nutritive evaluation of ammoniated benggala grass

8/9/2019 Nutritive Evaluation of Ammoniated Benggala Grass

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Nutritive Evaluation of Ammoniated Benggala Grass

and Fermented Sago Waste

Ronny A. V. Tuturoong1), Soebarinoto2), Hartutik 3), and Ch. Kaunang4)

ABSTRACT

Ruminant eed !ro"e##ing te"hno$ogy i# rea$$y needed in an attem!t to

in"rea#e the %ua$ity o &engga$a ' Panicum maximum) gra## and other (a#te !rodu"t#.

ne o ne( $o"a$ eed re#our"e# in *orth Su$a(e#i "ategori+ed a# (a#te !rodu"t i#

Sago (a#te (hi"h i# abundant$y aai$ab$e and ha# a big !otentia$ in !roiding anima$

eed#tu#. The !re#ent #tudy (a# de#igned to ea$uate the uti$i+ation o urea and

o!tima$ in"ubation time to !rodu"e the be#t nutritie %ua$ity (hen added toammoniated &engga$a gra##. A Pleurotus ostreatus fungus was u#ed to determine the

o!tima$ in"ubation time to !rodu"e the be#t %ua$ity o Sago (a#te. Re#ear"h re#u$t#

#ho(ed that the be#t %ua$ity o ammoniated &engga$a gra## (a# #een at the addition

o - urea (ith an in"ubation time o 21 day#, a# indi"ated by the in"rea#ing o "rude

!rotein, "e$$u$o#e, and hemi"e$$u$o#e#. The be#t nutrient %ua$ity o Sago (a#te

ermented (ith Pleurotus ostreatus (a# #ho(n at in"ubation time o 3/ day#, a#

indi"ated by #ignii"ant$y '0 /,/1) in"rea#ing in !rotein "ontent and the de"rea#ing

o $ignin o Sago (a#te. *utritie a$ue ea$uation o ammoniated &engga$a gra##

and ermented Sago (a#te a# ed #ho(ed a #ignii"ant '0 /,/1) in"rea#e in dry

matter and organi" matter dige#tibi$ity in vitro. t "an be "on"$uded that nutritie

a$ue o determined ammoniated &engga$a gra## and ermented Sago (a# in"rea#ed

a# (e$$ a# dry matter and organi" matter dige#tibi$ity in vitro.

Key(ord# eed ea$uation, &engga$a gra##, Sago (a#te, ammoniation, ermentation, in itro

dige#tibi$ity.


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INTRODUCTION

Ruminant anima$# #hare the bigge#t meat #u!!$y or human need. A demand

rate o "att$e meat i# !ro5e"ted to in"rea#e a# the human !o!u$ation in"rea#e#. n the

other hand, $and area or anima$ eed#tu# "u$tiation i# getting #ma$$er in *orth

Su$a(e#i, ndone#ia region due to un"ontro$$ed human #ett$ement and other

inra#tru"ture# that o""u!y agri"u$tura$ area and it# un"tion. ne o (ay out# that "an

be taken i# the uti$i+ation o $o"a$$y aai$ab$e eed#tu# #u"h a# &engga$a gra## and

other agri"u$tura$ (a#te !rodu"t# #u"h a# Sago (a#te (hi"h i# abundant$y aai$ab$e,

#u#tainab$e, and ha# a "om!aratie a$ue added.

The $imitation o u#ing both $o"a$ eed#tu# re#our"e# or ruminant anima$# i#

their high $ignin and $o( !rotein "ontent. 6ei## and 7nder(ood '2//2) #tated that

ammoniation o gra## or #tra( "an in"rea#e "rude !rotein "ontent about - 8 9, and

in"rea#e in itro organi" matter dige#tibi$ity. Ammoniation treatment in"rea#ed

redu"ing #ugar "ontent o ri"e #tra( 'Karda5a, et a$., 2//-). Tuome$a '2//2) !ointed

out that Pleurotus ostreatus ungi i# the mo#t ei"ient ty!e o mi"robe e:i#t# in nature

that #!e"ii"a$$y breakdo(n $ignin. The !re#ent #tudy (a# de#ign to ea$uate

nutritiona$ a$ue o ammoniated &engga$a gra## u#ing urea and ermented Sago (a#te

u#ing Pleurotus ostreatus ungi.

ATERIA!S AND ET"ODS

The !re#ent #tudy (a# "ondu"ted to determine nutritie a$ue o &engga$a

gra## ' Panicum maximum) by (ay o ammoniating u#ing urea and ermentation o

Sago (a#te u#ing Pleurotus ostreatus. The ir#t e:!eriment (a# aimed to determine

nutritie a$ue o ammoniated &engga$a gra## 'A&;) (ith dierent urea

#u!!$ementation $ee$ o /, 2./, 4./, and -./< and then in"ubated or /, =, 14,and 21 day#. The #e"ond e:!eriment (a# "ondu"ted to e$aborate the nutritie a$ue

o ermented Sago (a#te 'S6) u#ing Pleurotus ostreatus ungi or 2/, 2>, and 3/

day?# in"ubation time. 0arameter# mea#ured in the #e"ond e:!eriment (ere dry

matter '@), organi" matter '), and "rude !rotein 'C0) "ontent. *utrient


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"om!o#ition# (ere a$$ ana$y+ed u#ing AAC '1BB/) #tandard method#. iber

ana$y#i# or *@, A@, "e$$u$o#e, hemi"e$$u$o#e#, and $ignin (a# "ondu"ted

a""ording to Van Soe#t '1B9=) !ro"edure. n itro dige#tibi$ity (a# "ondu"ted u#ing

Ti$$ey and Terry '1B-3) !ro"edure a# modiied by Van der eer '1B9/). &oth

e:!eriment# u#ing t(o(ay# Anoa and Tukey te#t (a# em!$oyed to ana$y+e

treatment dieren"e#.

RESU!TS AND DISCUSSION

E#$eriment %& Nutritive value of Ammoniated Benggala Grass (ABG)

*utritie a$ue and in itro dige#tibi$ity o Ammoniated &engga$a ;ra##

'A&;) (ith dierent urea $ee$ and in"ubation time i# !re#ented in Tab$e 1. 7rea

$ee$ and in"ubation time #ignii"ant$y '0 /,/>) in"rea#ed organi" matter ')

"ontent o A&;< (hi$e ammoniating time had no #ignii"ant '0 D /./>) ee"t on

organi" matter ') in"rea#e on A&;. There (a# an intera"tion ee"t '0 /./>)

bet(een urea $ee$ and in"ubation time o Pleurotus ostreatus on dry matter '@)

"ontent o A&;. The highe#t dry matter "ontent (a# ound in urea $ee$ o > (ith

in"ubation time o 21 day#. Eee$ o urea u#ed in thi# e:!eriment gae a #ignii"ant

'0 /,/1) dierent on the in"rea#e o A&; organi" matter ')< (herea#, in"ubationtime did not gie a #ignii"ant '0 D /,/>) ee"t on the in"rea#e o organi" matter

"ontent o A&;. There (a# an intera"tion ee"t '0 /,/1) on urea $ee$ and

in"ubation time in"rement. Treatment (ith an in"rea#e in urea $ee$ gae a

#ignii"ant '0 /,/>) in"rea#e on A&; "rude !rotein 'C0) "ontent. The higher the

urea $ee$, the higher the "rude !rotein "ontent o A&;. n"ubation time (a# a$#o

in"rea#ed '0 /,/1) "rude !rotein 'C0) "ontent. There (a# an intera"tion ee"t '0

/,/1) bet(een urea $ee$ and in"ubation time on "rude !rotein 'C0) "ontent and

neutra$ detergent iber '*@) o A&;. There (a# no intera"tion ee"t '0 D /,/>)

bet(een urea $ee$ and in"ubation time on a"id detergent iber 'A@) o A&;. Eee$

o urea, in"ubation time, and intera"tion o both gae a #ignii"ant '0 /,/1) ee"t on

the de"rea#e o $ignin, "e$$u$o#e, and hemi"e$$u$o#e# "ontent o A&;.


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7rea $ee$, in"ubation time, and intera"tion o both treatment# gae a #ignii"ant

'0 /,/1) ee"t on @ and dige#tibi$ity in itro o A&;. @, , and C0

"ontent o A&; in"rea#ed a# urea $ee$ and in"ubation time in"rea#ed in the !re#ent

#tudy. The highe#t @, , and C0 "ontent (ere ound in urea $ee$ o - and

in"ubation time o 21 day#. t i# under#tandab$e be"au#e the higher the $ee$ o urea

and in"ubation time, the higher the retention time o nitrogen '*) in A&;. At urther

#tage, ureo$yti" !ro"e## "an take !$a"e then * i# "hanged to *H 3 and C2 by urea#e

!rodu"ed by eed ba"teria, and redu"ed #ugar $ee$ in"rea#e#. Kardaya, et a$., '2//-)

re!orted that ammoniating treatment on ri"e #tra( u#ing urea "an in"rea#e "rude

!rotein 'C0) "ontent , dry matter and organi" matter dige#tibi$ity in itro. Thi# re!ort

(a# in a""ordan"e (ith the !re#ent #tudy, (here the highe#t @ and dige#tibi$ity(a# ound at urea $ee$ o - and in"ubation time o 21 day#. The de"rea#e in neutra$

detergent iber '*@) o A&; in thi# e:!eriment might be due to the #tru"tura$

"arbohydrate bond damage. 6ei## and 7nder(ood '2//2) #tated that the de"rea#e in

*@ "ontent o o$iage (hen treated (ith ammonia i# due to the damage on $ignin

and hemi"e$$u$o#e# bond. A"id detergent iber 'A@) "ontent in thi# e:!eriment (a#

not ae"ted mu"h by treatment gien due to the $igno"e$$u$o#e# bond i# being

hydro$y+ed a# (a# indi"ated by the de"rea#e in $ignin "ontent. ndeed, the in"rea#e in

"e$$u$o#e "ontent (a# ob#ered at urea $ee$ o - (ith in"ubation time o 21 day#

treatment.

Tab$e 1. *utrient "ontent and in itro dige#tibi$ity o ammoniated &engga$a gra##'A&;) (ith dierent urea $ee$ and in"ubation time.

ParametersUreaLevel

Fermentation / incubation time (day/s)F0 F7 F14 F21 Sign

Nutrient content()!ry matter (!")

#rganic "atter(#")

U0 $%&$4 $%&$4 $%&$4 $%&$4

U2 $7&11 $7&'2 $7&4 $&'2U4 $&2 $&4 $&'2$&'1U% $&4 $&72 $&%'$&'% *

U0 2&7$ 2&7$ 2&7$ 2&7$


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+rude ,ber (+F)

-!F

.!F

L--

+elluloses

emicelluloses()

In vitrodigestibility (%)!ry matter (!")

#rganic matter(#")

U2 2%&%$ 2%&7 2%&1 2%&7U4 27&$2 27&2% 27& 27&%$U% 2&2 2&$ 27& 2&7**

U0 4&'2 4&'2 4&'2 4&'2U2 &0 &%4 &7 %&0'U4 &27 %& %&'1 7&0$U% &2' &4 &' '&12 **

U0 77&'1 77&'0 77&' 77&'U2 77& 77&' 77&% 77&%4U4 77&' 7%&4 7&44 7&4'U% 77&7 7%&70 7&% 7&%'**

U0 &7' & &7 &77

U2 &$ &4 &4' &2U4 &44 &4$ &0' &47U% &41 &$ 4&%0 4&0%

U0 1$&2 1$&$ 1$&1 1$&2U2 1$&4% 12&'2 12&2$ 11&'U4 1$&4 12&' 11&%2 11&4%U% 1$&42 12&41 10&72 10&'**

U0 1&70 1&7 1&%1 1&'U2 1&0 1&' 2&21 1&7U4 1&% 1&04 2&7 2&'7U% 1&7$ 1&'1 $&1' $&'2**

U0 2&41 2&$' 2&44 2&4$U2 2&70 2%&12 2%&77 2%&%4U4 24&' 2&0 2& 2%&'4U% 2&7 2%&4 2%&' 2%&

U0 41&40 41&$' 41&4$ 41&42U2 41&4$ 4$&$2 4$&$ 4&$2U4 41&42 47&27 4&10 4&17U% 42&01 47&'% 4&1 0&4'**

U0 $'&7' $'&$ 40&01 $'&'7U2 $'&'% 41&'2 44&47 4&4U4 40&02 4&$4 4%&1 47&1


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U% 40&' 4& 47&22 4'&'2**

**) (P


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The re#u$t# #ho(ed that ermentation u#ing Pleurotus ostreatus ungi gae a

#ignii"ant '0 /,/1) ee"t on dry matter '@), organi" matter '), "rude !rotein,

neutra$ detergent iber '*@), a"id detergent iber 'A@), "e$$u$o#e, hemi"e$$u$o#e#,

$ignin, in itro dige#tibi$ity o dry matter @), and organi" matter ') o Sago

!u$!. ermentation u#ing Pleurotus ostreatus #ignii"ant$y de"rea#ed dry matter

'@), organi" matter ') "ontent o Sago !u$!. &ade et a$., '1B9=) #tated that "e$$

(a$$ "ontent o #ugar "ane !u$! 'bio)"onerted by pleurotus sajor caju "an

breakdo(n hemi"e$$u$o#e# bond, in"rea#e iber "om!onent #o$ubi$ity, and de"rea#e

"e$$ (a$$ "om!onent "ontent rom 99.4 to ==.2. &e#ide#, in ermentation

!ro"e##e#, mi"robe# "on#ume "arbon #ub#tan"e# rom their gro(th medium, #o that

organi" matter "ontent de"rea#ed. The in"rea#e in "rude !rotein "ontent i#under#tandab$e be"au#e o in"rea#e in #ing$e "e$$ !rotein bioma##. The de"rea#e in

neutra$ detergent iber '*@) "ontent o Sago !u$! indi"ated that there i# a

breakdo(n o "e$$ (a$$ by Pleurotus ostreatus ungi, e#!e"ia$$y the de"rea#e in $ignin

(hen ermentation time !ro$onged. n their gro(th, the#e ungi uti$i+e

hemi"e$$u$o#e#, #o that hemi"e$$u$o#e# "ontent de"rea#e# a# ermentation !ro"e##

take# !$a"e (hi"h i# then o$$o(ed by ungi my"e$ium gro(th. Hydro$y#i# o

$igno"e$$u$o#e# by thi# ungu# i# indeed in"rea#ed Sago !u$! "e$$u$o#e "ontent. n

itro dige#tibi$ity o dry matter '@) and organi" matter ') o Sago !u$!

in"rea#ed a# ermentation time in"rea#ed. Sub#trate# that undergone ermentation

be"ome# more dige#tib$e due to "atabo$i" and anabo$i" nature o the#e 0$eurotu# ungi

that enab$e it to breakdo(n "om!$e: "om!onent be"ome more dige#tib$e.

CONC!USION

t "an be "on"$uded that nutritie a$ue o &engga$a '0ani"um ma:imum)

gra## i# im!roed by ermentation u#ing - urea or 21 day#. The be#t nutritie

a$ue o Sago !u$! i# rea"hed at ermentation time o 3/ day# u#ing Pleurotus

ostreatus ungi.


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!ITRATURE CITTED

AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Offcial Analysis Chemist.

Washington. D.C. P.523 52!

"ad#e, $.C., P.%. &isal, A.'. (oshi and D.$., %angnelan, 19!). *t+dies of he -se

of 'ignocell+lose Degading /+ngi to mo#e he &+t+ti#e $al+e of

*+gacane "aggase and *og+m *ta. In 4. *ingh, .W. /legel and (.".

*ciee 6d7. Biological, Chemical and Physical Treatment .

4adaya. D. *., Deden. dan D8., Dede, 200. Model Kerja Amoniasi DalamMeningkatkan Kandungan Nitrogen dan Kecernaan Bahan rganik !ijauanPakan. 'aoan :egiatan Pogam Penelitian Dasa Peg++an inggiah+n Anggaan 200.

*teel, %.;.D., dan .!19?!35.

Weiss, ". (., -ndeood, 2002. Im(ro/ing #o*er 2uality Dry -orages By

Amoniation. Ohio -ni#esity. 6@tension Deatment of

nutritive evaluation of ammoniated benggala grass

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