Nutrient Cycles

Biochemical cycles

• Also called the Nutrient Cycles.

• Four most abundant elements in our body:

• CHON

• (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)

Water Cycle

• Transpiration = water leaves the leaves of a plant

• Transpiration Animation

Runoff

• Surface flow of water over the land

Seepage (percolation) or infiltration

Water Cycle

Desalination Plant in Saudi Arabia desalination

Do Water Cycle Activity

And crossword on the back

X 4

What is the purpose of nutrients?

• Chemical building blocks

• To build tissues and carry out essential life functions.

• Three most important nutrients: C-N-P

• Carbon – nitrogen - phosphorus

What are the three nutrients found in fertilizer?

• N P K• nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium

Algal Bloom

• An algal bloom or marine bloom or water bloom is a rapid increase in the population of algae in an aquatic system.

Algal Bloom

• Increase in algae often due to runoff of heavily fertilized fields

Algal Bloom Animation

• Australian algal bloom

Carbon Cycle

Image: fig.cox.miami.edu

Carbon Cycle

• CarbonCycle Animation

• Tutorial 58.2 The Global Carbon Cycle

Animation

The Carbon Cycle Game This would make a nice simulation!

Why do you think Carbon is an important cycle?

• Makes up all living things

• Plants use it to make food by photosynthesis

• Carbon dioxide acts as a greenhouse gas to warm the atmosphere

Greenhouse Effect

UV Rays

IR rays

Global Warming

• global-warming-101

Polar Ice Caps Melting Video

Fossil Fuels Burning

Global Warming

• Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation.

Can we bury our CO2 in the ocean?

Formulas

• Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 (rock)

• Carbon Dioxide CO2 (gas)

How does carbon dioxide get into the ground?

• Decomposition of dead animals

R=release TI=take in

• TI photosynthesis• R respiration• TI decomposition of dead animals• R volcanic activity• R burning fossil fuels• R burning forests

Nitrogen CycleC9H11NO3

= an amino acid (protein)• Why do we need

nitrogen?

• For DNA, RNA, Proteins

Nitrogen

• N2 atmospheric nitrogen

• NH3 ammonia

NH4+ ammonium ion

Nitrate NO3

Nitrite NO2

KNOW 1. Nitrogen Fixing: Changing unusable nitrogen into

usable nitrogenN2 NH4+ (NH3)

Atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia (unusable) (usable)

ONLY DONE WITHNITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA.

Legume Nodules

• nodules of Rhizobium, bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen.

• UGLY – BUT NEEDED!!!

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

2. Uptake by Organisms

• Clover is a low cost source of nitrogen.

Urine, fertilizer add nitrogen

3. Nitrogen Mineralization (Decay)

• Organic nitrogen is converted to plant-available inorganic forms. Microbes eat the decomposed organisms.

• N NH4+

Nitrogen CycleNONUSABLE

usable

4. Nitrification• Ammonia into nitrite/nitrate• NH4

+ NO2-/N03 • Done by soil bacteria

KNOW 5. Denitrification

• ☺Nitrogen Cycle Animation WATCH THE MOVING DOTS

• Bacteria converting NO3/NH3 back to N2

• Usable to unusable

Nitrogen cycle

• Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, N2

• - electrical discharge, chemical production, biological fixation

• NO3 plants animals death & wastes• Waste org. N decomposers NH3

• NH3 nitrifiers NO2 & NO3

• NO2 & NO3 denitrifiers N2

• Nitrogen and the Vole

Animation

• Tutorial 58.4 The Global Nitrogen Cycle

Do “Traveling Nitrogen: Activity

• How did you (nitrogen) get into the soil?

• How did you move from one place to another?

• Did you ever get transformed back to N2?

• How do animals get the nitrogen that they can use?

Phosphorus Cycle

• Phosphorus does not enter the atmosphere in its cycle

• Inorganic phosphorus remains mostly in rocks and ocean sediments

• Organic Phosphate is found in DNA and RNA (all living things)

• CHONP

Phosphorus Cycle Animation

• phosphorous cycle animation

• PO4 =

• phosphate

Spartina (cordgrass) and Algae

Thrive on lots of Phosphorus

Too many nutrients-too much algal growth

Algal Bloom

• Too many nutrients cause too much algae to grow.

• Chokes out other plants.

• Too many nutrients cause grow of algae.

• This causes other plants to be choked out.

• Dissolved oxygen depletion