-7C 7.5NDIS_ OESC_IPTOR(_OM AmT)

LI LIO L_O LgO L_9 TNI L_Q $IG TOR LNP L[QP L_

74._ 66.1 _o°g 3a*O _6.1 120,_ 62*5 _0.0 4._ 88._ 80.6 102,_

M-35_-7¢ 15.r_OI_ D_SC_IpTO_(F_W AWT)

LI L|O LBO Lgo Lgg TNI L_Q 51G TO_ LNP L_QP LU

6a°2 61.0 _5._ 3_*g 33.& I0_*_ 5_.g 9.2 _*_ _0,3 7_*_ g_*5

M-35A-?C 3a*NOISE DE_CRIpTDR(FR_ AmT)

L_ LIO L_O LgO Lgg TNI L_Q 51_ TDA LN_ L£QP _B

_,4 50.9 _0.7 33._ 3_ 72.4 _*g 6._ 2_g _3,3 63.4 8_,7

M--35A.7¢ 6O*_OIS_ D_S_RIPTOR(_ROW A_T)

L_ LIO L_O LgO L99 TN| _CQ 51_ TDR LNp L_QP L_

_6.4 _3.6 3_.4 33._ 31,4 _3*J 40.5 3*6 I*_ 4g*_ _*_ 6_.9

E-2O

Bun Code Mfcrop_neDistance, m

k_-3SA-TO 7.5NOISE O_SCRIPTO_(pRCW AWT)

LI LIO L_D LEO L_9 IN| L_O SSG TDR LNP LgOp LB

70,3 _5,Q 4_.5 40,0 36,2 1[0,2 6O,3 _*_ 4.2 _3.S _6°4 ,B*8

M',36A-?O _6.

L[ LIO LSO LgO Lg@ TN| L_O SIG TOR LNP LEO_ _B

_3.5 eO, Z 43°B 37,1 33,b 9_,_ 5.,4 _,3 _,1 75,7 72,_ _l,_

M-35A-7D _*_v_31_EDESCripToR(pROM AWT)

LI LID LSO LQO L_ TN] _EO _I_ TOR LNP LEQ_ LB

_|S_ DESC_IPT_R(_M A_T)LI LIO L_O L_O _ IN| LFO _|G T_ LNP LEQP _U

R_n Code HIcrop_onoDistance. m

_-35_-I0 ?°5NOISE _E_CR%PtO,iFRO_ AWT)

_ LIO L60 L_O L_ TN! LEO SIG T_ _NP L_p LB

?0._ _?_ 5_°1 39._ 33._ I_0._ _3._ i0.4 5.2 _O.O _2.2 I01._

_-35a-I0 _S*NOI_E D_S_I_IpTO_ipROW A_T)

LI L_O LSO L_D L99 TN! L_O S%G TD_ LNp LEOp L_

_t.35o. i ° 3_, NOI_ 0K_IX_TOR(FR_ AWT_

i LI _10 LS0 L_O L_ YNI _E0 5_G TD_ LN_ LEOp L__3_ _2*t 48*O 36._ 31o3 ?0.0 _.8 6*3 2*4 _6°Q _o_ ?_°6

_ M,,_.I o _©* NOISE _C_Ip_I_W ^_T)L! Lt0 L6D _0 Lg_ ?NI LEG 51G TDB _NP L_Qp L_

E-21

r,

i

Run Code HlcrophonBDIst_fl¢@I m

;_-358-g 7,5NOISE D_SC_rPTOA(FRO_ A_ll

Ll LIO _50 L_O Lgg TN_ LEQ 51G TO_ LNP LEQp LB

6g., _6.3 5_._ 391_ 35*2 118.0 61.6 9.4 4*a 85.B 80*2 g,q4

M--35B-9 1_*NO_[ D_SCRZpTOR(F_M AWTI

L| _10 LSO LgO L99 TNZ L_Q SZG T_R LNP L_OP L_

64.3 _.3 53*3 3_*1 31.6 laO*O B?°3 _*0 ,.1 8O*3 75.2 g2.7

M 358-9 30*hl_SE D_$CRZPTO_(FHOM AWT_

LI LIO L50 LgO L_g TNZ LEQ 5ZG Ip_ LN_ L_OP LB

53.7 _°3 ¢6.4 36.7 31.5 61.2 _?*? . 0.7 2_ 62°_ 63._ ?8*2

M--35B.g _©*NO_S£ D[_CRZPTO_(FRO_ ^WTI

LA _10 L_O L_O L_9 TNT L_O 5ZG TD_ LN_ L_QP L_

Run Code Nlcrophon_DistaNce. m

M--35_A 7.5NO1S_ D[SCR|pT_R(FRDM A_TI

L$ blO L_O L_O L_9 TNZ L_O _ZG T_fl LN_ LEQp LB

_;_2 6_.9 _°_ _.1 3_.8 _0_*1 61.2 ?°8 4*6 BL*2 79._ ,9*2

_35_-_ 15._ZS_ DE_CRZpTO_IFRO_ AWT_

L] LIO L50 _ Lgg TNZ L_O S_G TU_ LNP L_Qp LD

64.1 6_*_ _t*6 37*? 32*9 _OD*I 56*6 _.3 _.0 77.8 ?_*5 _2.5

_-35B-_A 3O*

_1 L_O _0 L_O L99 TNI _ 5_G TDR L_ _EOp _6

_3.4 5O*5 _5*_ 3_*_ 3;*? 69.1 _?*_ _ 2._ 6_.6 63,O _8._

t_|SE D_S_Z_TOR(F_OM _WT)LI L_O LSO L_O L_9 TN_ _Q _IG TO_ L_p L_Qp L_

4_*_ _1.1 Jg*5 33*7 Jh, _3.2 39,_ 2,9 1.2 _7._ 82._ 64*4

E-22

Run Code HlcrophoneDistance, m

#_-35n-ao ?,5_O;SE DESCR;pTORIpROH AWT)

LI kl© LSO Lgo _99 _NI LEQ 51G _DR LNp LEQp LD

6B*_ 6b,3 54,7 _*b 37., It3,3 6ao3 9.4 4J_ A5,3 79o? 9,°1

NO|_E DESCRIPTDR(FR_M AWT)Lt LIQ L_O Lgo L_9 TNZ L_Q SZG TDR L_P L_QP L_

6t.9 _qo9 50°9 3_*_ 33_5 I03o2 55°? _,3 3.8 ?Qo5 73o3 _1,0

_3_D-SD _0,

i "_ NOZSE OESCR[pTDR(FRD_ AWTDLI LIO LSO LgO L_9 TX| L_Q 51G TO_ LqP LEQP LB

4_*_ 4a*_ _3,_ 3_*_ 31_5 64_4 _13 _*_ 2o_ _Q_ 6O,6 75_5

i ¸ _35°'eB _0_ I_ZSED_5_PTORIF_O_WTI_1 LZO _0 LgO L_9 TN| LEO _IG TQ_ LNp LEQP L_

, 4Qo_ 39*2 37.0 3_Z 31°_ 3QI3 3?*3 2*? °_ _3 _9_0 60_

Run Code fticrophone

- Distance, mH-31_6¢ ?°5

• NQIS E OE_CRlPT_RIF_M AW¥_LI L_O L_O Lgo 1.9_ ¥_| LEQ 5ZG _D_ L_ LEOP L_

6_.5 _,q _l_ 3_tU 3,°_ 121._ 6_*_ 9°_ 4_8 a_4 _a,5 100,2

M-35_-_¢ 15,

L_ _|0 L_o Lg_ _9 TN! LEQ SZG TO_ _P L_QP LO

_ISE DE_C_IpTORIFROM AWTI: Lt _0 _0 _0 Lgg TNI LEO SlG _OR Lqp L_QP _B

LI LIO LSO L_O L_9 TNI LEO S|G TD_ L_ LEQP _0

• L*O _0o3 30ol 32o_ 31o, _2.2 38._ 3oL t,3 4_1 OZ*_ _l_

E-23

Run Code HlcropheneD(stence, m

M-3_--TA 7,5h'OZ_E DE_C_IpTD_IF_OH AWT)

LI LtO LSO L 9O L99 _N! LEQ _TG TOR bNP LEQP LB

68°5 6_.3 5_to 3_.5 35,_ JZZ°6 60*3 _°5 4_4 B_o? 78°6 9_*1

NaZSE DE_CRZPTO_IF_OM AWT)LI LIQ LSO LgO L_9 TNI LEG 5]G TDR LNll L_Qp L_

_l._ _o6 4_,Z 34*3 31°7 _0_°3 54._ go4 3,9 ?a*B 72.4 90_

_DIS_ DES_ZPTCA(F_O_ Aw7)L_ _O LSO L_O L99 TN1 L_Q S_G TDR LNp LEQP L_

_0°_ 40o? _,_ 32°6 3_.2 67.1 _°9 _o3 _°_ 6L.2 60_6 75,_

M-35_-?A _©._0_$_ OESCJ_Z_TORIFR_ AwTI

b_ L15 LSO LgO L_9 T_! L_O _ZG TD_ bNp LEQP LB

• 0°_ 39*4 _.3 32°_ 3_,_ 3_°1 37°0 2o_ 1°3 43.7 5O*3 _2°_

flun Code HIcrophoneDistance, m

_-35B-?D 7°5NOISE OESCN1PTO_(F_O_ AWTI

LI L_O L_ LgO L99 T_ L_Q 5_ TDR L,Np LEQP LU

_0°? _ol S2o? 3g°6 3_.7 _35°7 _hO _°_ 4.8 _so_ 79°7 9_°4

NOI_ OESCft_PT_IFROM A_T)LI LIO LSN L_O L99 TNI L_Q 5_G 1_R LNP _EQp _U

_°_ _0._ _,_ 35.2 3_°U _05.7 55*5 9°0 4_2 75._ 7_°5 _t._

_-3_-7_ 3O.NDZSE _ESC_IPT_(FRO_ A_T)

b_ _10 _0 LgG L99 TN! LEO 5ZG TOA LNp L_Qp LQ

50°g _oO 43.t 3_°1 31°3 53,7 _5_ 5°5 2°_ 59.5 _Lo3 77°1

_-35U.?_ 6G°NDZS_ D_SC_Z_TO_Fn_M ^WT)

L_ LIO LSO L_Q Lg9 ¥NI LCQ $_G IDn LNP LE_ LB

E-24

_un Cede HlcrephenePlstAnce_ m

_-35B-?C ?,5HO|5_ O_SCRrPTORI_RaM AWT)

L[ LIO L_O LgO L99 TN! L_O S_G TOR LNP L_QP LB

67._ 63*5 4B*O 3_*? 36*? IQO*2 _8.5 9.4 3*g 82.5 ?6*3 t5,9

_-3_?C 15.NO IS£ OESC_IPTO_IFAO_ A_TI

LI LI6 LOO LgO Lgg TN_ L_Q 5ZG ?OR LNP LEQp La

60._ 5a.3 _.3 3_19 34.2 95.4 _3,_ _,_ 3._ ?_.9 ?O*6 _8°?

_-35_-?C 30*N_ZS_ O_SG_pTOR(FROM AWT)

L_ LeO LOO LgO L99 TN_ L_O StG TD_ LNP L[QP LO

_9.3 _?.3 4O*0 33*2 3_*0 59_ _3._ _.4 2.1 5?,_ _*_ 7_,_

1_-35_?C 60*_D_S_ O_OCR]PTORiFH_ AWT)

_ _10 LOO L_O L99 T_| LEO SZG TDA LNP L_Q_ L_

41._ 3g*_ 37*3 3_*? 31.3 3_.6 37.9 _*b 1._ 45.0 B_*4 6_.6

Run Code H(crophoneDistance, m

_35_?D 7*5_lOE D_Ip_OH(FADq Awr)

LI L_O _50 LgO Lg9 TN| L[O SZG _OR LNP L[OP L_

70_ _.9 5bY 3_°2 3_.3 116.0 60,9 9*3 _.6 84,_ _°3 _.8

NOZS_ D_OCR|PXa_(_R_ A_T)LI Lie L_O LgO L_9 TN_ L_Q SIG T_ L_P L_QP LD

64._ _0.2 _a*5 36*? 32._ I_0.0 5_.7 _ _,_ ?Q,2 ?3*? 91.?

LI LIO LOO LgO L_9 _N! _q 5_G I0_ L_P LEQP LH

_2.6 _8._ _o_ 33*4 3_°2 62.6 _.1 _*? 2*A _.7 _e*B 7_*7

N_5_ D_SC_|PTOR_F_ON A_¥)_1 _;0 L_O LgO _9 T_] L[Q 5ZG TO_ L_P LEOP L_

_h? 39*2 _6._ 33.1 31.2 27.? 37,_ 2,_ 1.2 _3,_ _9*9 _2*_

E-25

Run Code Hlcrop_e_eDIstaNce_,m

1_-35C-IO ?,5h_ISE OESCRZpTDRIFROH AmT)

L_ _LO L_O Lgo L_9 TNX LEG SIG TD_ LNP _QP L8

.. 6_,9 67o9 _Om2 361_ 34,_ 131eB 63,B 13o? 4,6 g8_ _2,4 lot*5

_--35C-Z0 |5,._15_ D_SCRIPTORfFHO_ AW¥1

LI LIO L50 L_O LgO TH! bEQ STG TDA _Np L_QP LB

62.5 _h2 $5_? 34.8 33,2 110.4 _7,7 11°6 410 8?°4 75,5 g2_9

,_35C-10 3ee_ZSE O_S_PTOR(F_DH AWT)

_1 LIO _ LgO L_ TN| L_Q 5_G T_ LNp L_Qp LB

4g,9 48*? 45,_ 33_? 3_*_ _3o8 46_0 6o_ 1,9 _o_ _0o? ?_,7

_35C-t0 _e_

LI LIe LSO LgO L_ TN! L_O SIG TOR LNP L_OP L_

4_3 41o2 39,6 33_4 3t,_ _,6 39.B 3,_ 2_2 4T.9 5_ _3o6

Run Cede HlcrophoneDistance, :

_*-35c.g ?°5NO25E DESC_|PTOk(FHO_ Aw_)

LI LIO LSO LgO L_ TNZ L_O S_G TD_ LNp L_QP LG

71,? 6n°_ _OlO 361_ 35,3 133_5 64,6 14o0 _o_ leOo_ _3o0 _el°3

_-35C-9 I_oNOI_ D_SC_PTD_(FRDM AWTI

L! L_O LSO LgO L99 TN_ L_Q S_G TDR LNP L_OP LU

_3°_ 6hl 54,9 36,Q 34,_ _Ob°_ 57_5 11.6 3*4 8T, 1 74,T _0o_

k_-3_C--9 301NO|S_ D_SC_IPTD_(F_OM _WT_

L! b)O LSO L_G Lgg TN_ L_Q 5_G T_A _N_ _GP LD

50,2 _e°6 44,_ 3_oU 33,2 _*0 4_ 5,9 _7 6e,_ 59oB 73°4

_1 b_e LSO LgO L_9 TN_ L_Q 5_G TDR L_p L_GP L_

4_T _1,_ 3_4 _3,? 32o_ 34,_ 3_,_ 3°0 _,Q 4_,B 51,Z 6_,_

E-26

Run Code HIcrophoneDl_ta_cm, m

M-35C-aA ?q5NO|SE OESCRIPTOR(FRO_ AWTp

LI LIO L_O LgO Lg_ TH| LEQ S|G TDR LNP L_OP LB

71_7 b_.4 67.9 3Bo7 36,6 131_3 6_Q? I_? _o3 9?,2 a3o7 L03ol

NOZS_ aESCAIPTOn(FAO_ AWTpL_ LIO L_O LgO Lg_ TNI L_Q S|G ¥GR LNP L_QP LO

63_4 61o7 52o7 36,0 3461 lOB*9 _?.b 10o6 480 _4°8 ?B.4 03.1

N.35C.SA 3O,NOISE D_SCI4_pTOAIFAO_ A_!

L_ L_O LSO LgO L_9 ¥_| _ S|G TD_ LNP _aP _B

_0_4 49*O 4_g 33_8 32,1 6_.6 _B 6._ 2,1 62_3 bOe_ _5_5

NOZS_ D_Se_pT_R(FR_ AWTI_1 LiO LSO LgO L99 T_ LEO 5|G TO_ LN_ L_Q_ _8

_2Q7 _t*4 3_,1 33_9 3_e3 34°0 39o5 3o_ Z._ _7_7 5_e_ b_6

Ruff Code HIc_ophoheDistance, m

_-3_C.8B ?*0N_ISE QESCR|p¥OA(FROH AWT)

LI LIO LSO L_O L_9 TN_ L_O 51G T_R LNP L_QP _

72,1 6Bo? _5_S 39_ 3B.2 _2_2 _4Q_ _Z*7 _T 9_,4 B_9 101,6

NOZS_ _CR1PTOR(FR_ AWT)LI LI_ L_O LgO Lgg TN1 L_O 5ZG TOR LNP L_QP L_

_3_9 61,_ _4 3U.5 37*2 _0o8 _To3 Q,_ 3_ B_4 T_o_ _Lo_

N-3_C--aB 30__OrSE _SCR_p_OR(FRO_ AWT_

LI LIO L_O LgO L_ TN$ L_Q SIG TD_ LNP _GP LU

EOo_ 4n_ 44_a 37o_ 35.? S2*a 46_0 _.7 I_T 5B°O 60,3 74.1

NQ_5_ OE_CR_PTOA_F_q AWT)L! L_ L_O LgO L_9 TN_ LEQ 5_G TGR LNP LEQP La

_3_2 4_o0 3g.B _6o? 3_,Z _7._ _0_6 2.1 1,4 45,U _o9 _6_

E-27

Run Code HIcrophoneDIstance_ m

P_35C-BC ?e5_OISE OESC,qZpTDR(FRO_ A_Tp

LI Llo LSO LgO LQ9 TN| LeO 5_G TDB LNP LEQp LU

?a*_ 6G12 56_ 3al_ 3T_5 130ol 641a 1_°3 4.2 g6_3 a2°B |_0o2

_-3SG-_C lSiNOIS_ DeSC_qlpTa_(FRO_ AIT)

LI LlO LSQ LgO L_g TN| L_Q SIG TDR LNP L£aP LD

_2o9 _1o8 5ZQ6 3649 35*3 106, b _?lB lop3 3*Z _tl 74o_ _0°0

_--35C--8C 301NOIS_ OESCRZPTO_(FAO_ A_TI

LI LIO LSO L_O L_9 TNI L_Q SZG T_ L_P L_P LD

_,'35C-aC _0,NQ_S_ D_SC_IPTORIFRO_ A_T)

LI _10 L_O LgO L_9 TN| LEQ SIG TOA LNP _EOP LB

42°t _,6 3go5 3_,_ 33,1 32_7 3_*_ 3,0 I,O 4T,_ 5hB 6311

Run Codo HIc_ophoneDIsta_cB_ M

_-35C.?A ?*5_15_ D_SCRIPTDAIF_O_ A_TI

LI _10 L60 LgO L_9 TN! _Q 51G TD_ LN_ L_QP L_

T_3 6_o4 _71_ 3810 361_ 133,5 _.6 I_? 5°6 _?*_ B3°9 IQ3o3

N31SE D_SC_IPTDRI_R_M AWT_LI LI_ LSO L_O _? TNI L_O 51G TDR LHp L_a_ _

_t4 _2,4 _,9 36_1 ¸ 3_I0 _1_1_ 57_ 10_9 413 _5,? 75,9 _3,U

_-35C._A _QoN_IS_ D_SCRZPTDA(FR3q AIT)

LI LIO LSO LgO L99 TN| LEO SIG TD_ LNp _P LB

_hO 49.4 _4_2 34.0 3_.7 65,3 45o_ 6,_ 2o! 62,6 61,t ?btl

_.3SC.yA 60.tIDISE D_sc.qzPTOR{FRO_ AWTI

LI LIO LSO LgG L¢9 THI LEQ _IG TDR LHp LEOP _D

E-28

Run Code MicrophoneD]stance.

_-35C-TB 7e_blaISE D_C._IPTORIFRDN AmTI

LA L30 LSO L90 L99 TN| L_Q S|G TDR LNP LEOP LB

?0o_ _9_0 _T.Z 38Q3 36t_ 131,2 _4t2 I_o? 41g 96o? e2t9 IOL_n

M-3_C-TB 15oNO I_E D_SC_IPTOR(FRO_ AVTD

LI _lO LSO _QO L99 TN| LEO $1G TOR LNP L_DP LB

63.O 611_ 5_1! 36t2 3Be! 108_8 _TQS I1ol 3t_ a_O ?_J9 9210

_-36C-?_ 30,_IS_ O_5_IIPTD_(FR_N AWT)

_1 LIO _0 _0 L99 TNI L_@ 51G TD_ LN_ L_O_ LB

NOISG D_S_IPTOR_FRO_ A_T_

L_ LI_ L_O LgO Lg_ TNI LEG SI_ T_ LNP _OP LD

4_,_ _16 _BIB 34,_ 3_1 _3_? 3_1_ 3o0 1,3 _?_2 _6 _,_

Run Code MicrophoneO(stanc_, m

_10]5_ DESC_IPTOREp_OM AWT)_ L_O _SQ L_O L_ TMI LEQ SIG TDR _Np LEOP LB

?0.6 _eg9 _6._ 3_3 35_ J_3.6 6_0 _o6 _o3 9_o3 G3oa IO_o_

_QIS_ DKSCklpT_(FR_ AW_L_ LIO L_O LO0 L_9 TN_ L_O SIG TDR L_P L_O_ _0

_o_ 6_._ 53_ 3_5 _3_6 _09_ _?°_ _lo_ 3_ _o? ?_ll 92°3

_ISE D_SC_IPTOR(F_C_ _WT}LI _0 L_D LgO LU9 TN! LE_ SIG TDR LNP L_Qp L_

6_.4 _._ 46_0 33._ 32°O _16 4_.? ?o_ 2°O _9 6_o6 76.2

_OIS_ DESCRIPTOR(F_DM AUT)LI LlO L_O _90 L_ TN! L_ SIG TDR _NP L_Qp LD

E-_,9

J:

]

RunCOde H[crophoneOls_nco_ m

M-35C-?O 7.5_015_ DE_IZPTOR(pROH AWT)

, : 72.0 69*3 D?*O 3u,o 3?*4 z3n,e _**9 12,6 4.6 Q?al 83*4 |o2*g

, N IS_ D_SCNIPTD_(FR_ AWTI_& LIO L_D LQO LgU TN! L_Q 5;G TDR LHP LEQP LU

64*5 _Z*O 5S*? 36*4 3_.5 lOa*? S8,6 lh6 31G 68J2 ?6*D g3*l

1_36C-70 3_.hc_Isg D_SCRIPT_R(FRON _TI

_| LI0 _0 LgQ LQ_ TNI L_ 51_ T_ LNP L_QO _U

i _3._ 50*g 44.1 32*8 31.3 ?5*; 47._ _.7 _*l _7o5 62*8 ??*Q

r,_O1S[ O_5¢RIpT_IFNO_ _WTI

• _1 _1o _5o L9O _Q_ TNI _gO 5;G ?ON _NP _Gp _n

i

2

E-30

Ru_ Code HIc'i'ophoneDIstance_ m

M-;HT-35_-9-TI 7.5HOZO_ O_C.RZpTOR(FROM AWT)

L| LIO _50 LgO Lgg TNZ _0 5|G TD_ LHp LEOp L5

_2,4 71,3 _2o4 4_.8 44°t 120.g 6g*? |1.1 2,1 9B_O _4.? 152,4

M-IHT*35_-_-TI I_*r_OlS_ D£_CR|PTOR(pRO_ AmTJ

LZ • L_O L_O LgO L_9 TNI LEO 5|G TOR LNP _OP LB

7_.q 6g,5 _0,0 41,3 36,_ L24.2 65*3 10°? 2.O g2,6 8013 95.6

_a"_NT-35_-9-¥1 3G,r_|S[ De_CRZPTQR(FROq ANTI

L; LIO LOO LgD Lgg ¥NZ LEO _ TDR LHP L_OP L5

6_,8 6_,2 _6,2 30,_ 3_*_ _0?,3 50*i _,5 2.5 _210 ?3,g _0,_

_ I Llo Lso L_o Lg9 Tel! L_Q SZO TDR LH_ _[OP LD

6O*5 _?.6 4_12 3B.5 3?,O 54*? 51.9 ?.3 2*2 ?0._ 6?.2 _3.3

Rub Code HlcrophoneDistanCe, m

M'IHT-35a-9-T2 7.5NQ|S_ D_¢RTPT_R_RD_ _WT)

L_ LtO LOO LgO L_9 T_Z L_O $_G TD_ _r_P L_Qp L_

_]*B b_*o 50.1 4_.7 _*1 _iO,o 67*B iO*_ 1.9 g4.4 82*5 t04°2

_°_NT-3_5-9-T2 15,NO]_OESCRZPT_(p_5_AWT)

LI L;O _0 LgO L_g TNI L_Q 5ZG TOA _NP LOQ_ L_

NO]_ DEOC/t|PT_R(FRO¼ Am¥)LZ LIO LOO LgO L_ TH| _£0 5_G TOR _N_ L_QP L5

_6._ 6Q.3 43*5 38*3 36*6 96*5 _6.0 B.5 1._ 77.7 ?D*_ 8_.8 i

_-_NT-3_5-9-T2 6O*_]S[ D_SC_|PTO_(_ROq AWT_

LI LtO LOP LgO L_g TN! L[O _ZO TDR LNP L_OP L5

5g*_ 54*2 40._ 37*8 3_.5 73._ 49*3 61_ 2°_ _6.2 6_.6 84.3

E-31

Run Code HICrOp_one01stance, m

k_ZNT--3_9-Q-T3 ?*_NOZSE DES_ZpyDR(FRO_ AWT)

LI LIO LSO LgO Lg_ TNI L_Q 51G ¥OR LNP LEQP LD

82_4 6_*g 45t4 _4.3 44*O 112.? 6a.2 I].9 2.1 9B.6 _3p4 IQ4*I

_OISE DESCR_PTOR(F_OH AW?I_1 LIO L_O LgO LQQ TN! LEQ 5_G TDR LNp LEaP LO

?_.6 fl_*5 44.Z 43,! 42J2 I02.6 63.Q |_*0 2.1 92.[ ?0_0 _n*3

N015£ DESCRZPTOR(FRD_ AWTILI LlO LSO LQO L_Q TN| L_q 51G TDR LN_ L_QP L_

_6._ _8.? 41.4 39*4 36*2 _,_ 5S*O _.5 I*_ ?_.7 6_Q? _*0

_._NT* 3_-_T3 60*

LI LIO L_O LgO L99 rN_ L[O 51G TDR LN_ LEQp _n

56.7 53_5 4n*l _n*2 36.1 6_.2 _8.2 6._ I_? 63*8 62°3 ?9*3

• Run Code MIcrophoneDIsta_ce_ m

_-]NT-35B-Q-T4 7,5_3ZSE D_SCRIPT_F_OM AWTI

L_ LID L_O Lgo L99 ¥N! _EO SIG TD_ _NP _qp L_

_?_4 74*7 _2_ 4_*_ _4,1 135.1 74._ Jl*9 2,2 104.6 _9.5 _0_*0

*_O_S_ DESC_ZpTORIFRO_ AW_)LI L_O LSO _0 LQQ TN_ LEO SZG _ L_P LEOP L_

_hC ?2*g _D*_ 42,6 4_*1 133_6 6Q*? ;1.2 210 _8_4 _4.6 _D_*?

_--_NT_35D.9-T4 3O*_Z5£ DESCR_PTOR_F_ AW_I

LI LIO LSQ L_O L_9 TN! L_O SlG TO_ L_ _qp L_

LI L_O LSO LQO LQQ TNZ LEO _ZG TnR LNP LEg_ LB

6_*_ _*1 _,1 34*4 3_,2 119.2 56,? _.6 2*? Uh_ 72._ _n*4

E-32

R_n Code MicrophoneDlstance_m

_-INT-350-_T3/T4 T*_NOI_ D_SCHZPTOR_F_D_ AWTI

LI _tO LSa LgO L_9 YNI LEO SZG YQR LNP L_DP LO

eb,_ 77,1 54.g 5_,2 _a*O 11_°8 75*O tl,l 2_0 103o_ Bg°_ Ill,5

_-IHT-35D-_--T3/T4 15.I_Z_ D_SCR_PTaR(FRD_ AWT_

LI LIO L_O L_O L_Q ¥NI LEO SZG TQR LNP L_Qp LO

_h9 ?4.5 st*7 a2*B 42_1 13_*_ 69,9 II*e 2_a tO0*l 85.5 IQ2°1

¢._|NT-36B-a-T3/T4 3QIt,l_lS_ DESC_Ip_OR(FAO_ A_T)

L3 LIO L_O LgO L_g TN! L_O 51G T_R LN_ L_Qp LB

_-INT-35_-8-T_/T4 6Q*_IS_ _ESC_ZPTOR(F_D_ A_TI

L_ LIO L_O L_O L_g TNI L_Q $1G TDR _NP L_Op LD

64,2 _B*3 3_B =?°? 3b_B _0.3 5_oI 9.2 2_ 7?*? 69*0 _4,9

Run Code Hl_rophoneDistance, m

H-]HT--35_-_-TI/T4 ?.5

_l LIO LSO LeO L_9 ¥NI LC_ S|_ T_R LN_ L_p Lfl

_°_ ?_,_ _*_ b_o_ _2*0 113.5 72*3 IO*_ 2,O IO0,O _7.3 IO0*_

_'_NT'35U-P-TI/T4 _°

LI LIO L_O LgO L_9 TN! L_Q 5;_ TO_ _N_ LEOP L_

_,1 ?_.2 _5,_ _l*_ 4t°_ 13J,_ _*! 13,0 2,_ 101._ B3°_ 103.1

_1 _0 L_ LgO Lgg TN_ L_O _ZG TO_ L_ L_OP L_

T3_2 6_°? _3,0 _2._ 4_*0 _ob*_ _,a I1.0 2,t 9O*O 77.0 _6_0

LI L_D L_O L_O L_9 T_I LEQ _l_ TO_ L_ L_Qp Lfl

_3,_ _7.1 39.9 37°_ 35*2 _5,? 5_o_ _.7 2,_ ?5.2 6_*7 B6,T

E-33

H

R_n Code HlcrophoneDJstance t m

M-INT.35U-?.T2fT3fT4 7*5NOI$[ D_CnlpTDA(FRO_ AW¥1

_1 LIO LSO LgO L_ TN! LEO 5|G TDR _HP LEQP _B

BS*O ??*3 B2.6 _2_2 52_0 122.? 73.3 11.8 2*4 i03._ BD*O ;_5.8

N-XNT-35a_7--T2/T3/T4 _5.

L! L_O _0 LgO L99 T_! L_O SlG TO_ LHP L£Qp L_

7_.5 ?3*3 46.5 _3.4 _2. i ;3_.2 6_.1 13.1 2*9 I01.? 8_*_ lOh_

_-|NT-35D.?.T2/T3/T4 3_*

_J LIO L_O _gO Lgg T_ L_Q SIG TO_ LN_ LEOp LD

_, | NT- 35B-7-T _IT3_T 4 60*

L_ _[0 _60 L_O L99 TN! LEO 51G T_R LHP LEOP L_

_go_ _6._ 42*9 _0,0 3_.6 ??*_ _2.1 ?*3 _*_ ?0,? _?.9 _3.6

E-31f

Appendix F

Descriplors of tile A-Weighted Sound Leveh for file Shnuhted-Traffie

Single-Vehlcle Recordings

This appendix includes the several descriptors for each of the simulated-traffic slngle-vehlcle recordings described in Section 3.2. Th_ data recordingand analysis"procedures are dQseribed in Sections 2.4, 3.3, and 3.4 of the mainbody of this report. The format of the tables is the same as that of Tables23-25 in the main body of the report. The identification code for individualruns is described on page 42.

The group of 88-km/hr (55-mph) passbys is first, followed by the 56-km/hr(35-mph) passhys and then by the stop-and-go (intersection) passhys. Withineach group, the ten automobiles (AI, A2,...AIO) come first, followed by thefour trucks (T1, T2, T3, T4), the bus (g)_ and, finally, the s0uped-up plckuptruck (P). The overall order is as follows:

VehicleSpeed Condition

Identification

Code 88 56 Stop & Go

(see Tables 15 and 16) km/hr km/hr

A1 Page P-2 Page P-10 Page F-18A2 P-2 F-IO F-18A3 F-3 F-f1 F-19A4 P-3 F-f1 F-19A5 F-_ F-12 F-20A6 F-4 F-12 F-2DA7 F-5 F-13 F-21A8 F-5 F-13 P-21A9 F-6 F-14 F-22AIO F-6 F-14 F-22

TI F-7 F-15 F-23T2 F-7 F-15 F-23T3 F-8 F-16 F-24T4 F-8 F-16 P-24

B F-9 F-17 F-25

P F-9 F-17 F-25

F-I

....

.._

................

._.

•

??

•o

__

_o

o_

oo

__

-o_

ooo

oo_

_

JmN

JN_

_eL

N_

LN_

(*°J_@

J=_

°°

_

Je_

_L_

J_o

Joe

JU_

•-_

__

_°°_

.o

.om

o+m

°+

m+

++

+p

.m

m:

P.

m--

m_m

mm

mm

mm

_om

mm

+m

°mm

m_0

+''

PP_

+P_

73_

:+"

+..

----

Fo

¢p--

r+

orm

mr

N_

r:m

ro

mp

.°,._

°o

"""-

PP_

_PI

mmr

:w

r

iii!i

_i_

i_

i•

i

L

.._

..r

_o

L_

__

"or

•_r

•_r

_r?_

.u_

o.

.*o

•_r

_r

_©r

_r

_r

_r

__r

¢

•o

__

_=

_o

_m=r

+

r

""pp

_+

++

.+

mo

p

k•

r

_r_r

_or

_r

•-_

L

m

_'-_

._

_o._

_-:

G_;

_._

_;_

_o_

;-=

o_

__

•0=

.o

J_e

o**

o_.

<•

•_._.

-•

-=...

o=

__

...o

_-_.

mo

••

o•

•o

_'_':

o

_o_,.,..

..=-.,;

.,_.

__'

.,_._

J_Q

_o

o_

_Q.,

•

o°

_o

..

_

je.

+.

ii_

__

ii_+

"'_

__

_'_

__

"__

o•

,r+

+r

-.,r

_r

m_r

•

-+

-g

-_

-_

__

-_

-

......

......

.;_G

PPmG

,o

mm_r

+m=r

m.=r

+m+r

++=r

.--_r

Im=r

o+=

mm

mo

©om

om

cm_

++

mo

-.+

+m

_w

+m

+w

mol

mm

mm

mm

__

-mm

_+m

°+m

°m

+_+

mo

JmQ

_N

_°°

_J_"

J_

_o

o

<°.

(.°<

°.

Q_o.

Q_°,

Q..t

__.°

_°

o

°°_

....

+_

°++

i=

_i

__

-_

_+

-+

oo_

++

._

m--

r_o

r._r

--_r

++

+..

++

_.o

o+

+_

--m

m_r

Nm

+p

+m

p,.

.w

mp

m+r

--m

r..+

1_+

o_+

&r

m_Pmor

--+P

omp

<o°

_°o

_°°<°.

_.°

•o

-*oa.**

D.o

*a-*°

a*

Q-*°

o**

**

o°

_..._

_o

...¢

o-*-

•*

o.

*o

**--

----

a°*--

o**

_-*

@

za

-j, .

•.

_°o

_

_°

:..-o

....

_.

_°°

o_

Q_*.

a.**a.*0

o_.o

_..°_...

o*°

o._

o*

0

........._::.

....o.......

•¢°*.¢*.

<*o

•,¢°,

,(**

*

.(o.Jm

<_:

<Q<¢z

<(]

=-

.=

_,.

;_,

_=

"-,_

.:-.,

;=

_,.

__,

,_

,_,

*°

JqN_

_n_JO

Qj_

jn_J_

<ql

..(..

<..<

..<o

.

Q.l*

=.,.Q

.°.a_..

_.oo

•¢.

•e

.,(

i,

,JG_-

JdOJ,:e

"¢..<.o

<*°

__C

l_l•

c__o

•_

a_'_.o

_¢]

....o

...-

_..°i_

j¢c_Rjcc.N

jj_¢_

jc_-R

_J_¢-#

(1_,.l¢[

__l_

libj[C

--r4

..

Do

_o.

•°

.Jfl_

--<Q

<_

.<

c*z

_'_

r

m_r

o_F

_f_N

re_

r=-

_

**o

S,,|NT.Ag ?o5 a 607

_Z_U_ AmTm T3_B A! TIN_ _T_p 44_LD LDD

S_L 5_LP _ELB TOTAL RZSE FALL TOTAL R|SE FALLTOTAL T6eg g_6 11_,B _o_ _,13 3q46 2_6 hg7 3oBG-tODB T8°2 _GII 114D4 6,45 _,g_ a.oa 6_26 3oaG 8*Bg

S-|NT-Ag 15_ 2 GO5

_ _XIMUN ART_ 66,¥ AT TZME BT_p 43_r LD LDD5_ _Lp _ELB _OTAL _SI_ FALL T_TAL R_E FA_L

TDTAL T1o3 _Dg lOb_3 _36 _17 2,82 Z,36 _o25 2,_2-_0_ ?0,6 _la 1_5*g 4129 4_85 3*gl 3_T2 2.g3 4,|3

._-|NT-_9 30, 2 609

_X|_UN A_T_ _B,6 AT TX_ $T_p _4__0 LOP

5EL _L@ S_L8 TOTAL R_E _ALL TOTAL R_S_ PA_tQTA_ _7 7?*5 g_e4 l,g_ i_gO 1.98 2,_7 2_36 2_G4-IODB _lt7 7?_a g3*T _*_¢ _Q_5 2,?? 3o_1 3163 3oGg

_._X|_UM AmT, 46_ AT T_N_ _TEp _3gLD _D_

_L SELP I_L_ IOTAL RZ6_ FALL T_TAL AZS_ FA_LTOTA_ _7,_ ?_,5 B6,2 1,_6 |Q_ ¢*45 2_07 2eIS l_a_-1ODD _6*g ?|,4 B6,¢ hB4 log? 1,_3 2_0 Z,24 _?_

_._X_NU_ _T_ T364 A1 T|N_ 5T_P _04LD _DD

5£_ _EL_ SEL_ TOTAL _lS_ _AL_ TOTAL R]_ P_LL

NAXIN_N AIT_ _6o? A1 TIN_ _T_p _04LG LDD

S_ _P _LB _DTA_ R_f_ FA_L TQTA_ RZSE PALLTOTAL 71,2 8_4 Io_g Z,|T _*Bb 3.17 I.?? l*Tg I*_g

5.|NT-AID 3_, 2 _1

LD _DD6_L 5_LP S_L5 TDTAL _|5_ P_LL TOTAL RZS_ _A_L

TOTAL _2_ ?6_a g4,7 h&_ 1_ 2.25 I._D 1,50 h4_.|ODB _1,3 ?_,? g_.2 2,_ 2131 3°$4 2_6_ 2,_2 213|

N_XZ_U_ A_I 46Q7 AT T|N_ ST_p _13LD LDD

5EL SELP _EL_ TDTAL R|5_ FALL TQ_AL RISE FALL

-;O_B 56,1 _g*_ _3,2 _2g 1116 1.61 _l_U h43 h6_

F-22

°-_

-,o

°°_

°.

_o

o°o

.1_'_

.io

_ooo

..._,

••

__

m°

_°

•

_.__._._

.....o

°-

°°

.:.

.•

o_.

__

_o_

_°°

_.

_o_

_

*.>

**>

**>

*.

>**>

.*>

**>

_Br

_M

r_B_

_--r

Appenaix G.

Time Histories .f the A-Weighted Levels for

tim Simulated-Traffic $ingle-VelfielePassbys

Graphic level recordings ("East" response) of the time histories of tileA-welghted sound levels for the slngle-vehlcle passbys are included in this appendix.In the present study, the ma3or interest with regard to these time histories isthe shape of the curves rather than the actual levels obtained. Thus ordinatescales nave not been placed on each curve. Rather, only the sound level range(50 dO) of these plots is shown. A time scale is shown for the abscissa. Forthe 56-km/hr passbys, a recording of nominally 22 sec is shown. For the 88-km/hrpassbys, a 15-set recording is shown. For the stop-and-go passhys, s recordlength of 60 see is displayed. Figures G1 through G24 display these timehistories, organized as follows:

Automobiles:

Speed condition Microphone position7,5 m iS m 30 m 6Cm

56 km/hr Fig. Gl Fig. G2 Fig. G3 Plg. G4

88 km/hr Fig, G5 Fig. G6 Fig. G7 Fig. G8

"stop and go" Fig. G9 Fig. _10 Fig. Gll Fig. G12

trucks (and a bus):

Speed condition Microphone position

7.5 m 15 m 30 m 60 m

56 km/hr Fig. G13 Fig. gl4 Fig. gl5 Fig. G16

gS km/hr Fig. G17 Fig. gl8 Fig, G19 Fig. G20

"stop and go" Fig. G21 Fig. g22 Fig. G23 Fig. G24

In each of Figures gl-gl2, ten plots are shown corresponding to the ten automohil_s(see p. 38) which were used. In each of Figures G13-$24, six plots are shown,corresponding to the four trucks (see Table 16, p. 38), the bus, and the souped-uppickup truck.

G-i

o

. _

A4 t*S

FlKul'a G1, T|Ia hL_goflel of gha ,_-,+o|lhgad Iourtd Iovel far 56 km/'hr plls_y$ ofa_comohLIoa, Thema Cu/vea correlpond to lho 7,5 m mlerophono,

AI _2 .*.3 At* A$

A6 /.7 A8 A9 AI0

_-'Zsera _, T_ma hfegogl_n of _ll_ A-_elStlced aound Level for _6 km/hr p_$_bys oflu_om0blloa, Tl_l*e curved ¢orcevpcnd to the L5 m _lerophone,

......... ..j * ,.

_.5 A7 a_ A9 AI0

_"°.'o4

4¼tomo'a_._ial , Tt,.l|dl CU_g| Go_eimpond _o _hgt 10 w iI¢_o_h_34t*

/

....... _+

_:'_.. "-_--_:.:."" i.'--_'_i_:

A_ ' A_ A4 A5

A6 A7 Ag A9 AXO

AL A2 A3 A4 AS

A6 A7 A_ A9 AI0

i-,o,°o__lg_rl a_* TIll himcarl_B af gha A-ww/ghted _ou_ct llvll _ar _ _m/_e pl|lby$ o[

a_omo_II_l, _iiiI eu_'_,egcorrespond g_ the?,Sm mlcroplm_o,

AI A2 A3 A4 A5

P_G_

_6 A7 AQ ^9 AIO

Flggri L_b, T_O hla_urlul of LIIOA+uulgh_ _o_nd luwl f_r B8 k_/hr" pl_sby$ Df

__°_1

_1'__

......

,_

_i_,

__i,,_i

__

_'__ill

_:I_,_

,l_I:,_

._I_,

_.__

•_l_i_l

_':_

•_,

_:_I̧!I/ll_._li!I

'p

__"_'_pI'

g

_:_._.T'_ki_-:.̧ ' • . • Z----,'_._" :_--_'-_ ___

_'°"°_1

r£j_ra C 9. T/ms hIi_orlu ot thl A-vmi|h_ed sound l_al to_ s[up-lnd-|u paliby|of a_,o_o_/le*, lhtl_ curv** eorgupond _o gh*7*_ • iI_rophonl,

::z;i::-:_-.,o.°°.,{

".-'i j.-"

50 II _

I_ICE

FlgUrcw _10, T_I_I gltlgoTl_{_ Of till A-wllghLad sound _ows_ fo_ i_op-lnd-_o {IIISB'O)*Iof #u_oa_blle_, "_I_iii ©u_vem lorrllpond to l_l I_ m mle_aphone.

G-7

§Q d_ /;10 _:-''_ ,.

plgu_ _II, TIll hlltorloB of _ko _,._IgIl_g _aund lovel fo_ lta_-l_d-go p_l#by_

C,-8

!5"_'5T^_._._LS:_._..:_̂a-_---_'_:-._-----:5_._"_-'.:_._-'-'_'.--._.__--_-_:"

- At* ":" " : ." " " _ A5 •: • " : :, _6

..L_.:_. ._" ....._---_--_-2___._:-_...__.-..__:____:_,._=.;L_::::5 -:::':_.__.-.,-. _ _-...,__

_l|u=l G12, T_s hlllIOrlll o_ tgl A-_algh_4 Iound llv_ for |_O_-I_o _4_tl_l&

+

_._.

_

•+

'_+

+

T] T2 T3

T4 3 P

*-20 |ec_

FIKu=e GLS, T_m ht_Cortaa of tho A-weilhted sound Zswl for 35 mph panbyaof _¢_ts n;td of • buB, These curve_ correspond _o the 30 t;microphone*

_2

TI T1 'f3

T_* [I P

;! Figure GI5, TJ_e hlmtof_ae of ch_ A-uelg]_¢e;[ hound |_vel.for 35 mph pasahy|of ¢r_¢1_ o._ af a b_* Ths_¢ c_rvee cort©spond to _ha 60 =

I =t=rophone*

? °o

_I

'l]!_l_

ll__

_!_

'

Q

g_

c_

]_-

__'

._

f"

_i_

:_

II_

I!

I'_

]

•k

•

i

T1

T4

_D d_

P

1.2o..o._

.i _bl A-'aa_ght_d a_uo .... ,_ond o t_e_,_ m I_ p

,i.tS_tl:a 021. ol 1._cY_l i_d af |

J

,t

TI T2

]

TI T4

•I i:F£gur m C_2, T.Lm@hJBcorl_l Of _hB A.'_Lgh_ed io_n_ l_vel for _cop-a_d-So

paanby_ of trucks Ind og a b_l* Thclo curveu corrllpon_ roi_e 15 m m|¢ro,_llona,

?

2

I.¸¸.¸¸TI rE

T3 T4

_=o.oo,I,

Fllurl CII* Till l_llo_*lelofftho A-vuJBh_d IO_lnc_level for ugop.agci-go_1_llb]lo_ gc_c_ an_ of a,_oB, TI_esecurwu corraupo_d go

i_ • _ . _ i/____._.</..<._ " _ _L ._ , ._z_ .._

' T) T2

T3 T4

i _liu_'a G_* "_:Lm_tlll(olloI Of thl A-_mLli_ld Ioun_ IIvI1 _0r s_op-sn_-_o _AIibyl

i AppendixH.

Sound Exposure Level Spectra for file Simula_l-Traffle

Single-Vehicle Passbys

Sound exposure level spectra for the single vablcle passbys are included inthis appendix. In tbe present study, tllemajor interest is in the shape of thesespectra, rather than in th_ actual levels obtained. Accordingly, all sound exposurelevel spectra are presented as levels relative to the correspol_dlngA-welghtedsingle event level. Tables HI through M24 llst these normalized spectra, organizedas follows:

Automobiles :

Speed condition Microphone position7.5 m 15 m 30 m 60 m

56 km/hr Table HI Table H2 Table 113 Table H4

88 km/br Table M5 Table H6 Table I}7 Table H8

"stop and go" Table H9 Table HI0 Table HI1 Table HI2

i Trucks (and a bus):

Speed condition I" Mlerophone position

7.5 m 15 m 30 m 60 m

56 km/hr Table HI3 Table HI4 Table Ill5 Table HI6

88 km/hr Table M17 Table MlS Table 1119 Table HSO

"stop and go" Table M21 Table H22 Table }{23 Table H24

In _nch of Tables H1 through Ml2_ the normalized I/3-octave band sound exposure levelsare listed versus frequency from 50 to lO,S00 Hz for the ten automobiles (see Table ISon page 37) which were used. In addition, the arithmetic mean lev_l and the standarddeviation of tho levels (for the ton automobiles) are listed for each i/3-octave band.These mean levels, and the plus or minus one standard deviation limits, are plotted inFigures M] through RI2. In encb of Tables g13 through H24, similar normalized levelsare given for the four trucks (see Table 16 on P. 38), the bus, and the souped-uppickup truck, The means and standard deviations are given, for this rather inhomoge-neous set of vehlcles_ in the tables and corresponding figures,

H-I

O00

0D_O

OO

OO

OU

OO

_a_D

NaD

_ml

:oO

OD

OO

OO

OO

mO

DO

eOO

Om

OO

U=*

c_w

o_p_

-op_

g-_g

_p_e

D_w

_aD

_

_/__

OE

TR

VE

_N_L

EV

_L.D

_U

MM

NN

m'_

IIIIII

&IIJ

IIIII

e=_=

I;l

lllll

II

....'.

......

......

..'...

.

i__

4IIi

ll[lll

t.

_lN

_-_.

._lll

tllfl

llOlll

Illl_

lllll_

llllll

lllllt

l_

_ N_

L_

......

..._.

......

..._

....

O00

_OD

O_O

OO

_O_m

O_W

D_O

gf

_II

III1

511

_N,

]

_II

IIS

I;]

gg

_

i

o°.*

..•

..o.

°..

_u

Oil

_o

ot

.(

:_•

_1

....

#.._

......

......

='"

e_e_

•o

._._

._,

._...

._

......

..:

_

nalu

isu

Ii

tTabXi ]14, Sound oxpoluro _aveJ apoccra+ ralaCtve to ¢ile A-wnlBhted Nound uxp_auru tovnJ+ For

pae|by_ ot a_¢omoblleo at _5 m_h, Theeu da_a corr.#pond ¢0 Ch¢ _0 m ml©roph_ne,

F_GO 1 Z 3 4 B 6 T a g |0 _AN IZG60 ?44 _.3 ?+0 l,l 6e9 4.S 967 6.a GJ6 4eZ 7.4 h?

i O_ ll& L|.4 13.4 I|+4 10*4 9*0 ||i? |Oil _016 _3 |Oi? 1*3QO ?*J I*fl 16o8 llo_ lOi9 ITs6 |_ll 1016 |_ 14e| |ii_ _0

100 a,T 7a_ 4.a no7 7as 4o0 T.3 ?e4 3.n _*= _3 le?' _ _IO 30_ OI_ I_I 4qD 4_I 31I, OI_ II4 310 Oil 4i_ |43

' _ &GO ie4 3_,_ |l_ li_ _,8 348 _I4 Je4 iI6 _I6 310 |iX

1SO _4el .3i_ --&*5 _3e7 --_e3 --312 --4*_ -613 --3a2 --4._ .4iS SS__III --OlO -II_ --GeS --7i7 --Oe_ --gel .6eft -_e5 .Oe4 wOI6 -442 (*64QO --lie5 --|Ii_ --14el -13t_ -12eA --II14 -1216 -13i? -&563 -|411S --|346 14_OOi --i_i| --_4I_ --&Ia4 wlOII .||45 --14e9 --1212 -i_li6 --lSe_ -13iG --1219 IISG_O --iOe4 --_l_ --IOe_ _10e? -1016 --|2_ -iOeg -10i4 --14.2 -iliI -lies 1*2

' IG I .0*4 fill A -|OiO -fOil -1166 --i|_O -|Ii2 -_Oi_ -|211? -lle4 -|liO |12i_IG -i+.O .lOs? -ileO -IOi7 -Ill9 -12e3 _IIi9 -Ii_ -I_I9 -1114 -|_i2 |4_

_IOO -J_i_ -|OiI -i_iO -J_II -ill| -|3i4 -|2116 -11IO . -i3IO -1244 -|_e_ iO1408 _14.4 --|_40 --_400 --S]e_ _I4e3 *|Se? -lIe9 -&4iO: --S413 -S461 --1414 I?_00 *l?lI --ISI_ --I_i_ --I_I_ w1614 --1_9 -|749 --lII6 --|113 --1_4i6 -_711 II1_OO --,_el --lie? --_Oi5 --l_ll_ .i,lI --,leo --1960 --|?02 --ZOllS -|qlIJI --_iI4 164

4000 --JJ[l:i _ii*_ -gIiS -Jge3 --_043 --_2iA .2080" -ill9 -_3I? -_lO -_Jo6 |I40088 --_lO --_TiO _131_ -_Oig -12iG -1504 -24i9 -_4_2 --_6I_ -_4i7 -_4IG 106

I

: II1

12 N-I

_3 125 2_0 500 IO00 _0_ 400[i 81]Otl

FffE_U_NC_, _IZ

pilllte I1+* Sound #xpoiuro |_i+i IpOlcful fallllio Co lilo A-wal+ilC+d Maund elpolur#|_vel, _C Cho _0 m micropl_u £or 3_ m_h paalbyl af au_mobLle_,Th_ _lid cir¢lel corr_Mpond Co ih_ "m¢_" c_lum n In T_blo II_. Tho

errur burI Ln4Lcac_ plu# _d m_nu_ un_ a_4ndar_ _evJutLo_ about _hu_ritl_m_clc mua_,

71 iv5

if=................................... ........

Table I[§, SounLIexpoutlru I_vel _peeLr_l, rnlllt[vo to Khe _-_etKh_o_Ino)Jndnxpo_llr_ ZevaZ I fprpztHbyl _f aulo=ohlle_ a_ 55 _ph, Tl_em_d_t_ earre_po_d LO _l,a ?.5 • miclal_lloR.,

I FREOt | 2 _ 4 • 6 T _ • iO P_AN 5ZG_1 _12_2 _l_o2 _16o_ _ _*1_ _o_ _ _ _ _*? _|_ _°O

_i__ _ _ _ _°8 _ _|_ _ _ _? _ _|_ _ _ _ _

I0

Ir T =

133 17_ 'DIJ I,II_l I_l[le 7'i'la '4_[ll} Ilia,,:(?{LOI}[NE Y, It_

Flgur_ 115. Soul_d _xpOeilre level speett¢la relative _¢_ tile A-welglliu_ t_OUlltlexpout_relu_l. _ _l_o ?.5 ra _l_ral_kOl_e far 55 _ph pa,eby_ of ;tLl_m_l_t]_.The _olld elrela_ c_lrre_pon_ _o Chu *'_t_an*' _ol_ll I_ T_blt_ 115. TSu_rr_r I_a_e Jn_ieaLe plu_ and _ln_ _Jno ,_ntl_rd duvl_Llon _ll:t_ut file

i1-6

D_

a

IIl|ll

olll

_m "°

......

..,,

,,.°

[[_

,iij

|lljj

|i

i

oo_

bUN

m_.

__O

OO

OaO

Oam

OD

UO

O_m

DO

_a_m

D

b_D

_0tlW

,665

_0*_

0e_I

_P

_o

.....

C*

i_*

%=

•_

kI

-....

00.0

.0..0

.0.0

.......

_

__

_.._.e._

....

_...

....

_....

o_.

,L.,-

_,_

__,

___J

.,_:

,-_.

_r._

.___

.__,

_'-_

,_-'_

:_-

OO

OO

_O_O

_O_D

Oeb

OD

e=U

_°O

oo

°oo

oo

oO

0oo

oo

DO

mo

O_o

eo

D_

_c

"_

°eee

eee°

e*ee

eeee

e_'_

'_u

IIl_l

llllll

llllll

llllll

l_

_g

IIIIII

IIIIl|

(II

e

lll;l

llllll

i;llll

llllll

l_

QODOOmOOO_DOU_Oe_O_em

D

J

!/3-BCTRVE

BRNO

LEVEL•DB

•"_•

•__

•"••""••.••.••"--_

_.

,........

g

gg

,,,,

:[

•,*

,.oo.

-_o°

.....

o...

..._

_z

e_

._

,,

,g=

illfil

l

o4°Q

.._._

.b_°

°O.°

_o.e

__

__

.1

,,

_•

e4tJ

tttt

tt)u

_#_e

asea

tt,)

_

o*_

oo_

_,m

:._

o_

oo_

D.

oo

om

yom

om

moo

o_oo

oo_o

o_oo

pooo

meo

uo*

*I

ii

ii

zi

ii

iI

I

[--

,

_°°

......

......

....

i-

......

..._

_....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

OD

OO

_I_I

OID

IWO

_U_D

m_D

UO

Illl_

Olll

|O_l

OJ

_-*

...._;I

1........................

_¢-

=-_L

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

==

===

===

==

_,_

_'.''

'_'°

o0-

.-...

----

0--.

g_

IIIIg

llllll

i

Illo

olle

llllll

eo=

lll_e

el_

== G

I/3-1

_ET

flVE

_G_D

LE

VE

L,

D5

_-

;__

__

_...

......

..

_._

_...

......

......

......

...;

o

Tablo )[14. Sound nxpo|ura Imvel _ _ctra relatlva to _ha A-WeIRh_ud aound gxpoluro [dwl,_or pa_Iby| Ot th= f_ur trucks TI,T2.T3,T4 _ tln bus B), _nd thw mouped'upplckup Cruck {P) at 35 mph* TILamedata ©ortmspond to tlla _ m m£cropl_n_,

• L. ¸ i F_E0" I 2 3 4 D P _aN 51G

_i "" _0 .4.U .4.b ..5 ._.I -_.l -a.l -_.5 2.9_l ._.o 1,6 0.o I1.1 -I0,4 .2.1 .4 _.I

, • _0 ._°4 .3.1 _.z .3°1 -8._ -io_ -3.2 2._

400 .?.9 ._._ ._.1 -11.1 -_2 -i0.2 ._.u i.s

_eu_

t1_;-

.....,,,..:

oo._,,o._.o

o,:o

oo

::

__

Z.

r

+

•.

.+

D

x,

m,m_

..=

==

_'_"

_%

°°'=

_.

_1_.

.__.

_I

ii

ii

iK

i**

,***

°*..*

4_b°

**°*

**,*

-

..°.°°°**......*****.°**

_oo

__

",*

°°*o

*°.

**.

°*•

•..*

.*°*

=i..

['o

=.

=.'_m_

*°-****°**-_-'**°°.***°*

m

•/

]/3-OE;RVE

BA_D

LEVEL,

OB

,_*oo..***°.°°°*..,*•,°.

__

..o°°

°*°°

.**°

.°

••

°_o°.,°

°°

,,

•=_

••

°**

°*°

*,

_'=

_;

,..

....

...

°°°,

_,*°

°°°,

°*.,.

,,°°•

,,=

_.

_o

°.°•

°•°•

*°_*

°°*•

°••°

°°°°

_

p_°*

''°'•

**°'

*°*'

°°'''

°*°*

__

•J

.•

......

......

......

......

......

......

.....

e

I/3.D

CT

_y_

BR

NO

LE

VE

L.

08

......

......

......

......

_

_^-

e_

III

It

I

_c

•_

i__:

_,

•

=

O00

DO

_DO

OO

OO

OW

Om

OD

Om

O0_

O_O

_

_oo_

......

...

....

_...

......

.._

....

1...°

_0.._

...._

.°°0

.

IIIII

IIIIII

IIII

g_

m

==

Ji

qn

m.

_n_

Illll

illl

II

I

°o.°

,°,.o

°°*°

_°,,*

.,,_,

_

/

"4

......................

[

+

]/3-

OC

TR

YE

BR

NO

LE

V[L

.O

B

_N_-

-.--

--_-

---

IIJ

III

!g_

i_

....

....

....

.=

e_<

°°..°

.=°=

.°.°

==o°

..

_'"

_...

......

....

+_i

_

.

,...

....

_....

......

......

......

......

.....

__...

......

......

......

......

......

..

_IIIIIIIJllllll_ll

xa_=a_a=

_o

®

I/3-OCT_VZ

Bn_D

LEVEL.

IB

___

_nm

=

iiiiiii

iii1

|1_

[

°°

}H

=

_°_

_....._.....,.............

_'=

_I

_................

'""

'"_

o_

Appendix I.

Pt_lic_on of Noise Descriptom for Duhbed Tapes

Since LEQ r_presents an "energy average" of mean-square sound pressure over

the time interval of interest, it is easy to predict the effect, on LEQ, of

dubbing slngle-event recordings into a recording of automobiles and gaps. If

the original recording is of duration T and its average sound level is LEQ, the

average sound level of the dubbed recording should be:

LEQ* " i0 l°g _oLEQ/10 + _I0(SELI - I0 log T)/IO]'i (I,l)

whore the i-th single event recording has a sound exposure level of SELi.

Under conditions described below, it also is straightforward to predict LB

for a dubbed recording. For each recording of automobiles and gaps, both L and

dL/dt were sufficiently low during the "gap" portions of the recording so that

these portions did not contribute significantly to LB. If a slngle-event re-

cording is dubbed into such a gap and if the duration of the single event (e.g.,

as defined by the "i0 dB down time") is sborter tban the duration of the gap

(e.g., the time when the sound level is at least i0 dg less tban the maximum

levels due to the automobiles), then tbere is little interaction between the

recordings (i.e,, L and dL/dt eaob may take ell significantly large values, at

any given time, due to the contribution from one recording or the other but not

both) and the rating, designated LB*, for the dubbed recording is approximated by:

LB*._ l0 log [IoLB/10 + i_ Io(SELBI - i0 log T)/IO] . el.2)

Similarly, when there is a little "interaction" between the multiple-event

recording and the single-event recordings, the root-mean-squar_ value of the

rate of change of level with respect to tlme for a dubbed recording, TDR*, is given

approximately by:

TDR*_- [TDR2 + _i T-_i"n 2]I/_ (1.3)

where TDR is as defined in Section 2.5.2 and LD i is the root-mean-square value

of dL/dt, for tbe i-th single-event, over the tlme period T i. This value of TDR

can he used, In conjunction with LEQ* from Eq. (I.I), to obtain an approximation

to the LEQP value corresponding to the dubbed recording.

i The other noise descriptors (2,1, LIe, LSO, Lgo, L99, TNI, SIG, and LNP) fora dubbed recording could, with certain assumptions, be computed from the eumula-

tlve distribution functions for the multiple-event recording and for the single-

event recordings. However, it is easier simply to compute the synthesized time

history directly and then use it _o obtain these descriptors,

I-i

In order to check the validity of Eqs. (1.1), (I,2), and 1.3),

two synthesized time histories were generated and the twelve noise

i descriptors corresponding to each of these time histories were

ealculatdd. These calculated values are compared with the predictions

i Of Eqs. (LI) through (I.3) in Tables I.i and 1.2_ The single-event recordings were dubbed in at their actually-measured levels

(they could have been adjusted relative to the multiple-event

: ' recordings). The relative riming of the recordings was such thatthe maximum A-weighted sound level for each single event oc=urred

midway between the times corresponding to the maximum levels for the

automobile passbys Just before and Just after the gap into which

the single-event passhy was dubbed, In predicting the values for

LEQ_ LB, and TDR_ the values of SEL, SELB, and LD (total)derived for the "10 dB down time" were used. The cumulative

probability A-welghted sound pressure level distributions for these

two synthesized rime histories ate plotted in Figs. l.l and 1.2.

The results shown in Tables l,l and 1.2 indicated that Eqs.

(I.I),(L2), and(I.3) may be used as aids in predicting values of

LEQ, LB, and TDR (and hence LEQP) for dubbed recordings,

I

I

l I-2

tJ

I

Table LI. Noise descriptors for the synthesized time history obtained by (computer) dubbing of the

slngle-event =eeordlng S-35-T2 into the multiple even= recording M-35B-9. The predicted

values were computed using Eqs. (I,i), (1.2), and (1.3) for LEQ, L8, and TDR, respectively.

Descriptor L1 LI0 L50 L90 L99 TNI LEQ SIG TDR L_ LEQP LB

! Predicted value ............ 62.2 -- 4,7 -- 80.7 97.5

Actual value 74.1 62,9 55.4 38.1 31.6 107,6 62.1 9.9 4.7 87.6 80.6 97,7

i

Table 1,2. Noise descriptors for the synthesized time history obtained by (computer) dubbing of the

slngle-event recording S-55-T3 twice into the multlple-event recording M-59A-88. Thepredicted values were computed using Eqs. (I.l), (1.2), and (l.3) for LEQ, LB, and TDR,

respectively.Descriptor L1 LI0 LSO LgO L99 TNI LEQ gig TDR L_ LEQP LB

' Predicted value ............ 68,5 -- 6.4 -- 88.4 108,7Actual value 82.4 68.6 52.6 41.5 34.9 120.0 68.5 ii,0 6.4 96.5 88.3 108.7

_3

?ROBRBILITYTHATLEVEL18EXCEEDED

-_

__

_o_

._

=_

_o

_&-=O-

j

t_O

0F

N_

ij 9I

90 ¸

_i_

W

8OX

W l

_ 7o

w 60

_ 50

= 4C

_3c

N 2c

_b so 6o _ 8o 9_ looR-NE[OHTED NOUNDLEVgL,D8

•Figure12. Cumulativeprobabilitydistributionof A-weightedsoundpressurelevelsfor the time historyobtained by (computer)dubbingof thesingle-eventrecording S-55-T3twiceinto the multiple-eventrecordingM-55A-BB.

I-5ii .

ND_-t14A ml:w. e,Tl_

I u.$. o_pT. OFCO,W. I 1.PGELICATICNORREPORTNO. ._M._/A_I_L_Ow_......L t_cw;J#_rll'$Acc#JsioriRIGLIOGRARHIC DATA TN lll3"l r':. "_ .a ,_- : ; _:¢ ,_: ;SHEET _%"9_i_c :=,.,_......................................................

4, TITLE AND SUBTITLE S. Publication Date

April 1980

iHighway Noise Criteria Study: Traffic Noise DaDa B_se _!_a_0_ ['_!!

7,/%UTROR(S) O, Pelfolmifls Organ. Report fie.

Daniel R. Flynn, Carl R. VoorheGs, and S/nmne L, Yaniv

9. PERFORMINGORGANtZATtONNAMEAND ADDRESS _" P.I_I¢_;t_rp_h/'_Q__ [i ilf_,:,_'

NATtONAL GUREAU OF STANDARDS 11, C0ntrPct/Orant N0.DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, DC 20234 6-3-0154

|2, _PONEORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS {sit,el, COl;,, _l_l,, Z;P,* 1], Type OfReport & PeSod Covered

Of£1ce of Research_ Environmental Design and Control _inalFederal Highway AdminlsErationO. S. Department of Transportation ' nl_c_i_._3_

|5. SUPPLEMENTARFNOTES

_] Documentdescribesa computerprosram;$F-I85.FIPSSoftwar_SummaP.'.Is attached.I '_*_, ABSTRACT (.4 ffec_wotd ot i0*_ I_©tu_t igmm.ry el o3o|t alffhfll_nt I.larm_tto., It document Ittelude_ _ iI_.tfle_nt btbl#o_taphy or

v,

This reporc documents s traffic noise daEa base thac was obtained as parc of alarge research program developed EO identify and quantify the importanE physicalparamecers which efface human response Eo Eime-varylng crafflc noise and toinvestigate various procedures for rating such noise so as to enable reliablepredlcclons of sub_ective response DO the noise. FlfDeen-mlnuce recordings of actualtraffic noise were made ac four microphone poslDlons (7.5, 15, 30, and 60 m from thecenterllne of the near lane) aD several Dimes of the day at each of seven sites, flee

representing nominally eonstanD-spead traffic and two represenclng stop-and-gointersection Drafflc. The i07 recordings thac resulced were subJecEed to _xEensive

analysis. The analysis procedures are described and tables and graphs are includedwhich doeumenc, for each recording_ Eh_ I/3-octave band specDra and numerous noisedescriptors eompuDed from che Eime-historles of Ehe A-welghced sound level. As aseparate path of _hls study, recordings also were made of Ehe noise from single-vehicle passbys and from simulated tra£fle consisting of conDrolled drlve-bys of upDo ten vehlcles. These rscordlngs also were exEenslvsly analyzed and the resuIDs ofthese analyses are given.

I 11. KEY WORDS (,Ix I. tw,l.o enrollee; _lph_betlcal ord"r; ¢aP_t_ttlaceDally she liter leftet °! the tirol key w"'" "'"" " Dr°Pet n_m#; I_#p_tatod by a_mlcplon_)

acoustics; environmental pollution; highway noise; moper vehicle noise; noise;noise control; sound; traffic noise; transporCaElon noise

1_.AVAI'LAOIL_TY _] Unlim_t6d 19.SECURITYCLASS 21,NO.OF_TR_SREPORT) PRINTEDPANES

3Bl[] For Official Distr_buDen. Do riot Release to NTIS UNCLASSIFIED

Order From Sup, of Dec,, U.S. Doverrllnent Prillt Jet Office, Washlngton_ DC 20, SECURITY CLASS 2_, Price20402 )THIS RAGE)

$8,00[] OlderFromNationalTechnlc_InformationService(NTIS),Springfiol#,

VA. 22161 UNCLASSIFIED

NBS TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS

PERIODICALS NOTE_:The principal puldJ¢;ili¢lrlmttlcl for lh¢ forc3oirlg d;=t;_is• die Jmlrnal qlr Physi¢;darid Chemical f_f_rerl¢c Data UPCP.D)

JOURNAL OF RESI_ARCII--Th¢ JilurnaJ nF research of ih¢ pilhlishcd iluarlcrl)' fi_r NIIS hy Ih¢ Anlcric_m ChcnliCal Soci¢lyNational Bur¢;mnl` Slandards rcpurlt, NItS rcs_;Lrchand dcvchtp- (ACS) and Lhe.Anlcri¢_] hrdhulc iff Physics(ALP)..'_uhscripliorls,lltClll ill those discil_liJt¢';nflhc ph)sical acid ¢ll3i11¢crin,ff**ci¢n¢¢_hi t¢[irilllS, _lfldsu pplcln¢llls ;ivaiJahl_ from ACS, I1_5 SiXl¢cfllh St.,which Ih¢ llurcau is ;relive, +l'JlCS¢include pllySics, chemistry, NW, _Vilshin31on, DC 2[10_11,

' Cfl_ifl¢C_n3q/ll;It]lCfnltliC$, ilfld _'l)ll)_tll_r _1¢/1¢C$.[I;l_Cr__[)_¢£_1h£tl;Itl rar13¢er :.ubj¢cl';, wlth tllaj_r ¢lllp]l_l_i:*(111ftl¢;l_url:lnctll Ilulldlflg Scieflce _crJrs--I)issCrllill;llCS I¢¢hnic;tJ Jtlforln;lli O/I

• mclhodolo3Y_=j1dlhch;l_,iCl¢chIiillo3yuildcrl_,in3slalld;irdi/atiiln, dcscl0pcd ill lh¢ lhit_;lU tln hltih]illg lll;llcri;t]s, ¢OllspOJl¢/11s,Also jllcJHd¢d frOlll lifTl_ i_I li111¢l_r¢_,ugv¢_ arliCjcs till IOpir_ _yslcfil_, _llld w]1111¢slmc=urcs. Ttl¢ 5cries prcscllls r_scarch rcsulls,cl_s¢ly /Cl;llctl Io lh¢ Btlrcau's I¢¢hliic;ii ;ind _¢J¢iIIi]I¢p_t)_!_;llll',, lest n1_lJlI1ds,_tlld I_¢gl'tlflllafl¢c¢_ifcfi;l _cl;lIcd Ill l]Ic slrll¢lll_;1]"_/_LIAS tl _pccilll scrvlc¢ Io sl_b_¢rihcrs¢a¢Ii issue ,2orllaill_ co11_I¢I¢ cnvirI1rllll_:lll;li ftln¢lioll_ ;ll_d ljt_ dttrabilfly and safety _l;irzlc-¢ilallnns to all recent llurcau puhli¢_=tiiln_in holh NI_ and ram- tcri_lics of httild/rl_l ¢lcfncnlsand _y_lCiil_,

NBS nlcdi;t. Issued si_ li_l=¢Su _,car.Annual suhscripllon: domcsli¢ "rechalcal Noles--Studi,:s _r rcporls v.Ii/¢h arc ¢olnpl¢l_ i¢1Ihcnl,SJ7: r¢lr¢i_n $ZI,25, _ingl¢ copy, $3 lhml¢_ti¢; $_,75 _or¢i_n. _¢]_ hrt _,:sldclivc ill their Ireallllcfll o_a suhj_ct,Analo3ous foNOTE'. Th¢ JiHlrnal _i:_ fnrnlcrly pllhli_]lcd ill I_11sc¢li,ln_; S¢¢- nloriil3raphs hl_l llOl so ¢OlflprCllcn_[v¢in scope or definitive inllon A "Phy_;ics and Ch_i111Sl_y*'alld S_cli_ l_ *'M;llhcmllliC_d lrCahllCnlof lh_ subject area. Oflcrl _¢rv¢ as a _¢liicI¢ fi_r firedSCiL,nC¢:,." rcporls nf t_rk p_r ft_rlned at NItS under the sp_msorsh/p ill otherI)IMENSIONS/NIIS--Thi_ monlhly m_3;tzin¢ is published to in- gn_cr_inlCnla3¢ncics.l`otm s_]_nlJ_l_,¢rlgi/1¢¢t%htlAifl¢_:i_11_IJfldllslry [¢;Idct_,leil_hcr_,sludcnts, and consumers of Ih¢ lalc_l lld_LIn_c_ [11 SCJcfI¢__lll_ VI]_LqlIOr_*]_fO_ll¢l _[unllllf_*_--I)c_g]O_ ¢lt IIIK[cr [Ir_IC¢(]UF¢_'l¢chnohlgy, wilh prifnar)' Clnl_hasi__in wnrk at NBS, _h¢ ina3azin¢ puhJi_/icdby lhc Dc/lartrncul of Cofnnlcr¢¢ in Part I{), Till¢ 15.ofhighl_gh4s:llld ic_i¢l_s sllch i_si$¢__iscn_rg) r¢_¢;Ir¢ll,fire prol¢¢. III¢ C(IdC O[ _:¢t]¢r_ll R¢_LII_IIi_HI_,"]'hc AI;lfl_ilrll_ ¢_l;l_lislltioll, huildJri3t¢chnllhlg)', rn¢ffi¢¢orl_¢tsilffl,polhltion Zll);lt=lllc_11, nadomdJyr¢¢llgrli,'cd rcquir¢:nlcmsI'¢lr prlllhlcts. ;llld plo_ill¢ illrh_;lllh ilrld s;Ifcl)', ;trial ¢oflsulncr prodU¢l /lcr(ot_13;ln¢¢,In _lddi* co;It'¢rll_d illlcrcsls i_il)l _JI);Isi_ _'or¢oll3nlnn iJlldCrslalldin3 or i)1¢lion, il rcporls Ihc rc:,ult_ iff Ihlr¢_lu priigranl_ irl rllCilMirl:iil¢lll char;=¢lcri_Li,:_o1'tJlcprodLV:lS,NB_;;LdlnlflislcrsIhi_ progr_ll=las;i

: _l:lrldilrds and icchrliilucs, propcrdc_* eft"nl;itl,:r ;Hld iit;llcri;ll_, Ml[_pl¢lllcrlt to Ih¢ ;l_lil'l_iCsor ih¢ ]llIV;LLC _¢¢ltlr _larldard_,'irlL_cnsin¢crlng sl_.ldards and services, inslrllnlcr11_liun, und °rl1_*llil;_liIIrl_'atllnnl_llic dal;l procc_sil_g, /_llrllt;ll slthscription: donlCSl[¢ $]I; Cl)fl_unl_,r [llflffl]htllilrl _¢rles_pl-_lcti¢;lI ill]'orllt_llitlil, [I;IS_d Oft]'oreign $13.75. , N[IS rc_c;trchand ,:_pcricr_c¢,¢¢_c_irl3;¢rca_nl'intcrc_l to Lh¢cIHI-

NONPERIODICALS _.u._r, I[a_ily under_landahl¢ language and il_u_lrali¢lrlsprovideu_¢ful h;td,3rm_d krlo_Icd3¢ for _ll_ppin_ iJl Inda'/s tc_h-

P,|o,'logrlllJhs--M_ljnr conlribuliilns to lh*: icchlli¢;d lil¢_;_lll_c orl n_lhlg_c;dnt;irk¢lpl;t¢¢,v;iri_us _;uhj¢cl:_related In Ill=:JhJr¢;m'__clClllifi¢aid Icchni_af ;if:- Orlh'r I/le aho_¢ _-'31,9/mhhcatiw_l]?om" A'up_,dlltendvnt.I D_vu.livillcs, menlo. G._rrmm',l Pr_ _; O/J ", ll'.dUnghm, II(' 2_HII_.

Ilandhlloks--R¢c_nlmcrldcd ¢od¢_ nf cnginccrill 3 arid ind_slrlal Onh'r Ihr following A'tlA'i.ddicali.n_--FIPA'wrl A'll$'lR's--I_.mpra¢llc¢ (incl.dinl4 s;ll_ly c_]dcs}d¢l eloped ill ¢_lopcr.tlon IGIh in- Ila, ,V.li.nul 7_'Hmil'alh_/i_r#l_lli.n ,_'er_.'e_. ,_'l_ring/iehl, I',/2._131.lcrcslcd induslrics, priff¢_,sinJlal nrg;llli/_llion% ;llld [¢_ll;llor)bodics. F'¢dcral hffornlal[on P_ut'¢_slrlg Sl_ndards Publlcallo¢ls IFIPSSpecial Publicalhms--ln¢ludc pro¢¢cdiJiI1s of ¢onli:rcnccs spon- PIJII)--I'lddicalh_ns in Illi_ scrlc_ eoli¢¢_¢ consliIUl¢ Ihcsorcd h_/NIIS, N/JS ;mnual rcporls,aJ*dother spc¢ial pubJi¢;tlions f"_dCr;llIll f_rrn;ilii_n Prc_¢¢_sii111SlaJldards l{¢gislcr, "I'h_li:¢_i_crappr_pri_t¢ LII IIIJ_grm_pingsucha__ llJl_:harl_,, pnck¢l _:;ffds,_ind '*¢r_¢*. ;1_Ih¢_ll'/_¢iaI mmr_c_ff illfl_nli;ili_ln itt Ihc FederalG_¢rll-hihliograph[¢s, mc+ll rcgardillg _l_Jnd;irds i_sucd l_) NIIS pursuanl hi the I:¢dcral

App/icd Malllcmal[¢s _;¢ri_s--M;llhcnl;_liCal lahk's, nl;mu_lh, _tJ:d Pr_pcrl) ;rod AdrnlJli_lralilc Sere/cos Acl of 1_49 ;is ;un¢lldcd,_tudi_s ill" _*p¢¢ia_inlcrc_l IO pIo_i¢i',t_ ¢llshl¢¢rs, chcmi_l_, Puhllc I,_m _o_(}h (7_) SI.I. 1127), ;irld u'. hllpb:nlcnl=:dh_ )!_-Dio1¢)_[sl_,[11;II[1_Jl1_ll_¢i_Jll_,¢(l:npul¢r 13To_w_iillll1¢r%_¢ll{t()II1¢rs ccu(i_c Order 11717 (.13FR 12.1[_,d;_IcdMu) II, D_7.1);IIHJPilrl [i¢ll3ugcd ill _:i_nt[f]c and I¢Chni_afi_r,_, of TiL)C I_ CI_R IC'odc *ff Fcdcra) Rcgu)atlml_)

_alhm,_l ._landard r_fcrenc¢ l)af_ _erk's--Pr_will_ quanlitaliv¢ _IIS hller_g_,ncyR,._porl_*(_IISII{)--A H_¢ial _crics_d'intcritn o_duta on Ih_ physical and ch¢l;li¢;d _rollcrli¢_ or nl;llcrJals. ¢o111- [_n;d rcporls on i_n_k p_rlilr_llcd Ily NJlS hit iiiiIsid¢ _illllls_lrspiled t'ri1ffl lh¢ _Irld's Jilcralu_c ;llld _:rili¢;lll) ¢l;du;11¢d, (bnlh 3_l_cr:llllcnl iltld JlliJi.31_¢r11[11¢111),Ill 3¢lll:J';IJ* irl]liilJ di_.-[)¢'*chlpcd £Jndcr;__ot[dwid¢ pro3r;iill ¢oordb+ut_dily NIIS ul]dcr Itihuliml is hamlicd h) Iii¢ H_on_+r;puhli¢ dislribulinn is h) dl¢IIi_ aulhoril), _lr III_: NulJon;d Sl;mdard l)ala A¢I (P.hli¢ l.a_ National l'cchn/¢al Jnforln.ciorl Scrvi¢¢_.Springfield, VA 22161.00-.1_6), in paper cop) or microfiche fornl.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES

"r3e follo_Jiig curr¢lll,_'_arcrws_ arldlileralur¢-sur_¢)Mblfi_grupJlles SUlWr¢lmdu¢ling I)e_/c¢,. and Malerlal',, A lilcraturc sur_c_, i_su_date hsucd i,¢_h_dJcall¥b)' IJte llurcau: qu;_rlcfl). Annual subscription: $3[), Plca_¢s_ilil mJb_cripli[_nor-(!t_Og¢lll¢ ])_ill ('¢nler C'urr¢lll A_arcm's,,_i_l_Ic¢.A litcralur¢ _ur- dcr_ ;Jndr¢lllillan¢¢s for Chcpt¢¢¢dii1ghibliilg r;_phicscrli¢¢s i_i 111¢_¢_ i**_Llcdhi_:ckly, A_mual mthscriplio_ud_=rn_,,fi¢_2_; fi_r=:ign N;_li_ulal Ihircau _1" Sl_md;trd_,Cr_o3cni¢ D;ila C'c_tlcr (?_hF$_(1. Ihmklcr, CO _(L_O.1,

I.Iqu¢ficd _lllurul Ga_. A lilcr_lur¢ m_rv¢)_u_d quarterly. Arulualsub_criplloll: $21),

I

U.S, DEPARTMENT OF CDMMEIIDE _ /

National Bureau of Standardswilhlngton, QC. 2D_34

POSTAGEANO F_ES PAIDOFF)C_ALOUS _ESS U G* DEKJARTME_/;OF COMMENCE

l, .... .o

PenllLy f_r Priwla Usm.$300

SPECIAL FOURTH- CI..ASS RATE IBOOK

I

J