NUTRITION AND ITS RELATION TO BODY FUNCTIONS.

PREMED1 PRESENTATION BY GOODNESS EZEANYASO 17 JULY 2014

ObjectivesTo understand what nutrition is.The various nutrients essential

for proper body function.The effect of individual nutrients

on the body.Effects of good nutrition on body

functions.Effects of bad nutrition on body

functions.

What is Nutrition?Nutrition is the process of

providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.

This is the study of food at work in our bodies, our source for energy, and the medium for which the nutrients in our bodies can function.

Have you ever heard this phrase, “We are what we eat”?

Definition continued…Proper nutrition is what helps the

body in development and in maintenance of good health.

Good nutrition translates into health which then leads to other good things.

Also, a poor nutrition can have a very serious impact on both our health and our general wellbeing.

What do you think?

NutrientsNutrients are essential substances that we

get from food. They are what the body needs to perform its daily functions properly.

Nutrients are broken down into Protein, Fats and Oil, Carbohydrates, Vitamins and Minerals.

Kilojoule (kJ) is the SI unit of food energy and it varied from each of the food item.

1 kJ = 4.185 or 4.2 kcal

A balanced dietA balanced diet are food items that contains six key nutrient groups that are required in appropriate amounts for health in the right proportion. These are:

ProteinsCarbohydratesLipids or fatsVitaminsMineralsWater

Protein

Proteins includes meats, fish, milk, beans, nuts and other leguminous crops.

Protein yields 4 calorie/gram

CarbohydrateFoods that are rich in

carbohydrate includes starchy food e.g. bread, rice, oatmeal and also sugar.

Carbohydrate yields 4 calorie/gram

Fats and OilFats and Oil includes eggs, dairy

products, fish e.t.c.

Fats yields 9 calorie/gram

MineralsMinerals and Vitamins are richly

found in fruits and vegetables.

WaterOur bodies are made up of 70%

water, eating foods that are mostly alkaline(contains lots of natural water) and drinking the right amount of water helps the body to be able to assimilate nutrients better

Calories in Common FoodsFood Size Calorie

Apple 1 small (4 oz.) 80

Banana 1 medium (6 oz.) 101

Grape Each 2

Mango 1 (8 oz) 135

Orange 1 (4 oz) 7

Bread, regular 1 slice (1 oz.) 75

Butter 1 table spoon 102

Cheeseburger 1 (McDonald Med) 360

Pizza 1 slice 180

Rice, cooked 1 cup 225

Calculation of CalorieIf during break, Charles eat a plate of

rice with chicken and fries with the following nutrition facts:

20 grams of protein30 grams of carbohydrates20 grams of fat

His total calorie intake will be …. What is the total kilojoules he will

derived from this food intake?

Calorie RequirementDaily calorie requirement is a function of combination of factors such as age, gender, level of activity general state of health etc.

However, within a healthy balanced diet, a man needs around 10,500kJ (2,500kcal) a day to maintain his weight.

A woman, needs around 8,400kJ (2,000kcal) a day.

Energy expenditure per hour during different activities for a 70 kg person.

Form of Activity Energy Expended/Kcal h-1

Lying still, awake 77

Sitting at rest 100

Typing rapidly 140

Dressing or undressing

150

Walking on level at 4.8 km h-1

200

Jogging at 9 km h-1 570

How our bodies function (continued)…All the nutrients the body needs

to perform its daily functions and to renew its worn out cells comes from the food we eat on a daily basis.

If we consume the wrong foods, it supplies the body with the wrong nutrients and it definitely reflects in our health and general wellbeing.

Nutrient FacilitatorsNutrient facilitators include water

and fibers.Fibers help with regular

elimination of toxins and wastes. It is also important.

How good nutrition affects body functions.Nutrition not only affects our body’s

ability to maintain itself but also helps us to manage the risk of developing diseases and this affects us both health wise and in our general performance.

When we have the right amount of nutrients in our body as a result of good nutrition, the body functions properly.

Effects of good nutrition continued…When protein is in the right

quantity in the body, the body is able to replace worn out tissues, building up of muscles can take place, enzymes can be synthesized, hormones are being manufactured properly and in the right quantity, and also the risk of being sick is reduced to a reasonably level.

Effects of good nutrition continued…When carbohydrates are in the right

quantity, it ensures that the body has the required energy needed for it to go about its daily activities and this energy is extended to us for our physical activities.

We must bear in mind that in as much as carbohydrates is good for us, those source of carbohydrate with high glycemic index are not good for us.

Effects of good nutrition continued…

When fats and oil are in the right quantity, they help keep the cell membrane flexible and help regulate the amount of cholesterol circulating in the blood.

Although dietary fat is a critical component of good health, eating too much of the wrong kind of fat results to serious health issues. The best kind of fat to be eaten is the Unsaturated Fats which are gotten from natural sources.

Effects of good nutrition continued…Finally, when vitamins and

minerals are in the right and sufficient amount, the body functions properly because these nutrients supports and assists a wide range of body processes.

They help the body to be able to utilize the energy found in other food nutrients.

They also boost the body’s immune system.

Effects of poor nutrition.

Effects of poor nutrition continued…Poor nutrition is the process of providing

the wrong nutrients or not providing sufficient required nutrients to the body.

When the body lacks sufficient nutrients or the right nutrients, there will be a drop in the level of maximum functioning of the body. This automatically increases the risk of developing diseases which will then affect our general performance.

Effects of poor nutrition continued…Poor nutrition affects the body

functions as follows;1. Tissues that are worn out would

not be easily replaced.2. Enough energy required by the

body will not be supplied to it.3. The immune system of the body

will become weak thereby making the body susceptible to diseases.

Effects of poor nutrition continued…Also, when the brain is not

properly nourished, it begins to malfunction and when there is a malfunction in the brain, the rest of the entire body system is in danger.

This will also affect our performances physically and academically and in generally.

ConclusionWhen there is no balance in the level of

nutrients in the body, this could result to a lot of disease risk and thus poor nutrition.

When everything is in balance, we should expect a normal body function.

For us to be able to avoid poor nutrition, and reduce our risk of developing disease, we have to be able to balance our diet and by doing this we are balancing the nutrients in the body, hence healthy living.

Question

If Goodness ate this whole container of Whoppers, how many calories would she consume?

A. 60 caloriesB. 90 caloriesC. 150 caloriesD. 180 caloriesE. 450 calories

Referenceshttp://www.sahealth.sa.gov.auhttp://www.cancer.orghttp://healthyeating.sfgate.comhttp://www.healthy-eating-and-nu

trition.comhttp://www.nutrition.org.ukEzeanyaso Goodness

Chinecherem.

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