9. NUTRITION MANAGEMENTBroiler Management Guide

Introduction

•Broiler diets▫Energy▫Nutrients

•Health and Efficient production

Introduction

•Basic Nutritional Components▫Water▫Amino acids▫Energy▫Vitamins▫Minerals

•To assure correct ▫Skeletal growth▫Muscle disposition

Introduction

•Factors affecting Nutrient content of the feed▫Ingredient quality▫Feed form▫Feed hygiene

• If compromised▫Performance can be decrease

Introduction

•Key Factors in selection of optimum diets ▫Raw material availability and cost▫Separate sex growing▫Live weights required by market▫The value of meat and carcass yield▫Fat levels required by specific market▫Skin color▫Meat texture and flavor▫Feed mill capabilities

Introduction

•Feed forms▫Mash▫Crumble▫Pelleted▫Extruded

•Further processing is often preferable▫Improved in flock efficiency

Crude Protein

•Requirements for amino acids▫Building blocks of protein

•Proteins▫Structural components in tissues▫Feathers to muscle

Energy

•Necessary for maintaining the bird’s basic metabolic functions and body weight growth

•Metabolizable energy (ME)▫Energy content of poultry diets▫Gross amt of energy of a feed consemed

minus the gross amount of energy excreted

Micronutrients

•Vitamins▫Routinely supplemented▫Water soluble

B-complex vitamins▫Fat soluble

A, D, E and K Can be stored in liver and other parts

Micronutrients

•Minerals▫Inorganic▫Major elements

Ca, P, K, Na, Cl, S, Mg ▫Trace elements

Fe, I, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se

Feed testing

•Feed sampling▫Systematic approach▫‘’best practice’’ policy

•The analysis reflects the real nutrient content of feed▫If good sampling technique was done

•Take sub-samples (eg 5)▫Combine into a composite sample▫5 samples per each delivery of feed taken

Feed testing• Sampling from feed lines▫Not recommended▫Sifting of ingredients or feed will skew results

• Samples should be stored in a refrigerator▫Recoded with date, feed type and delivery

ticket number• If problem arises, feeds should be analyzed▫Reports should be compared with nutrient

specifications for the respective diets

Phase feeding

•Nutrient requirement ▫Decline with broiler age

•Starter, Grower and Finisher diets▫Incorporated into the growing program of

broilers•Changes in nutrients should not be done

abruptly on specific dates but rather continuously overtime

Phase feeding•The greater the number of feeds a bird

receives, the closer to feed the birds to the requirement.

•The number of feeds is limited by these factors▫Economic

Transportation cost Farm capacity

▫Logistical Feed mill capacity

Phase feeding

•Dietary concentrations are based on the objectives of the producer.

•There are three (3) objectives of feeding broilers▫Most producers use a combination of these

Diet Type 1

•Nutrient-rich▫To optimize live weight gain and feed

conversion•Promotes additional carcass lipid content•Also, metabolic disorders•Diet cost will be high

Diet Type 2

•Lowered energy content•Optimum crude protein and amino acid

content•Results into less lipid gain but maximize

lean mass production•Live weight and feed conversion ▫Will be negatively affected

•Cost per lean mass will be optimal

Diet Type 3

•Low nutrient concentration•Result in lower live weight growth•Higher feed conversion•Cost per live weight may be optimum

Feed withdrawal

•Special attention towards medication and vaccine withdrawal dates▫To ensure no residue retained in carcass at

processing•Always keep records.

Supplement Whole Wheat feeding

•Whole wheat to broiler chickens?▫Being practiced around the world▫Reduction in feed cost▫Improvements in gizzard development

Improved digestion Ability to manipulate the nutrient intake

Supplement Whole Wheat feeding

•Disadvantages?▫Reduced growth rate▫Reduction in lean gain▫Poorer uniformity

If adjustments in compound feed are not made

Supplement Whole Wheat feeding

•Maybe added either in▫ feed mill- ▫ farm- preferably due to flexibility if offers

•Around day 7 or when birds weigh 160 g▫Begin supplementing▫Level of 1%-5%▫Inc to approx. 30%, gradual inc by 1-5%

Supplement Whole Wheat feeding

•The maximum percent (30%) depends on▫Compound feed quality▫Nutrient density▫Wheat quality▫Desired performance▫Performance of individual flocks

Supplement Whole Wheat feeding

• Important reminders!!▫Supplementation leads to dilution effect to

the diet.. Make adjustments!▫Medications need to be adjusted▫Regular monitoring of bird live weight

To see the effects to the flock▫Supplemental whole wheat should be

removed 48 hours before slaughter To avoid contamination of carcass during

eviceration

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