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X lonu jo uouuuA coA(oI�.) = E(O) cxb[CoA(1u(O)Iu(L)) - ii = E(O) E(rc.)

qcacLpcq ill pc cx pojqnit rn oiu Gdn G2 p&U qowrc dn!rG I > O fIJC OJJOHU iubflcqou2qowc2ic dnA HOAGL JOuR 9 poLLOMrn COU2LUC COn1J1L!C J2o piq T IJJOLC CO2fJA o

porqq C UOJCq iJJ OLLO/AUJ COU2LHJI2 IATfl 9JO WCLC2C }JC COAL!UCG O iD 'p

oL bnLbo2 j q€iju ru rnqTcoL AsLTpjC

nMboLucC O flJG2C LC2fLTCIJOU2

piiccu cou2nwbJou uq onibn OL LC21LJCCq cOntuuG2 ponjq pc bo2TjrAG 2flC2 G2 OL C

GUJWOJJTJ UJLJC LG2fLTCfTOU2 UJA UO WGL JJJC LCjOIJ2JJ!b jorwq cpoic pt ipc cOA4CG

wA 2flffIC pJO OWGL UOU-LC2LJcCq OLCJIJ 22G2 OL 2Gft-UJ2flLC M1p qow;2fTc 2G12 O

ni bLc2cuI C2C XC2 OU O}JGL uirA uo pc wboqru ju CflLLGU COIUGX !uAGoL2

J 1JAG2fOL2 jJAC fCC22 O nULC2LTCCq 2CI2 pCu L21LTCOLJ 2flCJJ 2 PU2CTOIJ2 CO22 OL

(.3• V

JO TUCLCC2J JJJCLCOLC flJCLGC2 /ATJJ JJC LC2L1CIOW

IpG to.cu Lcnw onuq ni (j) ruJbJTc2 Coi'( ÷' pi i�) = co(1nC.r X\jJ pi gC+I)niq pi JJT2 CC UJCLC2C 111 JJC COALIUCC pCIMCCU 1}JG 1uCLcuJbOL&J IU1LTU1T IiIIUA uq

Gdf1111C2 UCLC2C LCIL!AQ 10 COuJbJCQ UJLJCCI2 J22flUJJ1J couqourJ 10iu JO UOLUJ1JTA Gi#CGU

J C1U flJGLGJOLC C Mp pbbcu2 O \ pC COCIjCTCIJ1 OU x 2 LC24COU2 OU OLC!JJ

iu(B ')\A(J(Bo I JJG LCLC2 C2 = CoA(VW(J x)-(x) -coA(v1u(J]Y

CcouowA 1:pC tOLG!U LCflW qCbCIJq2 rn/CL2CJA ou pi O€i iOLq pJ €qA -

LCLC22!OU X 12 JJG JOLqJW o qic qCeqqou o qow2 c onfbnj pow pc o4qo oj iio4q onbn2 Lii o qowC2Tc ornbni 2TUCG pc conuriA-2bCcrjc ALTpJG 1J flJG

lii CdnTou (J ni rp qA 2s qJC OLCU LCffTLU bA2 oru pc 2fl111

JJJC !1JCLC2G pJ 11J12 COA1LIJCC LCjWAC o cowbjc; WSLICG2 CU pG LGJCq O 1J1C LCLC22TOU

JJ2O pc JJJJCL JJU nuqcL UO LC2I1TCTOJJ

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J IJJSUJ( yIJqA ffO2G tOL TA11J WC W021 0j 1JJ2 qS1 2G1

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dnsuIiX OL ISX LG2ILICIJOU? ou sCdrn2TIrOU2 01. pOJqu2 0 OLGU 522c12 V2 2f1CjJ IJJG2G LG2ILtCITOU2

LLSU2SCIIOU2N OAGL IIJG bcqoq QQ 10 J5 JJM2 2G14G2 pJCOLbOLSIG2 llCOflUIL!G2 11351 nhxbo2c

JJJG IJLB1 COJfIUJU LGbOLI2 UJtOLUJSITOU SPOITI IPC WGS2OLG IIG2ILTC1T0U2 OU

bLoArqcq nu IJJG qsIs SbbGlJqDr

jspjc bLoATqcz 2nwuJsLA nJoLuJSI!ou SPOJII cscp o IIJC2G WCS2IILG2 suq fl1413GL Gf9f2 SLG

IJJIXJ WGS2IILC cOLLG2bOIJq2 10 COnUILTG2 IJJSI SLG EICCJA 10 tSCG 0LLOMnJ C0U21L911J12 jsucj q

LG2ILTCITOU 0L GSC13 C0flIJIL? JJAO O 113G2G UJGS2flLG2 SLG LG51€ 10 csbiisr W5LJ(I UJOAGWGU12

1ThG2 0 LG2ILTCITOU2 W10 LO5 CSIGOLIG2 IJJI flUtOLIIIUSICJA qo U01 5110/A s bLccr2G GJ)1JUTOU 0 IJJ€

'U3t\ XOt 0T VCI% 2T.UCT,(0(2 cJc C\TcU%c USV BIG SIJUI1SJ LGbOLI 211UJUJSLTG2

IJJG bLG2GUCG O LG2IL!C1T0U2 JJJG2G q55 /AGLG cowbjjcq tLOUJ IJJG JUIGLUSI!OUSI AL0UGfSLX flUq12

GXbJSIJ IJJG JO/A GLGG O 42JC 2psLw E1. 1132 bntho2G J uccq UJGS2IILG2 0 UJqTCSIOL A5LSJG2 J0L

[ U0M LG-GXSUJIUG IJJG bLcAron2 LG2flJI2 10 2GG M13GIPGL LG2I4CI01J2 10 C5b1151 UJS4(G12 pGJb

LG21I4C1101J2 1JJU MG 2130(11(4 puq 11351 0 I Mifi 1G21 113G2G LG2ILICIIOU2 pGJOM

JJJG q (12210(1 50AC TUJbJIG2 IPG pThofpc2I2 IPSI VV0 1[ = 0 20 11151 5 COrTJJILA 13S2 (JO

MJJGLG 12 IJJG COGWCICUI 0(1 IJULG2ILTCIGq C011U14G2 suq k !2 IJJG COGWCGIJI 01.1 LG2ILTCIGq COfIUILTG2

= + 'DO.1) x + ( - Dth)) y4 + nc (so)

LPGU IPG LGjSITOU2pTb £13G LGLG22r0U I (J) CSU G /AL1IGU:

H4JGLG JOMGL ponuq 0 C022 0(1 0LC!.U CdflTA uq !2 cdiisj 10 GLO tOL IIIJLC2ILTCIGq COfTUIL!G2

= 0 /A13GU Z = 0L COflUILAI I IPSJG I

J /AJJGU V > 0L COIIUIL?I 1 ITUJG I (jo)

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piq WG2flLC o cbitj UJL1(Ct L2tL1cti0U2 U jTUCJ r 2 9 2GL!2 0 COflUtI4C2 tS1 LG

ETnL 2p0h2 fpJt tJJG bLoboLtrou 0 LG2LTCq C0nIJtLT2 pA t2 bLoxA JJ2 CLG2G OACL UJG•

iuq bcLpb2 UJOLG 2CACLG LC2t4COU2 JTU qoc 0tCL CbItJ UJ1LJ(C1 LC2ILJCtTOU2 UJG2rILC

O1 LG2bCtiAGJX 0 43 JOL V2P CJLJ? flJI2 WG12flL CBtnLG2 2IJJ1JJGL 2fl2Gt O GOnUtLT2

JT2 bLoboLqou L9IJC2 LOW o uq o to occzJ1 (Mc/i cjiuq nq vn2tLsflr) ruq tpc QLorIb

jC ccouq copiu.Ju o uj y LcboLt2 tC bLoboLtjou 0 fJJG2G COJ1IULTG2 CLO22 tJJG M01Jq

C(TLLCIJCA bAiucut2 urA JpCG P!PCL C02t2 PJ tLU2SCtIIJ 111 iioqq C1bJtSJ UUJLJGt2 12 MCJf

COI1UtLTG2 MJJO Tuq t uccC22LA 0 CUtGL I1Jf 0 tJJT2 o LLIJGWGUf LtJJCL fpu f121U 1J1GLUTtT0U1I

brAwcut2 0L oOq2 CfU JDC UJqG MIIJJ OtIJCL ooq2 111 JTfl O CITLLGIJCA bAuJcuf2 ffC2iqGUt2 tu

crq B!TiGLI bAUJUt2 LUCUJCUt2 /IJJJJ CJ49W COfIUtLpi2 flUGL tJC2G LLUWC1Jt2

1LC uo pcqA ttsqcpjc iu mt€LuTousJ UJLGt2 uq WGLGJ0LG nJq it to qctjob 20-

niicuqcq to cbtnLc q1jcnjtrC2 Mrtp bAwcut2 Luwut2 2OWG conutuc 91 craLucTG2 pf

JG22 UGLJ JCLGOLG tG couq W2flL 0 LC2ILTqJO1J2 J COU2TqGL 12 JC22 qrct W2flLC

CG 20 WImp 0 oLjq ICC2 LC2tLTCtIOU2 0j 1JJ12 2OLt i 12 fl2GtfIJ to CXW1UG LC2tLTCtTOU2

2OWG cxuibJc2 0 C011UtL12 CSt0L1Sq 2 LC2tLICtCq pA t1112 WG2rTLG 1LC br.oArq€q iu tpc bbuqpc

OU bLopj;w M!tJJ tp2 WC32flLC 12 tJJt it tLt2 LC2tLICtTOU2 0 qCLUt qctc2 GdrnlffX

bLoboLtJou 0j LG2t4Ct COflUtLjC2 iLJCq OAL 111JC

cb!t2J LG2ILTCt!0U2 0 2OUJQ oLw pc pccu bLA9Jcut OACL buoq E!r1LC 2OM2 JJOM tUG

L1UG2 tLOW 0U tuG JOM 2IqG 0L JJG (3LOJIb O 2GAGU tO OU pG jJ 2qc 0L LTCT

WCWGL2 0 TJGLGUt COflUILA onb2 pq LC2tLTCtTOU ou cb!t tUIU2JCt!OU2 jp bLoboLtiou

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cowbjc UJSLJCG2 JOL JA2OL2 MJJO cu pojq qouJTc uq oLcu cdnqc2 p1 U1GJJG2 uq UOU-

€drnou (T Bx1 iiwuu uq jw (j) XUJUJC pr boLoJro JJOCfTOU qccTTou 1TUGL

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pu flow4u JOL uou-buprpi CMCGU Lqpj uq uou-LrqGpJc2 pc p1qIqflJ

cxbjrn bcijcou2JqcL MGfGL pc jjocrou o fL1JG2 cou2rnJJbiou jJO1AJ OL uou-2bLpqurc2 crn

T10M JJGW O L2JC-2JJ&LG JJU flJC j2 TpoA IJJffA couorniq pOJJ T22flG EOL JJJ2 L2OU I MTJJ UOM

cbLpquTca nubotu uq q 2OW COIIIJIUG2 jruq ii co2fA io poq tOLCTIJ 2G2 JJJ MOflJq

2Juqicru bLoboLfiou o pc cLo-conuiA COAJLIjIOU p1 cou2nwbJou LO/14 LG jipc uou-

UI nipA PGtMGGIJ uou-qnupIG LfGSjC2 flJq OqJGL cowbouGuj2 o counwbirou cxbjrncq

cou2nwblTou nJcJnqc2 uou- qccpj p ccou j) j onuq uou-2cbruJprjwc2

ou bopj XbjIUflTOIJ OL 1}JQ LC1CCITOU O LJ( 2JJLp1 SWOU nULG21LC1Gq conuLc

(3 cx%

ruqCbCIJqCufj? cxbji qJc JCJC O 42Jc-2p1ILrn

C00U1L1C2 MTqJ LC!AGI?t nULG4LTCGq COIIUIITG2 T &J20 L1CCCq JGLCOLG 1JJGG LC2LTCIOU2 qo uo

IJJLJCG1 LG2LJCl!OU2 OU OLIJ cdnA poJqp12 tionjq jwbjA HOMCAL 142 (-2pqu 22 IJJOU

MOLJ IJJU qo flULC2ILTCICq COflUjUC2 JJJ12 LJTOu2pTb bcrj? IAJJJ1 2ruJbJc uoqcj o cb1irj

cbrsj UUfLJC LC2LTCTO1J2 COAJLA WOLG 2LOUJA MIJJ qowQc ornbrr AL!ou2 LJTA o rp

p 2rrwurnr.) JJG bLoAJq €iqcucc C0u2nwb140u LOM1JJ LC2 pi COITIUL!C2 CpJtOL COflIflUC2 !AT LCJSIACJA JOM LG2UCTOU2

COflULTC2 LQ 2UTTCUiJX q1IJCLU 1JJU LO jpcLcOW LC2LTC1TOU2 accw o p piJboLinU ciu

UJSLThJJ 2U!TJC11JCG JAJ2 jG22 jrnu u pc OflJCL puq CO CJGIU ou pc flULG2LjC

o LG2L!C14OU2 IJJ G2 UJC2 2f jP uq ipc cou2up1 = 2 21LouJX L1j ccq

Jf1JGj B LCbOLI2 LC2flJ2 o boacq poc J1JGLc2q1JA f!2p1 ffjJ JJLG WG2flLG2

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2GbLpTpuc2 tIp LG2bGcl 10 UOU-1UfqGpJG2 2 111 IJJG ccouq LOM 2T1J1UCU1JX JGL2 IJJC LG211J12

UO1 qcbcuq ribou MpcqfcL IJJG C0flU1t) }J2 !J 01. OJ LG2ILICIIOU2 HOMGAGL oiTu OL uou-

w 1LGPJG2 cou2nwblTolJ 21 lTjcluqX LGJ1G o 1LPJG2 onlbnl uq 1p12 LG2flJI qoG2

WGT2flLG JJJG UL21 1.0th 2M2 IjJG nuiru brurpfflA C0UtU1 MTp 1G cATqcucc

jucj y o JpJG 4 pscq nbou jpc 1jçG2LTC1TOU2 ou Cb!1J JjiIIJ2C1OU214

2GL!G2 PGJ2 1GL 1p 2G4G2 P!2 WG2LG O LG2ILICITOU2 cOrTJq uo G 2lnqTGq

suq fG UJ4CG1 LG2ILJCIIOU2 2GLTG2 qG2CLIpGq iii JU9 y JCG pG !1JIGLG2I LLGTL2

JPI 4 LCbo142 JJG LG2flJ2 0 IJJG LGLG2210U 1G212 w (ST) fl211J IJJG 2LG1Gq qff L0W

xr n.tccW1GLbLG1f10U2 UT IGUIJ2 0 LG2UC 0U2 2 iii 111€ LGf IC COU2flUJbIIOLJ C2G

2HJCG 12 IJJfljlTbjG LCLG22T0U cOCJpC!Gu1 w (siY !1 21U suq wurnqc qo 1101 JJAG IJTIrTLJ

tAG 2JJ00J puq 1IJ1 k O MJJIjG JI. 1.c2ILTCIGq COIIUILTG2 LG U0f JAG 1JJA ruq 1PJI P c 0 J401C 1JJf1

JAG ponjq pnq \ \ iuq c p fTULG2IUCIG COflIJjLIG2 SLC Lr2Jc-2pLrn UT jqpjc GU

onb2 20 ipI L = Uq = 011 IJJG 0JGL puq r UJLJ(G1 LG21L1C1101J2 1LG 1UJb0Lu1 1}JGU

= JUL]CGI LG2ILTCIIOIJ2 LG fW1UJb0LpJIJ1 IJJGU MG 2JJ0flf ruq 110 GLGUCG GIMCGIJ IJJG IMO

JAJJGLG (Y s) (w? D) uq oi 2GbLpJc flLjG2 jc = J JAJJJG 0L 1J0IJ-2GbrL1pJG flLjG2 j+ + (J-D))x + r (J)

= %L0(1) DO.1) + 0(1) (j - + DO:I) Z!_l Lvu() + (j - DQf)) ''V 1C21 O 1}J2 LGJ1101J2p1b LGJr1rAG IO IJJG q21(-2Jrnuu LGLG2210U2 P (Jo) 12 bLo/qqcq pA:

1LCPJG2 COIJ2IIUJbI1OU 2pOnjq pc (T1JC0LLCJIG /141P ILGPJC2 OflIbfTI t0 IJJG2G COI1UIL!G2

Lc21iC1Gq COflUIL1G2 LflL1PGLW0LC TCOflUI1TG2 JAIIJJ jOM LG2IL!C110U2 LG 2fTUJC!CIJIJA qAGL2qTcq) IJJCU

COGmCTGUI2 U IJJG LGLG221OU2 0 IIUL;2ILICICq C01IIJIL!C2 aponjq qqc 2!U!CTU1JA L0W IJJO2G O

COLL11T1G !141}J UGJJJG2 0fl1bfl1 2 jpnuq 111 JTJJjG 5 II LG2ILICIIOU2 LG !UJbOLIU1 IPGU fiG

1LSGPJG2 L12JC UJA 1101 JJG qTAGL2TIJCq MX !U1GLU110UJJA 20 1PI 1LSGPjG2 COIJ2OIJJbITOU wA pc

U q0WG2iC LG2qC1JI2 LG LG2ILCI;q LOW pojqni j0LGU 1UTGPJC2 Gdfl111G2 JJOJAGAGI! JGU

onuq !IJ fIG 20CJ bjuuGL2 bLopJGur

IJJ!2 1I1X fIG 1JJ11LUJJ filifilA 0 1LGjG2 Wfl21 JJG rnqGbGuqG1u oj qOwG2IrC Ofllbfll ALJS1101J 2

35

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rnq 0JGL cowboucu2 LG u.iboLu 111 cxbjuni ICLGUCC2 CLO22 LG2LTCrGq uq nUL2fL1CCq

JJJ2 LG2I1J 2flG22 1JJ 1L21 U0U-2GbLSp1jUTG2 p1 I1!WA GMGC1J uou-qnLpfG LqGpC2

LG2UCC COflU14C2 pf 2 UO LG1GCGq 0L flJG flULG2L1CGq COn1UL2

cowbouGu2 0 COU2flUJbqOLJ LG 2IIJJIJCU1JA qTUGLG1J JUGLG21TUIA L12(-2p1fLpJ 12 LG1GCIGq j0L 1G

pA 0IiJ1pJ flLJJC2 LOlA o buGJ B rncTnq pT2 ALpJG Vnf JG LGJTou2p1b wou pc

2PJCG JJC LGJ0U2}Jb G1MGGU UOU-qnLpjG uq uou-Lqcipj unrA pc GCGq

GC0JGL SJqJOnJJ UJA 2O LG2flj LOW jO/A boML qri 0 JG 2IiJff Uf1W€L 0 1J1€2C COnIJILIC2

JJJ12 LG2flJ 2flG22 flJ COfIUILIC2 MlflJ bJAwGu2 LLSUGUJGIU2 uniX bLoAqc Lr2J(-2p1ruu iwou

2cbL9-pffljc2 p1 U0ULSGJG2 IIL€ jjO/ACC4 JJC CjGC12 LG 2LJC!U --- L!21C-2}J1fLU 12 UO LC1GCGq

COGj1CTG1U2 ou orrbri LC pJ21U1pCUfJA qTIJGLCIJ4 LOW G1rnp0pGL H0MCAGL 011CC 11011-

W 1'UGI v '!W !2 22flWG O pG 2GbiLpJG L12j(-2jJ1LflJ 12 LGICC1Gq lfUq jJG

pu 0 JC C0J1UL1G2 p1 JJG /Aoqq suq JJ2 bcLccuG JJ2 TflGU OAGL fpJJG

C0flUL1G2 pq U UGCG22LA 0 UJJ11J91TJ jJG2G AbG2 0 LL1JGWG1J12 cowbLT2c 211J1JC1JIUJA JG22

cbij 1JJJLJ(CI LC2LC1J0U2 IJJG BflCLI bAWGu2 LL11UGUJGIJ24 WGIi2OLG 2 EJu1LG 2JJ0/A2

EOL fjJT2 LG20U bUGJ B 2JJ0M2 IJJG LG2fl12 O IJJG2C 21IJJG IG2f2 011 11 WOLG 2bGCIpC bLoxA o

LG1GCGq 2pJJbJA GC1Hi2G COfIIU4G2 /AIflJ UJTJq LG2LTCT0U2 /AGLG U0 nlclnqGq p1 onbm JUGj v BA 2GWG1UTU f€ tio onb2 LT21c-apLui wou qJC flULG2ILICIGq C0flULJC2 wiA pG

COfIIU4G2 uq C0(TIUL!C2 uiq LC214C1101J2 S2 WG2flLG pA JJG crbj W&LJCC LG2L!CI10U IJJGI2flLG

COUJb42G 2UJIIII bL 0 fJJG MOLjq CLGG Oj LT2J-2pLnJ UJA wj bjgcG UJOIJ 1T1JLG2L1C1Gq

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