number previous meaning new meaning from to topic · giles martin, consulting assistant editor ....

1

EPC Exhibit 136-19.2

April 4, 2013

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

Dewey Section

To: Caroline Kent, Chair

Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee

Cc: Members of the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee

Karl E. Debus-López, Chief, U.S. General Division

From: Rebecca Green, Assistant Editor

Giles Martin, Consulting Assistant Editor

Dewey Decimal Classification

OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.

Via: Michael Panzer, Editor in Chief

Dewey Decimal Classification

OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc

Re: 583–584 Angiosperms: Proposal for discussion

Immediate reuse of numbers

Number Previous meaning New meaning

583.43 Minor orders of Hamamelididae Dilleniaceae

583.98 Campanulales Euasterids II

Relocations

From To Topic

583.2 583.68 Cytinaceae

583.2 583.83 Rafflesiaceae

583.22 583.24 Canellaceae, Winteraceae (winter's bark family), wild cinnamon

583.23 583.292 Amborellaceae

583.23 583.296 Austrobaileyaceae

583.23 583.298 Chloranthaceae

[583.26] 583.25 Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family)

583.29 583.28 Ceratophyllaceae (hornworts)

583.3 583.296 Illiciaceae, Schisandraceae, magnolia vine, star anise

[583.36] 583.975 Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plant family)

583.43 583.34 Eupteleaceae

583.43 583.393 Trochodendrales

583.43 583.395 Didymelaceae

2

583.43 583.44 Cercidiphyllaceae (katsura trees)

583.43 583.46 Casuarinaceae (beefwoods), Myricaceae (wax myrtles),

bayberries, candleberry, sweet gale (bog myrtle)

583.43 583.73 Barbeyaceae

583.43 583.786 Leitneria

583.43 583.83 Balanopaceae

583.43 583.942 Eucommiaceae

583.44 583.38 Platanaceae (sycamore family), plane trees

583.44 583.42 Myrothamnaceae

[583.45] 583.738 Urticaceae (nettle family), Cannabaceae (hemp family),

Moraceae (mulberry family), Ulmaceae (elm family)

[583.48] 583.46 Betulaceae (birch family), alders, filberts (hazelnuts), hornbeams;

comprehensive works on ironwoods

[583.49] 583.46 Juglandaceae (walnut family), butternuts, hickories, pecans

583.5 583.93 Theligonum (Cynocrambe)

[583.62] 583.43 Dilleniaceae

[583.62] 583.44 Paeoniaceae (peony family)

[583.62] 583.782 Crossosomataceae

[583.624] 583.5 Asteropeiaceae

[583.624] 583.58 Ancistrocladaceae, Dioncophyllaceae

[583.624] 583.68 Diegodendraceae, Dipterocarpaceae

[583.624] 583.782 Strasburgeriaceae

[583.624] 583.83 Bonnetiaceae, Caryocaraceae, Clusiaceae (Guttiferae),

Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Lophiraceae, Medusagynaceae,

Ochnaceae, Quiinaceae, garcinias, mammee apple, mangosteen

[583.624] 583.94 Oncothecaceae

[583.624] 583.975 Marcgraviaceae, Pellicieraceae, Pentaphylacaceae,

Tetrameristaceae, Theaceae (Ternstroemiaceae, tea family),

camellias, Stewartia

[583.625] 583.44 Peridiscaceae

[583.625] 583.68 Bixaceae (annatto tree), Cistaceae (rockrose family),

Cochlospermaceae

[583.625] 583.782 Stachyuraceae

[583.625] 583.83 Flacourtiaceae, Lacistemataceae, Scyphostegiaceae, Violaceae

(violet family), pansies

[583.626] 583.64 Caricaceae (papaya family), papaws

[583.626] 583.83 Achariaceae, Malesherbiaceae, Passifloraceae (passionflower

family), Turneraceae, granadillas, maypop

[583.627] 583.63 Begoniaceae, Datiscaceae, begonias

[583.628] 583.5 Frankeniaceae, Tamaricaceae (tamarisk family), alkali heath

[583.628] 583.975 Fouquieriaceae (candlewood family), ocotillo

[583.65] 583.83 Salicaceae (willow family), cottonwoods, Populus (poplars and

aspens), Salix

[583.66] 583.975 Ericales, Clethraceae (pepperbush family), Epacridaceae,

Ericaceae (heath family), Monotropaceae (Indian pipe family),

3

Pyrolaceae, Saurauiaceae, azaleas, blueberries, cranberries,

crowberries, heather, huckleberries, kalmias, kiwi (Chinese

gooseberry), mountain laurel, rhododendrons, sourwood,

wintergreens

[583.67] 583.68 Thymelaeaceae (mezereum family), daphnes, spurge laurel

[583.67] 583.975 Diapensiaceae, galax

[583.674] 583.975 Ebenaceae (ebony family), Sapotaceae, Styracaceae (storax

family), Symplocaceae (sweetleaf family), persimmons,

sapodilla, star apples

[583.675] 583.975 Primulaceae (primrose family), Myrsinaceae, Theophrastaceae,

auriculas, coralberry, cyclamens, loosestrife, primulas, shooting

stars

[583.69] 583.395 Buxaceae (boxwood family)

[583.69] 583.83 Dichapetalaceae, Euphorbiaceae (spurge family), cassavas

(maniocs), castor-oil plant, copperleaves, crotons, crown of

thorns, heveas, manchineels, mercuries, poinsettias, rubber tree,

snow-on-the-mountain, tallow tree, tung tree

[583.72] 583.44 Saxifragales, Saxifragaceae (saxifrage family), Crassulaceae,

Grossulariaceae (gooseberry family), currants, houseleeks (live-

forevers), pickaback plants, Ribes, stonecrops (orpines, sedums),

Virginia willow

[583.72] 583.79 Francoaceae

[583.72] 583.825 Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae

[583.72] 583.85 Parnassiaceae and brexias

[583.72] 583.94 Vahliaceae

[583.72] 583.96 Byblidaceae

[583.72] 583.972 Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family), deutzias, mock oranges

(syringas)

[583.72] 583.984 Escalloniaceae and escallonias

[583.72] 583.985 Bruniaceae

[583.72] 583.986 Paracryphiaceae

[583.72] 583.988 Pittosporaceae (hedge laurel family)

[583.75] 583.58 Nepenthaceae (Old World pitcher plant family), Droseraceae

(sundew family); Venus's flytrap; comprehensive works on

pitcher plants, comprehensive works on carnivorous plants

583.76 583.63 Anisophylleaceae

583.76 583.64 Brazilian spiderflowers

583.76 583.975 Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut family)

583.763 583.83 Rhizophoraceae

[583.77] 583.63 Coriariaceae

[583.77] 583.74 Stylobasium

[583.77] 583.786 Rutaceae (orange family), Anacardiaceae (mango family),

Burseraceae (incense tree family), Meliaceae (mahogany family),

Simaroubaceae (ailanthus family), cashew, chinaberry tree, citrus

fruits, cork trees, hog plums (Spanish plums), hop tree, orange

4

jessamine, pistachio, poison ivies, rue, smoke trees, sumacs, tree

of heaven, varnish trees; comprehensive works on balms

583.78 583.37 Sabiaceae

583.78 583.79 Greyiaceae and Melianthaceae

583.79 583.64 Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium family)

583.79 583.822 Zygophyllaceae (lignum vitae family), creosote bush

583.79 583.825 Oxalidaceae (wood sorrel family), shamrock

583.79 583.83 Erythroxylaceae (coca family), Hugoniaceae, Humiriaceae,

Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae (flax family), Malpighiaceae, wild

mango (dika)

583.79 583.975 Balsaminaceae (balsam family), impatiens, jewelweeds (touch-

me-nots)

583.82 583.42 Gunneraceae, gunneras

583.82 583.73 Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family)

583.82 583.74 Polygalalceae (milkwort family)

583.82 583.76 Vochysiaceae

583.82 583.83 Podostemaceae (riverweed family)

583.82 583.96 Hippuris (mare's tail)

[583.84] 583.942 Garryaceae, Garrya

[583.84] 583.972 Cornales, Cornaceae (dogwood family), tupelos (sour gums)

[583.84] 583.988 Araliaceae (ginseng family, ivy family), Torricelliaceae

(Toricelliaceae), wild sarsaparilla, comprehensive works on ivies

[583.849] 583.9882 Apiaceae

583.85 583.478 Aextoxicaceae

583.85 583.94 Icacinaceae

583.85 583.982 Aquifoliaceae (holly family), maté

583.86 583.73 Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family), ironwoods, jujubes

[583.88] 583.44 Medusandraceae

[583.88] 583.47 Santalales, Santalaceae (sandalwood family), Balanophoraceae,

Loranthaceae (mistletoe family), Olacaceae, Opiliaceae,

Viscaceae

[583.88] 583.788 Dipentodontaceae

[583.88] 583.982 Cardiopteridaceae (Peripterygiaceae)

[583.89] 583.38 Proteales

583.93 583.99 Menyanthaceae, bog myrtle (buckbean)

583.94 583.95 Convolvulaceae (morning glory family), Cuscutaceae (dodder

family), dichondras, sweet potatoes (yams)

583.94 583.972 Loasaceae

583.94 583.975 Polemoniaceae (phlox family), Jacob's ladders

583.95 583.96 Acanthaceae (acanthus family), Bignoniaceae (catalpa family),

Buddlejaceae, Gesneriaceae, Globulariaceae, Lentibulariaceae

(bladderwort family), Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae,

Orobanchaceae (broomrape family), Pedaliaceae (sesame

family), Plantaginaceae (plantago family), Retziaceae,

Scrophulariaceae (figwort family, snapdragon family),

5

Trapellaceae, African violets, butterfly bushes, calabash tree,

foxglove, mulleins, Penstemon, plantains, trumpet creepers,

unicorn plants

583.95 583.972 Hydrostachyaceae

583.95 583.985 Columelliaceae

583.98 583.95 Sphenocleaceae

583.98 583.99 Brunoniaceae, Campanulaceae (bellflower family), Donatiaceae,

Goodeniaceae, Lobeliaceae, Stylidiaceae; bluebells, Campanula,

Indian tobacco

584.32 584.35 Aloes, day lilies

584.32 584.352 Hostas (plantain lilies)

584.32 584.355 Bluebells, hyacinths, lily of the valley

584.34 584.324 Peruvian lily

584.35 584.32 Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae

584.35 584.6 Stemonaceae

584.35 584.69 Taccaceae

584.35 584.86 Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae

[584.353] 583.324 Alstroemeriaceae

584.354 584.6 Velloziaceae (tree lily family)

584.354 584.86 Haemodoraceae (bloodwort family)

[584.356] 584.326 Smilacaceae

[584.357] 584.69 Dioscoreaceae (yam family)

[584.37] 584.6 Triuridaceae

584.38 584.69 Burmanniaceae

[584.64] 584.724 Araceae (arum family)

[584.68] 584.9 Typhaceae (Sparganiaceae), Sparganium (bur reeds), Typha

(cattails and bulrushes)

584.72 584.86 Water hyacinths

584.74 584.73 Najas (naiads)

584.8 584.9 Centrolepidaceae, Flagellariaceae, Restionaceae

584.86 584.9 Mayacaceae, Rapateaceae, Xyridaceae (yellow-eyed grass

family)

Expansions

New location Topic

583 Angiosperms (flowering plants)

583.38 Nelumbonaceae (lotuses)

583.68 Sphaerosepalaceae

583.685 Bombacaceae (silk cotton tree family), balsa, baobabs, basswood,

cacao, jute, kapok, kola nuts, Sterculia, Tilia (lindens, lime trees)

583.822 Krameriaceae

583.99 Calyceraceae

583.952 Nolanaceae

584.32 Liliales

6

Discontinuation

From To Topic

584.66 584.6 Pandanales

The current exhibit follows from three previous exhibits:

(1) EPC Exhibit 135-17.1 Angiosperms, a request from Magdalena Svanberg that we give

consideration to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group’s 2009 classification for flowering

plants (APG III) and ―revise the [DDC] where appropriate‖;

(2) EPC Exhibit 135-17.1.1, 583–584 Angiosperms: Discussion paper, which explored

issues and options in the possible accommodation of APG III in the DDC; and

(3) EPC Exhibit 136-19.2, a preprint of a paper presented at last fall’s SIG/CR Classification

Research Workshop, which also addressed issues raised during the discussion of the EPC

135 exhibits. (Citation/URL now available: Green, R., & Martin, G. (2013). A Rosid Is

a Rosid Is a Rosid . . . or Not. Advances in Classification Research Online, 23(1), pp.

9-16. http://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/acro/article/view/14228/12088)

The strategy we have supported is to revise 583–584 on the basis of APG III, but to minimize

relocations, using see references to establish the APG III logical hierarchy, as needed / where

possible. The current exhibit presents a proposed revision of 583–584 that implements this

revision strategy. Admittedly, the length of the list of relocations may challenge one’s belief in

our having undertaken the goal of minimizing relocations in good faith. But APG III and the

current taxonomic basis of 583–584 differ on many details. Relocations have been implemented

where necessary so that the resulting DDC class makes sense from an APG III perspective, even

if the entire APG III clade is not represented there. (See references at 583.58, 583.7, 583.98,

584.35, 584.355, 584.8, and 584.9 represent significant lost relocation ―opportunities‖ that could

have been implemented had we adopted the strategy of revising more thoroughly along the lines

of APG III. See questions raised by Winton on the next page.)

The set of proposed changes is of sufficient magnitude to raise the question whether a more

extensive revision should be preferred to the level of revision worked out here.

So that the discussion of the proposal can be objectively grounded to the extent possible, we will

provide the following statistics prior to the EPC meeting:

Counts of the number of WorldCat records affected by the proposed relocations,

expansions, and discontinuations (considering both 583–584 and numbers in 633–635

built using 583–584)

Counts of the number of WorldCat records not affected by the proposed relocations,

expansions, and discontinuations (considering both 583–584 and numbers in 633–635

built using 583–584)

The percentage of recent (2012–2013) WorldCat literature classed in 583–584 and

numbers in 633–635 built using 583–584 that employ APG III taxonomic groupings

7

The percentage of recent (2012–2013) WorldCat literature classed in 583–584 and

numbers in 633–635 built using 583–584 using pre-APG III taxonomic groupings

Analysis of LC subject headings assigned to recent (2012–2013) WorldCat literature

classed in 583–584 and numbers in 633–635 built using 583–584 with regard to the

taxonomic organization they reflect

These statistics will also be used to analyze whether any of the proposed classes (e.g., 583.975

Ericales) should be subject to further development/expansion.

Immediately following can be found:

―Notes of Decisions in 583-584‖ (pp. 9–12)—notes Giles took as he was making the

revisions. He leaves open several suggestions/questions:

o Should Plumbaginaceae, Frankeniaceae and Tamaricaceae be relocated from

583.628 to 583.57?

o Should we expand at 583.58 for the clade consisting of the carnivorous plants?

o Should there be expansions as proposed at 583.732, 583.736 and 583.738?

o Should there be an expansion for Faboideae at 583.74, perhaps at 583.747?

o Should comprehensive works on mangroves be relocated from 583.763 to

583.17698?

―Bare bones version of proposed development‖ (pp. 13–18; worked out by Winton),

showing its overall structure. On the basis of see references leading to entire classes in

other hierarchies, he raises the following questions:

o Should 583.46 Fagales, 583.63 Cucurbitales, 583.64 Brassicales, and 583.68

Malvales be relocated to 583.7–583.8?

o Should 583.92 Dipsacales be relocated to 583.98?

o Should 584.4 Orchidaceae be relocated to 584.35?

o Should 584.5 Arecales (Palmales) be relocated to 584.8?

o Should 584.82 Juncaceae (rush family) and Thurniaceae, 584.84 Cyperaceae

(sedge family), 584.85 Bromeliaceae (pineapple family), and 584.87

Eriocaulaceae (pipewort family) be relocated to 584.9?

PDF of proposed development. The following records do not incorporate any changes,

but are supplied to provide context or to trigger printing of summary or internal table

records (only affected internal table records are shown; those not shown are still valid):

500

561

561.3–561.9

571

571.2

575

575.6–575.9

575.9

577

588

615

633

633.8

634

634.9

634.97

635

635.9

635.93–635.97

635.93

635.97

635.9

In the PDF, we would like to bring to your attention a situation that recurs frequently and

is symptomatic of the relationship between the current development and the organization

8

of APG III. As an example, the situation can be seen in the entries for 583.25 and

[583.26]:

583.25 *Piperales

Including Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family) [formerly 583.26],

Saururaceae (lizard’s-tail family); black pepper, peperomias

Aristolochiaceae are sometimes classed as Aristolochiales [formerly

583.26]

Class here Piperaceae (pepper family)

Class peppers of Solanaceae family, comprehensive works on peppers

in 583.952

[583.26] Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family)

Former heading: Aristolochiales

Relocated to 583.25

*Add as instructed under 583–588

At 583.26, we currently have:

583.26 *Aristolochiales

Class here Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family)


In the Encyclopedia Britannica angiosperm classification, both Piperales and Aristolochiales

are considered orders within 583.2 Magnoliidae. In APG III, Aristolochiales is included as

family Aristolochiaceae within order Piperales. This difference between the two

classifications is handled by a set of changes in the proposed development:

At 583.26, order Aristolochiales gives way to family Aristolochiaceae in the caption

and takes its place as the former heading.

Family Aristolochiaceae is relocated from 583.26 to 583.25 Piperales.

A note at 583.25 gives the ―equivalence‖ of the former order and the current family,

stating that Aristolochiaceae are sometimes classed as Aristolochiales.

9

NOTES OF DECISIONS IN 583-584

Capitalization

In the APG system some English words are used rather than

Latin words to describe clades, e.g., ―angiosperms‖,

―dicots‖, ―euasterids‖, ―rosids‖. Where they don’t start a

caption or sentence, they have been written with lower case

even though they are scientific names.

583.2 Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal Angiosperms

Rafflesiales is not defined in Britannica, but in Takhtajan

(1969) consists of Rafflesiacea and Hydnoraceae. These

have been separately relocated.

The term ―monster flower‖ is used in Britannica for

Rafflesia arnoldii. No literary warrant in WorldCat for the

term (though plenty for the species), so dropped from

schedule, and should be EO at best in RI.

583.22 Magnoliales

―Cucumber tree‖ is ambiguous, but here it presumably is

Magnolia acuminata.

―Lancewood‖ is ambiguous, but here presumably refers to

several species of Annonaceae.

583.26 Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family)

I changed the caption from ―Aristolochiales‖ since that

order is no longer recognised and it contained only one

family.

583.28 Ceratophyllales

Because of the relocation here, I added the record for 588.3

to the project.

583.3 Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales

I’ve added Trochodendrales and Buxales to the caption. (I

don’t know why they were left out.)

In Britannica and in Takhtajan (1969) Illiciales consists of

Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae. In the most recent APG

they are one family, Schisandraceae, placed in

Austrobaileyales. However the relocation given is of

Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae.

In Britannica and in Takhtajan (1969) Nelumbales consists

of one family Nelumbaceae, and this is expanded to 583.38.

(The expansion should have been in the exhibit.)

583.36 Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plant family)

I changed the caption from ―Sarraceniales‖ since that order

is no longer recognised and it contained only one family.

583.43 Dilleniaceae

I added more relocations: Balanopaceae to 583.83;

Barbeyaceae to 583.73; Cercidiphyllaceae to 583.44,

Eucommiaceae to 583.942, Leitneria (recently recognised

as a genus in Simaroubaceae) to 583.786.

583.44 Saxifragales

I added a relocation of Myrothamnaceae to 583.42 (it was

shown implicitly at 583.42, but not at 583.44).

―Ironwood‖ can refer to many different species, and I’m not

sure which one is intended here. I’ve dropped it from the

Including note.

583.45 Urticales

While part of Rosales, this group is monophyletic. I am

suggesting a three-way expansion below of 583.73 Rosales,

so for the time being I’m relocating this clade to 583.738.

If my suggestion for an expansion at 583.73 is not accepted,

it can be integrated into 583.73.

583.47 Santalales and Berberidopsidales

There’s a coding problem here: the 153/j subfield is not

repeatable, so this is treated as an error:

153 ## $a 583.47 $e 583.4 $g * $j Santalales $i [formerly

$x 583.88 $i ] $j and Berberidopsidales

I looked to see if I could find a similar example in the

DDC23 database, and found this:

153 ## $a 697.95 $c 697.98 $e 697.9 $j Air-conditioning

in specific types of buildings $i [formerly $x

697.935 $c 697.938 $i ]; heating, ventilation in

specific types of buildings $9 ess=en $9 ess=eh

$9 ess=nrl

That’s a problem, because ―heating, ventilation in specific

types of buildings‖ is part of the caption and so should be in

a $j subfield. There are probably others like this: it’s hard

to search for them.

We are already breaking the MARC format by having 153/I

and 153/x subfields: we should change our local rules and

allow repeated 153/j subfields as well.

583.5 Caryophyllales

I’ve added a variant name ―Centrospermae‖ – it is in 151

titles in WorldCat, including some recent ones, and it’s a

close synonym of Caryophyllales.

As far as I can see, the deprecated order ―Theligonales

(Cynocrambales)‖ comes down to one genus, Theligonum

(synonym Cynocrambe), which is relocated to 583.93.

Although Cuénoud et al. (2001) provides a nice diagram of

relationships within Caryophyllales based on DNA

analysis, I’m not sure that it’s the last word on the

taxonomy. What I am proposing is relatively conservative:

Provide in 583.53 for families that Britannica or

Takhtajan (1969) assign to Caryophyllales. This

clade approximates what Cuénoud et al. (2001)

describe as ―core Caryophyllales‖, with the

exception of Cactaceae [which is in its own order

Cactales in Britannica or Takhtajan (1969), but

which is found to be closely related to Portulaceae

in Cuénoud et al. (2001)].

Let 583.56 and 583.57 stand as they are.

However, in the future 583.57 Polygonaceae might

be enlarged by adding Plumbaginaceae,

10

Frankeniaceae and Tamaricaceae, which I’ve put

in standing room at 583.5 for the time being.

Expand at 583.58 for the clade consisting of the

carnivorous plants Dioncophyllaceae, Droseraceae,

Drosophyllaceae, Nepenthaceae and

Triphyophyllaceae, together with the

noncarnivorous plants in the family

Ancistrocladaceae. This is mostly a relocation

from 583.75 Nepenthales, and would be the place

for comprehensive works on carnivorous plants.

583.53 Caryophyllaceae and related families

Chenopodiaceae are now included in the family

Amaranthaceae, but I’ve left them in the Including note.

I’ve added to the Including note Basellaceae and

Didiereaceae (from v. 13, pp. 634-635 of Britannica), and

Achatocarpaceae, Barbeuiaceae, Molluginaceae,

Stegnospermataceae (from p. 213-214 of Takhtajan, 1969).

It’s important to clarify the scope of this number, given the

caption. We may need to add other families here.

583.57 Polygonaceae (buckwheat family)

I’ve dropped ―and related families‖ from the caption.

However, as mentioned above, it might make sense to

include Plumbaginaceae, Frankeniaceae and Tamaricaceae

here.

583.58 Nepenthaceae and related families

As proposed above, a new number for Ancistrocladaceae,

Dioncophyllaceae, Droseraceae, Drosophyllaceae,

Nepenthaceae, Triphyophyllaceae, and comprehensive

works on carnivorous plants.

583.6 Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales

Sphaerosepalaceae (mentioned in RI) expanded to 583.68

583.62 Miscellaneous orders of Dilleniidae

In Britannica and in Takhtajan (1969), Dilleniales contains

two families, Dilleniaceae and Crossosomataceae (not

Paeoniaceae). Crossosomataceae are relocated to 583.782.

583.624 Theales

Ancistrocladaceae are relocated to the new number 583.58.

Asteropeiaceae are relocated to standing room at 583.5.

Bonnetiaceae, Caryocaraceae, Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) are

relocated to 583.83

Diegodendraceae are relocated to 583.68

Dioncophyllaceae are relocated to the new number 583.58

Dipterocarpaceae are relocated to 583.68

Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Lophiraceae are relocated to

583.83

Marcgraviaceae are relocated to 583.975

Medusagynaceae and Ochnaceae are relocated to 583.83

Oncothecaceae are relocated to 583.94

Pellicieraceae and Pentaphylacaceae are relocated to

583.975

Quiinaceae are relocated to 583.83

Strasburgeriaceae are relocated to 583.782

Ternstroemiaceae, Tetrameristaceae and Theaceae are

relocated to 583.975

583.625 Violales

Annatto tree

583.138 583.625 583.68

Bixaceae, Cistaceae, Cochlospermaceae are relocated

to 583.68

Flacourtiaceae has been deprecated as a family, and the

approximately 70 to 90 genera that used to belong to it are

scattered among six families, principally Salicaceae and

Achariaceae, both of which are proposed to be in 583.83

Malpighiales. I’m therefore relocating it to 583.83, and

adding an editorial note to delete Flacourtiaceae from the

Including note in the next edition. The other possible

action would be to relocate it tribe by tribe according to the

list in Takhtajan (1997), pp. 203-204, or even genus by

genus. I don’t think that’s worth doing.

Lacistemataceae are relocated to 583.83

Peridiscaceae are relocated to 583.44

Scyphostegiaceae are relocated to 583.83

Stachyuraceae are relocated to 583.782

Violaceae are relocated to 583.83

583.626 Passiflorales

The family Caricaceae is relocated to 583.64, while other

families are relocated to 583.83

583.674 and 583.675 Ebenales and Primulales

These are relocated to 587.975 Ericales, not to 583.94

583.68 Malvales

The family Bombacaceae and the genus Tilia are now part

of Malvaceae, so are expanded to 583.685.

583.7 Rosids

I also added see references to 583.6 Cucurbitales,

Brassicales, Malvales and to 583.8 Other orders of rosids.

There’s not likely to be a lot of literary warrant, but I

provided for eurosids, Fabidae and Malvidae here.

583.72 Saxifragales

Pittosporaceae is relocated to 583.988 (Apiales), not to

583.98.

Added relocations: Brunelliaceae to 583.825; Bruniaceae to

583.985 (was already given at other end); Cephalotaceae

and Cunoniaceae to 583.825; Escalloniaceae to 583.984

(was already implied at other end); Francoaceae (RI entry)

to 583.79; Parnassiaceae and brexias to 583.85

11

583.73 Rosales

Recent research (Zhang et al., 2011) suggests that Rosales

consists of three monophyletic groups: Rosaceae, and two

unnamed clades each containing four families. In the light

of the literary warrant for this large order, and in the light of

the existing provision for the genus Rosa, I suggest an

expansion here:

583.732 Rosaceae

583.736 Barbeyaceae, Dirachmaceae,

Elaeagnaceae, Rhamnaceae

583.738 Cannabaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae,

Urticaceae (i.e., the deprecated order

Urticales, which was at 583.45)

There would be a see reference from 583.732 to 583.734

Rosa (Roses).

I’ve created a record for 583.738, since it’s essentially a

copy of the existing record at 583.45, but not for 583.732

and 583.736.

583.74 Fabales (Leguminales)

I haven’t done it, but I strongly suggest an expansion for

Faboideae, to parallel the other two subfamilies of

Fabaceae,

583.76 Myrtales

Anisophylleaceae are relocated to 583.63; Lecythidaceae

are relocated to 583.975.

583.763 Rhizophoraceae and Sonneratiaceae

This number seems to have been created for comprehensive

works on mangroves. However, since Rhizophoraceae

needs to be relocated out of here to 583.83, and the two

genera in Sonneratiaceae are now part of Lythracea at

583.76, it should be reconsidered. The major families

containing mangroves are:

Acanthaceae – 583.96

Combretaceae – 583.76

Arecaceae – 584.5

Rhizophoraceae – 583.83

Lythraceae – 583.76

So 583.76 no longer predominates, and one family is in the

monocots. I suggest that we supply the built number

583.17698 for mangroves in the schedule, but I have not

implemented this yet.

583.77 Rutales

Coriariaceae relocated to 583.63; Stylobasium (in RI as

―Stylobasiaceae‖) relocated to 583.74; all the other families


583.78 Crossosomatales, Huertales, Picramniales, Sapindales

I have found two kinds of ―honey bush‖ (Cyclopia and

Melianthus major), neither of which belongs here. I have

dropped it from the Including note.

Greyiaceae and Melianthaceae (two RI entries, merged by

APG into one family Melianthaceae) are relocated to

583.79.

583.79 Geraniales

Balsaminaceae are relocated to 583.975. Erythroxylaceae,

Hugoniaceae, Humiriaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae,

Malpighiaceae are relocated to 583.83. Oxalidaceae are

relocated to 583.825 (this was implicit at 583.825).

Tropaeolaceae are relocated to 583.64. (Tropaeolaceae are

called the nasturtium family, but the genus Nasturtium does

not belong to the family – it does however now belong to

the same order, and hence to the same Dewey number. We

should retain two RI entries under ―Nasturtium(s)‖ even

though they are the same number.) Zygophyllaceae are

relocated to 583.822 (this was implicit at 583.822).

583.82 Oxalidales and Zygophyllales

Elaeagnaceae are relocated to 583.73, not to the proposed

583.736.

Hippuridales (or Haloragales) in Taktajan, 1969, and in

Britannica, v. 9 p. 941, consists of three families,

Haloragaceae, Gunneraceae and Hippuridaceae.

Haloragaceae are relocated to 583.44. Gunneraceae are

relocated to 583.42. The one genus in Hippuridaceae, i.e.,

Hippuris, has been transferred to the family Plantaginaceae,

now at 583.96.

583.83 Malpighiales

This is a very large class, with potential for expansion.

However, relationships based on DNA analysis are not yet

clear enough to propose an expansion.

583.84 Malpighiales

Toricelliaceae is Torricelliaceae in APG III. I’ve preferred

the spelling with two r’s and relocated to 583.988.

583.849 Umbelliferae

Takhtajan (both 1969 and 1996) and APG prefer the name

Apiaceae for the family, so I changed the caption before

relocation. Since the family had its own Dewey number

previously, I’ve relocated to the new number 583.9882.

583.85 Celastrales

There is a relocation from here of Aextoxicaceae to

583.478. (It was a RI entry, not in the schedule.) There is a

relocation of Aquifoliaceae to 583.982.

583.88 Santalales

Some families in the RI but not in the present Including

note are relocated to places other than 583.47:

Cardiopteridaceae to 583.982; Dipentodontaceae to

583.788; Medusandraceae to 583.44; (a synonym of

Cardiopteridaceae) to 583.982; Myzodendraceae is now

called Misodendraceae – both forms should be EO in the RI

at 583.47.

583.89 Proteales

I can’t find ―Warataus‖ in any of my usual sources. I think

it might be a typo for ―Waratahs‖ – if so, it should be

deleted from the RI.

12

583.93 Gentianales

―Bog myrtle (buckbean)‖ and ―buckbeans‖ in the Including

note are Menyanthes trifoliata, in the family

Menyanthaceae, which APG puts into Asterales, so family

and species are relocated to 583.99.

583.94 Garryales and miscellaneous families of euasterids I

Convolvulaceae are relocated to 583.95. Polemoniaceae


583.95 Solanales

Acanthaceae, Bignoniaceae, Buddlejaceae are relocated to

583.96. Columelliaceae are relocated to 583.985.

Gesneriaceae, Globulariaceae are relocated to 583.96.

Hydrostachyaceae are relocated to 583.972.

Lentibulariaceae, Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, are

relocated to 583.96. Nolanaceae are expanded to 583.952

(where I put them in the variant-name note, since the term

is now a synonym of Solanaceae). Orobanchaceae,

Pedaliaceae, Plantaginaceae are relocated to 583.96.

Polemoniaceae are relocated to 583.97. Retziaceae,

Trapellaceae are relocated to 583.96.

The RI entry for Personales should either be deleted, or

moved as an EO entry to 583.96.

583.98 Euasterids II

This is immediate reuse of a number: none on the families

in Campanulales remain here. Sphenocleaceae are

relocated to 583.95.

584 Monocots

I’ve taken ―commelinids‖ out of the caption, since they are

monocots.

584.32 Liliales

I’ve moved comprehensive works on lilies to here from

584.3. The first three definitions of ―lily‖ in Webster's

Third New International Dictionary are for members of the

genus Lilium, the family Liliaceae and the order Liliales, all

of which are now here.

Aloes, day lilies are relocated to 584.35. Hostas (plantain

lilies) are relocated to 584.352. Bluebells, hyacinths,

lily of the valley are relocated to 584.355

584.35 Asparagales

Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae are relocated to 584.32.

Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae are relocated to 584.86.

Stemonaceae relocated to 584.6 (this was shown at 584.6).

Taccaceae relocated to 584.69.

584.3501-584.3509 Standard subdivisions

These numbers are now valid.

584.353 Alstroemeriaceae

What is the ―box lily‖? Apparently the Norwegian

translators had a problem with it, as can be seen in the

discussion on the NARGS Forum at

http://nargs.org/smf/index.php?topic=1249.0 – I have

dropped it from the relocated Including note.

584.355 Asparagaceae

Changed Ruscaceae to Nolinoideae (it’s now a subfamily of

Asparagaceae).

584.357 Dioscoreaceae (Yam family)

Relocated to 584.69. (This was implicit at 584.69.)

584.38 Iridaceae

Burmanniaceae are relocated to 584.69.

584.7 Alismatales, Acorales, Petrosaviales

I was wrong: ―Alismidae‖ is found in Takhtajan (1969), and

in Britannica, v. 13, p. 659 (it’s not in the index to

Britannica, because it doesn’t index anything in v. 13, pp.

628-664, making it very hard to look things up in the

taxonomy). However, Takhtajan (1997) has ―Alismatidae‖.

574.74 Other families of Alismatales

I’ve changed the caption here because listing all the

families is unwieldy here.

I think ―Zanichelliaceae‖ is a typo for ―Zannichelliaceae‖,

which is a synonym of Potamogetonaceae.

584.8 Commelinids

Restionales is deprecated, with three families

(Centrolepidaceae, Flagellariaceae and Restionaceae) now

belonging to 584.9 Poales, and Hanguanaceae belonging to

Commelinales.

REFERENCES

Britannica: The New Encyclopædia Britannica. 15th

edition. (Especially the annotated classification of

angiosperms, v. 13, pp. 628-664.) (The copy I was using

was the 1987 printing.)

Cuénoud et al. (2001): Philippe Cuénoud, Vincent

Savolainen, Lars W. Chatrou, Martyn Powell, Renée J.

Grayer, and Mark W. Chase. "Molecular phylogenetics of

Caryophyllales based on nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid

rbcL, atpB, and matK DNA sequences", American Journal

of Botany 89 (1): 132.

(http://www.amjbot.org/content/89/1/132.full.pdf+html )

Takhtajan (1969): Armen Takhtajan. Flowering plants,

origin and dispersal. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.

Takhtajan (1997): Armen Takhtajan. Diversity and

classification of flowering plants. New York: Columbia

University Press.

Zhang et al. (2011): Shu-dong Zhang, Douglas E. Soltis,

Yang Yang, De-zhu Li, and Ting-shuang Yi. "Multi-gene

analysis provides a well-supported phylogeny of Rosales".

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60(1):21-28. (

http://ir.kib.ac.cn:8080/bitstream/151853/11247/1/2011090

70014.PDF )

http://nargs.org/smf/index.php?topic=1249.0

http://www.amjbot.org/content/89/1/132.full.pdf+html

http://ir.kib.ac.cn:8080/bitstream/151853/11247/1/201109070014.PDF

http://ir.kib.ac.cn:8080/bitstream/151853/11247/1/201109070014.PDF

13

Bare bones version of proposed development

583 *Eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms

For monocots, see 584

.2 *Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms

> 583.22–583.25 Magnoliids

Class comprehensive works in 583.2

.22 *Magnoliales

.23 *Laurales

Including comprehensive works on laurels

For laurels of Ericaceae family, see 583.975; for spurge laurel, see 583.68;

for hedge laurel, see 583.988

.24 *Canellales

.25 *Piperales

.28 *Ceratophyllales

.29 *Basal angiosperms

.292 *Amborellales

.294 *Nymphaeales

.296 *Austrobaileyales

.298 *Chloranthales

> 583.3–583.9 Eudicots

Class comprehensive works in 583

.3 *Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales

.34 *Ranunculales (Ranales)

For Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae, see 583.35

.35 *Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae

.37 *Sabiaceae

.38 *Proteales

.39 *Trochodendrales and Buxales

.393 *Trochodendrales

.395 *Buxales

> 583.4–583.9 Core eudicots


14

.4 *Fagales and miscellaneous core eudicots

.42 *Gunnerales

.43 *Dilleniaceae

.44 *Saxifragales

.46 *Fagales

Including comprehensive works on ironwoods

For ironwoods of a specific order or family other then Fagales, see the order

or family, e.g., ironwoods of family Rhamnaceae 583.73

.47 *Santalales and Berberidopsidales

.478 *Berberidopsidales

.5 *Caryophyllales

.53 *Caryophyllaceae and related families

.56 *Cactaceae (Cactus family)

.57 *Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family)

.58 *Nepenthaceae and related families

Including comprehensive works on pitcher plants

Class here comprehensive works on carnivorous plants

For Cephalotaceae, see 583.825; for Byblidaceae,,Lentibulariaceae, see

583.96; for Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plants), see 583.975

.6 *Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales

.63 *Cucurbitales

.64 *Brassicales

.68 *Malvales

.685 *Malvaceae (Mallow family)

.7 *Rosids

For Fagales, see 583.46; for Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales, see 583.6; for

other orders of rosids, see 583.8

.73 *Rosales

.734 *Rosa (Roses)

15

.738 *Urticaceae (Nettle family), Cannabaceae (Hemp family), Moraceae (Mulberry

family), Ulmaceae (Elm family)

Including comprehensive works on hemps

For hemps of a specific family other than Cannabaceae, see the family,

e.g., aloe and sisil hemps 584.352

.74 *Fabales (Leguminales)

.748 *Mimosoideae (Mimosa subfamily)

.749 *Caesalpinioideae (Senna subfamily)

.76 *Myrtales

.763 *Duabanga and Sonneratia

Class here comprehensive works on mangroves

For mangroves of family Rhizophoraceae, see 583.83; for mangroves of

family Verbenaceae, see 583.96; for mangrove of family Arecaceae (nipa

palm), see 584.5

.765 *Myrtaceae (Myrtle family)

Including comprehensive works on myrtles

For Eucalyptus, see 583.766. For myrtle of a specific family other than

Myrtaceae, see the family, e.g., Oregon myrtle 583.23, wax myrtle 583.46,

crape myrtle 583.76

.766 *Eucalyptus (Gum trees)

.78 *Crossosomatales, Huerteales, Picramniales, Sapindales

.782 *Crossosomatales

.786 *Sapindales

Including comprehensive works on balms

For balm of a specific family other than Burseraceae, see the family, e.g.,

bee balms 583.96

.788 *Huerteales

.79 *Geraniales

.8 Other orders of rosids

.82 *Oxalidales and Zygophyllales

.822 *Zygophyllales

.825 *Oxalidales

.83 *Malpighiales

.85 *Celastrales

16

.86 *Vitales

.87 *Oleales

.9 *Asterids

.92 *Dipsacales

> 583.93–583.96 Euasterids I


.93 *Gentianales

.94 *Garryales and miscellaneous families of euasterids I

.942 *Garryales

.95 *Solanales

.952 *Solanaceae

Including comprehensive works on peppers

For pepper of Piperaceae family, see 583.25

.96 *Lamiales

.97 *Cornales and Ericales

.972 *Cornales

.975 *Ericales

.98 *Euasterids II

For Dipsacales, see 583.92; for Asterales, see 583.99

.982 *Aquifoliales

.984 *Escalloniales

.985 *Bruniales

.986 *Paracryphiales

.988 *Apiales

Including comprehensive works on ivies

For ivies of a specific family other than Araliaceae, see the family, e.g.,

poison ivies 583.786

.988 2 *Apiaceae

.99 *Asterales

17

584 *Monocots

.3 *Liliales, Asparagales, Zingiberales

.32 *Liliales

Class here comprehensive works on lilies

For a specific lily not provided for here , see the lily, e.g., African lilies

584.33, Velloziaceae (tree lily family) 584.6, calla lilies 584.724

.322 *Liliaceae (Lily family)

.324 *Alstroemeriaceae

.326 *Smilacaceae

.33 *Allioideae

.34 *Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis family)

For Allioideae, see 584.33

.35 *Asparagales

For Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis family), see 584.34; for Iridaceae (iris family),

see 584.38; for Orchidaceae (orchid family), see 584.4

.352 *Agavoideae

.354 *Hypoxidaceae

.355 *Asparagaceae

For Agavoideae, see 584.352

.38 *Iridaceae (iris family)

.39 *Zingiberales

.4 *Orchidaceae (orchid family)

.5 *Arecales (Palmales)

.6 *Pandanales and Dioscoreales

.62 *Cyclanthaceae

.66 *Pandanaceae (Hala family)

.69 *Dioscoreales

.7 *Alismatales (Alismales), Acorales, Petrosaviales

> 584.72–584.74 Alismatales (Alismales)

Class comprehensive works on Alismatales (Alismales) in 584.7

.72 *Araceae, Alismataceae (Alismaceae, Limnocharitaceae, water plantain family),

Butomaceae (Water poppy family), Tofieldiaceae

.724 *Araceae (Arum family)

18

.73 *Hydrocharitaceae (Frogbit family)

.74 *Other families of Alismatales

.742 *Potamogetonaceae (Zannichelliaceae, pondweed family)

.78 *Acorales

.79 *Petrosaviales

.8 *Commelinids

For Arecales (Palmales), see 584.5; for Poales, see 584.9

.82 *Juncaceae (Rush family) and Thurniaceae

Class here comprehensive works on rushes

For rushes of sedge family, see 584.84; for rushes of cattail family, see 584.9

.84 *Cyperaceae (Sedge family)

Including comprehensive works on bulrushes

For bulrushes of cattail family, see 584.9

.85 *Bromeliaceae (Pineapple family)

.86 *Commelinales

.87 *Eriocaulaceae (Pipewort family)

.9 *Poales

For Juncaceae (rush family), Thurniaceae, see 584.82; for Cyperaceae (sedge

family), see 584.84; for Bromeliaceae (pineapple family), see 584.85; for

Eriocaulaceae (pipewort family), see 584.87

.92 *Poaceae (Gramineae)

.922 *Bambusoideae

.924 *Panicoideae

.926 *Pooideae

Biology 579

19

579–590

Taxonomic nomenclature and sources of information

Taxonomic nomenclature

The notes below mention several of the commonly recognized taxonomic levels usedin classifying organisms. The broadest is kingdom, followed (in order of increasingspecificity) by phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, species.

In the schedules for specific kinds of organisms, scientific terms are preferred in head-ings for taxonomic numbers below the kingdom level. If there is an alternative scientificname still in current use, it is given in the heading in parentheses following the preferredterm. If there are two or more alternative scientific names in current use, the preferredterm is given in the heading, and the alternative names are given in a variant-name note.For example, Mycetozoa, Myxomycetes, Myxomycophyta, Myxomycota are given asvariant names for Myxomycotina (slime molds) at 579.52. Most obsolete names havebeen dropped. If a common name is well established in the literature but does not havea clear-cut corresponding scientific term (or terms), the common name may be usedalone, e.g., 598.412–.415 Ducks.

A scientific name given in a class-here note is usually that of a subordinate taxon thatcomprises all or most of the members of the group in the heading. For example, under583.86 Vitales, the class here note gives Vitaceae (grape family), the only family in theorder.

Common names are linked to scientific names by parentheses when they are generallyunderstood to be exact equivalents. When two common names are linked to a scientif-ic name, a comma between them means that they are alternative common names, e.g.,“(doves, pigeons)“ after Columbidae in the class-here note at 598.65. An ”and“ meansthat the two groups with common names together comprise the scientific group, e.g.,”(poplars and aspens)“ after Populus in the including note at 583.83. Common namesthat simply refer to well-known members of a scientific class, however, are listed al-phabetically in an including note.

With plants (and occasionally with animals), the familiar name for families consists ofthe name of a typical member or members plus the word “family,” e.g., Ranunculaceae(buttercup family) at 583.34. The typical member may be a single species or a largegenus with hundreds of species, but seldom approximates the whole of the family. Clas-sifiers must not assume that if the family approximates the whole of an order, the typicalmembers do also.

An illustration of two terminology problems appears at 583.23 Laurales. The main fam-ily of this order is Lauraceae, the laurel family, which encompasses over 85 percent ofthe species of the order. The family is therefore given in a class here note, signifyingthat subdivisions can be added to the number for works on the family because it approx-imates the whole of the order.

Only a few species of the laurel family, however, are individually known as laurels,while several plants of other orders are also called laurels. Since it is useful to knowwhere to class comprehensive works on laurels, the including note reads, in part: “In-cluding ... comprehensive works on laurels.” Being listed in an including note meansthat laurels (even in its broadest sense encompassing all plants called laurels) do notapproximate the whole of the 2800 species in the order Laurales.

579 Manual on Use of Dewey Decimal Classification

20

Some large classes of organisms have two including notes, for classifier convenience.The first including note lists the scientific names of families or higher taxa and theircorresponding common names, the second the common names that do not correspondwith the given scientific names. Genera are listed with the common names because somany have become common names.

Sources of taxonomic information

Taxonomic schedules usually follow the arrangement accepted in The New Encyclopae-dia Britannica, 1989. Other works that often prove helpful are Synopsis and Classifica-tion of Living Organisms edited by Sybil P. Parker (McGraw-Hill, 1982), and Webster’sThird New International Dictionary.

See also discussion at 579.24–.25; also at 579.3; also at 599.

583–584

Classification and common names of angiosperms (Flowering plants)

The subdivisions of angiosperms (flowering plants) in 583–584 are defined by referenceto the article “An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for theorders and families of flowering plants: APG III” in Botanical Journal of the LinneanSociety 161 (2009): 105–121, but the basic outline from early editions of the DeweyDecimal Classification is retained.

Exercise caution in identifying orders and families of flowering plants by commonnames; many such names are used for plants in several unrelated taxonomic groups.Notes in the schedule linking the common names are not exhaustive.

583 vs. 582.13

Angiosperms (Flowering plants) vs. Plants noted for their flowers

Use 583 for works on the taxonomic group called “flowering plants,” as found in583–584. This group includes most plants that will be found in a typical vegetable gar-den. Use 582.13 for works largely limited to nondomesticated plants with attractiveflowers. These are the kind of plants that are found in nature, but that might also find aplace in flower gardens or flower books. If in doubt, prefer 583.

21

500

500 Natural sciences and mathematicsNatural sciences: sciences that deal with matter and energy, or with objects andprocesses observable in nature

Class here interdisciplinary works on natural and applied sciences

Class natural history in 508. Class scientific principles of a subject with the subject,plus notation 015 from Table 1, e.g., scientific principles of photography 770.15

For government policy on science, see 338.926; for applied sciences, see 600

See Manual at 231.7652 vs. 213, 500, 576.8; also at 338.926 vs. 352.745, 500;also at 500 vs. 001

SUMMARY

500.2–.8 [Physical sciences, space sciences, groups of people]501 Philosophy and theory502 Miscellany503–506 Standard subdivisions507 Education, research, related topics508 Natural history509 History, geographic treatment, biography

510 Mathematics.1 Philosophy and theory

511 General principles of mathematics512 Algebra513 Arithmetic514 Topology515 Analysis516 Geometry518 Numerical analysis519 Probabilities and applied mathematics

520 Astronomy and allied sciences521 Celestial mechanics522 Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials523 Specific celestial bodies and phenomena525 Earth (Astronomical geography)526 Mathematical geography527 Celestial navigation528 Ephemerides529 Chronology

500 Dewey Decimal Classification 500

22

530 Physics.01–.09 Standard subdivisions.1–.8 [Theories, mathematical physics, states of matter, instrumentation,

measurement]531 Classical mechanics532 Fluid mechanics533 Pneumatics (Gas mechanics)534 Sound and related vibrations535 Light and related radiation536 Heat537 Electricity and electronics538 Magnetism539 Modern physics

540 Chemistry and allied sciences.1–.9 Standard subdivisions

541 Physical chemistry542 Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials543 Analytical chemistry546 Inorganic chemistry547 Organic chemistry548 Crystallography549 Mineralogy

550 Earth sciences551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology552 Petrology553 Economic geology554–559 Earth sciences by specific continents, countries, localities in modern world;

extraterrestrial worlds

560 Paleontology.1–.9 Standard subdivisions; stratigraphic paleontology; special topics of

paleontology and paleozoology561 Paleobotany; fossil microorganisms562 Fossil invertebrates563 Miscellaneous fossil marine and seashore invertebrates564 Fossil Mollusca and Molluscoidea565 Fossil Arthropoda566 Fossil Chordata567 Fossil cold-blooded vertebrates568 Fossil Aves (birds)569 Fossil Mammalia

570 Biology.1–.9 Standard subdivisions

571 Physiology and related subjects572 Biochemistry573 Specific physiological systems in animals, regional histology and physiology

in animals575 Specific parts of and physiological systems in plants576 Genetics and evolution577 Ecology578 Natural history of organisms and related subjects579 Natural history of microorganisms, fungi, algae

500 Natural sciences and mathematics 500

23

580 Plants.1–.9 Standard subdivisions

581 Specific topics in natural history of plants582 Plants noted for specific vegetative characteristics and flowers583 Eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms584 Monocots585 Pinophyta (Gymnosperms)586 Cryptogamia (Seedless plants)587 Pteridophyta588 Bryophyta

590 Animals.1–.9 Standard subdivisions

591 Specific topics in natural history of animals592 Invertebrates593 Miscellaneous marine and seashore invertebrates594 Mollusca and Molluscoidea595 Arthropoda596 Chordata597 Cold-blooded vertebrates598 Aves (Birds)599 Mammalia (Mammals)

561 Paleobotany; fossil microorganismsStandard subdivisions are added for paleobotany and fossil microorganismstogether, for paleobotany alone

Including plantlike fossils of uncertain taxonomic position

Class here fossil Spermatophyta, Angiospermae; taxonomic paleobotany

Class fernlike fossils of uncertain taxonomic position in 561.597

> 561.3–561.9 Specific plants and groups of plants


.3 Fossil eudicots, fossil magnoliids, fossil Ceratophyllales, fossil basalangiosperms

Former heading: Fossil Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)

Class here fossil angiosperms (flowering plants), fossil core eudicots

For fossil monocots, see 581.4

.4 Fossil monocots

Former heading: Fossil Liliopsida (monocotyledons)

571 Physiology and related subjectsStandard subdivisions are added for physiology and related subjects, for physiologyalone

Class here comprehensive works on internal biological processes

For biochemistry, see 572; for specific physiological systems in animals,regional histology and physiology in animals, see 573; for specific parts of andphysiological systems in plants, see 575; for genetics, see 576.5

See Manual at 571–575 vs. 630


24

.2 Plants and microorganisms

Standard subdivisions are added for plants and microorganisms together, forplants alone

Class here comparative physiology of plants and microorganisms, physiology ofagricultural plants

Class comprehensive works on plants in 580

.21–.28 Specific kinds of plants

Add to base number 571.2 the numbers following 58 in 581–588, e.g.,aquatic plants 571.2176, monocots 571.24

For physiology of fungi, see 571.295; for physiology of algae, see571.298

575 Specific parts of and physiological systems in plantsExcept for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivisionidentified by † as follows:

2 Specific kinds of plantsClass here comparative physiology, evolution of the part or systemAdd to 2 the numbers following 58 in 581–588, e.g., monocots 24

For physiological systems in fungi and algae, see 571; for specificparts of fungi and algae, see 571.5929

For external description of parts and organs and their configurations, see 581.4

> 575.6–575.9 Reproductive organs and physiological systems in plants

Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivisionidentified by * as follows:

2–3 Specific kinds of plants; generalities of organs and systemsAdd as instructed under 575, e.g., the organ or process in monocots24, histology 35

42 Biochemistry in specific kinds of plantsAdd to 42 the numbers following 58 in 581–588, e.g.,biochemistry of the organ or process in monocots 42


.9 *Animal-like physiological processes

Class here behavior of plants

.99 *Physiology of predatory activity

Trapping mobile organisms

Class comprehensive works on carnivorous plants in 583.58

*

*Add as instructed under 575.6–575.9

577 Natural sciences and mathematics 577

25

577 EcologyIncluding ecotones

Class here biomes, ecosystems, terrestrial ecology

Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivisionidentified by * as follows:

Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or moresubdivisions of 577 in the number coming last, e.g., grassland swamps 577.684(not 577.4)

For paleoecology, see 560.45; for ecology of microorganisms, fungi, algae, see579.17; for plant ecology, see 581.7; for animal ecology, see 591.7

See Manual at 333.7–333.9 vs. 363.1, 363.73, 577; also at 577.3–577.7 vs.578.73–578.77

.8 Synecology and population biology

Standard subdivisions are added for synecology and population biologytogether, for synecology alone

Class here ecological aspects of sociobiology, animal-plant relationships

Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivisionidentified by † as follows:

Class ecological succession in 577.18; class rhizosphere in 577.57; classbehavioral aspects of sociobiology in 591.5; class predation in 591.53; classcomprehensive works on synecology of a specific environment in 577.3–577.7;class interdisciplinary works on sociobiology in 304.5. Class a generalrelationship between a small taxonomic group and a larger taxonomic groupwith the smaller group, e.g., plant-microbial relationships 579.178 (not 581.78),relationships between mushrooms and eudicots 579.6178 (not 583.178),between ferns and flowering plants 587.3178 (not 583.178)

580 PlantsClass here botany; Embryophyta, vascular plants (tracheophytes), Spermatophyta(seed plants); natural history of plants; descriptive biology of plants; taxonomicbiology of plants; comprehensive works on biology of plants; interdisciplinaryworks on plants

Class angiosperms (flowering plants) in 583; class interdisciplinary works onplants of agricultural importance in 630; class interdisciplinary works on food fromplants in 641.303

For paleobotany, see 561; for internal biological processes and structuresof plants, see 571.2; for fungi, see 579.5; for algae, see 579.8. For a specificaspect of plants, see the aspect, e.g., plant cultivation 631.5

See Manual at 363 vs. 302–307, 333.7, 570–590, 600; also at 577.3–577.7vs. 579–590; also at 579–590; also at 579–590 vs. 571–575; also at 630 vs.579–590, 641.3


26

SUMMARY

580.1–.9 Standard subdivisions581 Specific topics in natural history of plants582 Plants noted for specific vegetative characteristics and flowers583 Eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms584 Monocots585 Pinophyta (Gymnosperms)586 Cryptogamia (Seedless plants)587 Pteridophyta588 Bryophyta

581 Specific topics in natural history of plantsClass here specific nontaxonomic kinds of plants

Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivisionidentified by † as follows:

01–08 Standard subdivisionsNotation from Table 1 as modified under 580.1–580.8, e.g.,preservation of botanical specimens 0752

09 History, geographic treatment, biographyUnless other instructions are given, observe the following table of preference, e.g.,beneficial aquatic plants 581.63 (not 581.76):

Miscellaneous nontaxonomic kinds of plants 581.6Adaptation 581.4Genetics, evolution, age characteristics 581.3Plant ecology, plants characteristic of specific

environments 581.7Plants by specific continents, countries, localities 581.9

Class a specific topic in natural history of plants with respect to a specifictaxonomic group with the group, plus notation 1 from table under 583–588, e.g.,useful monocots 584.163

For plants noted for specific vegetative characteristics and flowers, see 582

.6 †Miscellaneous nontaxonomic kinds of plants

Not provided for elsewhere

Class here economic botany


582 Plants noted for specific vegetative characteristics andflowers

Class genetics and evolution, adaptation and parts other than flowers,miscellaneous kinds of plants noted for vegetative characteristics and flowers in581

For a specific taxonomic group of plants noted for either specific vegetativecharacteristics or flowers, see the group in 583–588, e.g., lilies noted for theirflowers 584.32

†

†Add standard subdivisions as instructed under 581

582 Plants 582

27

.13 ‡Plants noted for their flowers

Class here wild flowers, interdisciplinary works on flowers

Class woody plants noted for their flowers in 582.16; class vines notedfor their flowers in 582.18; class comprehensive works on angiosperms(flowering plants) in 583

For physiology of flowers, see 575.6. For a specific aspect of flowers, seethe aspect, e.g., flower gardening 635.9, flower arrangement 745.92

See Manual at 583 vs. 582.13

> 583–588 Specific taxonomic groups of plantsExcept for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivisionidentified by * as follows:


583 *Eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiospermsFormer heading: Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)

Subdivisions are added for eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basalangiosperms together; for eudicots alone

Class here angiosperms (flowering plants), core eudicots

For monocots, see 584

See Manual at 583–585 vs. 600; also at 583–584; also at 583 vs. 582.13

SUMMARY

583.2 Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms.3 Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales.4 Miscellaneous core eudicots.5 Caryophyllales.6 Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales.7 Rosids.8 Other orders of rosids.9 Asterids

.2 *Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms

Former heading: Magnoliidae

Subdivisions are added for magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiospermstogether; for magnoliids alone

Cytinaceae relocated to 583.68; Rafflesiaceae relocated to 583.83

> 583.22–583.25 Magnoliids


*

*Add as instructed under 583–588‡

‡Add as instructed under 582.1


28

.22 *Magnoliales

Including Magnoliaceae (magnolia family), Annonaceae (custard applefamily), Myristicaceae (nutmeg family)

Including cherimoya, cucumber tree, lancewoods, mace, michelias, papaws,tulip tree (yellow poplar)

See also 583.64 for papaws of family Caricaceae

Canellaceae, Winteraceae (winter’s bark family), wild cinnamon relocated to583.24

.23 *Laurales

Including Hernandiaceae, Monimiaceae

Including avocados, cinnamon, Oregon myrtle (California laurel), sassafras,sweet bay (bay laurel); comprehensive works on laurels

Class here Lauraceae (laurel family)

Class comprehensive works on myrtles in 583.765

For spurge laurel, see 583.68; for laurels of Ericaceae family, see583.975; for hedge laurel, see 583.988

See Manual at 579–590

Amborellaceae relocated to 583.292; Austrobaileyaceae relocated to583.296; Chloranthaceae relocated to 583.298

.24 *Canellales

Including Canellaceae, Winteraceae (winter’s bark family) [both formerly583.22]

Including wild cinnamon [formerly 583.22]

.25 *Piperales

Including Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family) [formerly 583.26],Saururaceae (lizard’s-tail family); black pepper, peperomias

Aristolochiaceae are sometimes classed as Aristolochiales [formerly 583.26]

Class here Piperaceae (pepper family)

Class comprehensive works on peppers in 583.952

[.26] Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort family)

Former heading: Aristolochiales

Relocated to 583.25

.28 *Ceratophyllales

Class here Ceratophyllaceae (hornworts) [formerly 583.29]

See also 588.3 for hornworts of subclass Anthocerotidae (hornedliverworts)

*


583 Plants 583

29

.29 *Basal angiosperms

Ceratophyllaceae (hornworts) relocated to 583.28

.292 *Amborellales

Class here Amborellaceae [formerly 583.23]

.294 *Nymphaeales

Including Cabombaceae, Hydatellaceae, Nymphaeaceae (water lilies)

Class Nelumbonaceae (lotuses) in 583.38

.296 *Austrobaileyales

Including Austrobaileyaceae [formerly 583.23], Illiciaceae,Schisandraceae [both formerly 583.3], Trimeniaceae

Including magnolia vine, star anise [both formerly 583.3]

.298 *Chloranthales

Class here Chloranthaceae [formerly 583.23]

> 583.3–583.9 Eudicots


.3 *Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales

Former heading: Ranunculidae

Illiciaceae, Schisandraceae, magnolia vine, star anise relocated to 583.296

.34 *Ranunculales (Ranales)

Including Eupteleaceae [formerly 583.43], Ranunculaceae (buttercupfamily), Berberidaceae (barberry family), Menispermaceae (moonseedfamily), Podophyllaceae

Including aconites, anemones, Christmas rose, clematises, columbines,delphiniums (larkspurs), hellebores, lesser celandine, mayapple (mayflower,mandrake), monkshoods (wolfsbanes)

For Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae, see 583.35

See also 583.952 for mandrakes of family Solanaceae

*



30

.35 *Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae

Former heading: Papaverales (Rhoeadales)

Variant name for Papaveraceae: poppy family

Variant name for Fumariaceae: fumitory family

Including bleeding hearts, bloodroot, celandines, Dutchman’s breeches

Class Moringaceae in 583.64

See also 583.34 for lesser celandine

[.36] Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plant family)

Former heading: Sarraceniales

Relocated to 583.975

.37 *Sabiaceae [formerly 583.78]

.38 *Proteales [formerly 583.89]

Including Platanaceae (sycamore family) [formerly 583.44], Nelumbonaceae(lotuses)

Including plane trees [formerly 583.44], banksias, grevilleas, hakeas,macadamias, Persoonia, proteas, Telopea (waratahs) [all formerly 583.89]

Class here Proteaceae

.39 *Trochodendrales and Buxales

.393 *Trochodendrales [formerly 583.43]

.395 *Buxales

Including Didymelaceae [formerly 583.43], Buxaceae (boxwood family)[formerly 583.69]

> 583.4–583.9 Core eudicots


.4 *Miscellaneous core eudicots

Former heading: Hamamelididae

Only those provided for below

.42 *Gunnerales

Including Myrothamnaceae [formerly 583.44], Gunneraceae [formerly583.82]

Including gunneras [formerly 583.82]

*


583 Plants 583

31

.43 *Dilleniaceae [formerly 583.62]

Former heading: Minor orders of Hamamelididae

Eupteleaceae relocated to 583.34; Trochodendrales relocated to 583.393;Didymelaceae relocated to 583.395; Cercidiphyllaceae (katsura trees)relocated to 583.44; Casuarinaceae (beefwoods), Myricaceae (waxmyrtles), bayberries, candleberry, sweet gale (bog myrtle) relocated to583.46; Barbeyaceae relocated to 583.73; Leitneria relocated to 583.786;Balanopaceae relocated to 583.83; Eucommiaceae relocated to 583.942

.44 *Saxifragales [formerly 583.72]

Former heading: Hamamelidales

Including Cercidiphyllaceae (katsura trees) [formerly 583.43], Paeoniaceae(peony family) [formerly 583.62], Peridiscaceae [formerly 583.625],Saxifragaceae (saxifrage family), Crassulaceae, Grossulariaceae (gooseberryfamily) [all formerly 583.72], Medusandraceae [formerly 583.88],Hamamelidaceae (witch hazel family)

Including currants, houseleeks (live-forevers), pickaback plants, Ribes,stonecrops (orpines, sedums), Virginia willow [all formerly 583.72], sweetgums

Platanaceae (sycamore family), plane trees relocated to 583.38;Myrothamnaceae relocated to 583.42

[.45] Urticaceae (Nettle family), Cannabaceae (Hemp family), Moraceae(Mulberry family), Ulmaceae (Elm family)

Former heading: Urticales


.46 *Fagales

Including Casuarinaceae (beefwoods), Myricaceae (wax myrtles) [bothformerly 583.43], Betulaceae (birch family) [formerly 583.48], Juglandaceae(walnut family) [formerly 583.49], Castaneoideae (chestnuts), Fagoideae(beeches), Quercoideae (oaks)

Casuarinaceae are sometimes classed as Casuarinales [formerly 583.43];Myricaceae are sometimes classed as Myricales [formerly 583.43];Betulaceae are sometimes classed as Betulales [formerly 583.48];Juglandaceae are sometimes classed as Juglandales [formerly 583.49]

Including bayberries, candleberry, sweet gale (bog myrtle) [all formerly583.43], alders, filberts (hazelnuts), hornbeams, comprehensive works onironwoods [all formerly 583.48], butternuts, hickories, pecans [all formerly583.49], chinquapin, cork oak

Class here Fagaceae

Class Jamaica bayberry, comprehensive works on myrtles in 583.765

For ironwoods of a specific order or family other then Fagales, see theorder or family, e.g., ironwoods of family Rhamnaceae 583.73

See also 583.99 for bog myrtle (buckbean)

*



32

.47 *Santalales [formerly 583.88] and Berberidopsidales

Subdivisions are added for Santalales and Berberidopsidales together, forSantalales alone

Including Santalaceae (sandalwood family), Balanophoraceae, Loranthaceae(mistletoe family), Olacaceae, Opiliaceae, Viscaceae [all formerly 583.88]

.478 *Berberidopsidales

Including Aextoxicaceae [formerly 583.85]

[.48] Betulaceae (Birch family)

Former heading: Betulales

Relocated to 583.46

[.49] Juglandaceae (Walnut family)

Former heading: Juglandales

Relocated to 583.46

.5 *Caryophyllales

Former heading: Caryophyllidae

Variant name: Centrospermae

Including Asteropeiaceae [formerly 583.624], Frankeniaceae, Tamaricaceae(tamarisk family) [both formerly 583.628], Anacampserotaceae, Limeaceae,Plumbaginaceae (leadwort family)

Including alkali heath [formerly 583.628], sea lavenders, thrifts

Theligonum (Cynocrambe) relocated to 583.93

.53 *Caryophyllaceae and related families

Former heading: Caryophyllales

Including Achatocarpaceae, Aizoaceae (carpetweed family), Amaranthaceae(amaranth family), Barbeuiaceae, Basellaceae, Chenopodiaceae (goosefootfamily), Didiereaceae, Molluginaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae(pokeweed family), Portulacaceae (purslane family), Stegnospermataceae

Including beets, bougainvilleas, carnations, four-o’clock, ice plants (seafigs), lithops (living stones), Madeira vine, pinks, spinach

.56 *Cactaceae (Cactus family)

Former heading: Cactales

.57 *Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family)

Former heading: Polygonales

Including dock, rhubarbs, sorrel

*


583 Plants 583

33

.58 *Nepenthaceae and related families

Including Ancistrocladaceae, Dioncophyllaceae [both formerly 583.624],Droseraceae (sundew family) [formerly 583.75], Drosophyllaceae,Triphyophyllaceae

Nepenthaceae and Droseraceae are sometimes classed as Nepenthales[formerly 583.75]

Including Old World pitcher plant family, Venus’s flytrap; comprehensiveworks on pitcher plants [all formerly 583.75]

Class here comprehensive works on carnivorous plants [formerly 583.75]

For Cephalotaceae, see 583.825; for Byblidaceae, Lentibulariaceae, see583.96; for Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plants), see 583.975

.6 *Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales

Former heading: Dilleniidae

[.62] Miscellaneous orders of Dilleniidae

Dilleniaceae relocated to 583.43; Paeoniaceae (peony family) relocated to583.44; Crossosomataceae relocated to 583.782

[.624] Theales

Asteropeiaceae relocated to 583.5; Ancistrocladaceae, Dioncophyllaceaerelocated to 583.58; Diegodendraceae, Dipterocarpaceae relocatedto 583.68; Strasburgeriaceae relocated to 583.782; Bonnetiaceae,Caryocaraceae, Clusiaceae (Guttiferae), Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae,Lophiraceae, Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae, Quiinaceae, garcinias,mammee apple, mangosteen relocated to 583.83; Oncothecaceaerelocated to 583.94; Marcgraviaceae, Pellicieraceae, Pentaphylacaceae,Tetrameristaceae, Theaceae (Ternstroemiaceae, tea family), camellias,Stewartia relocated to 583.975

[.625] Violales

Peridiscaceae relocated to 583.44; Bixaceae (annatto tree), Cistaceae(rockrose family), Cochlospermaceae relocated to 583.68; Stachyuraceaerelocated to 583.782; Flacourtiaceae, Lacistemataceae, Scyphostegiaceae,Violaceae (violet family), pansies relocated to 583.83

[.626] Passiflorales

Caricaceae (papaya family), papaws relocated to 583.64; Achariaceae,Malesherbiaceae, Passifloraceae (passionflower family), Turneraceae,granadillas, maypop relocated to 583.83

[.627] Begoniaceae and Datiscaceae

Former heading: Begoniales

Relocated to 583.63

[.628] Tamaricales

Frankeniaceae, Tamaricaceae (tamarisk family), alkali heath relocated to583.5; Fouquieriaceae (candlewood family), ocotillo relocated to 583.975

*



34

.63 *Cucurbitales

Including Begoniaceae, Datiscaceae [both formerly 583.627],Anisophylleaceae [formerly 583.76], Coriariaceae [formerly 583.77]

Begoniaceae and Datiscaceae are sometimes classed as Begoniales [formerly583.627]

Including begonias [formerly 583.627], cucumbers, melons, pepos,pumpkins, squashes, watermelons

Class here Cucurbitaceae (gourd family)

.64 *Brassicales

Former heading: Capparales

Including Caricaceae (papaya family) [formerly 583.626], Tropaeolaceae(nasturtium family) [formerly 583.79], Capparaceae (caper family),Moringaceae, Resedaceae (mignonette family)

Including papaws [formerly 583.626], Brazilian spiderflowers [formerly583.766], alyssums, cabbages, candytufts, cresses, crucifixion thorns,Nasturtium genus, radishes, rapes, rutabagas, shepherd’s purse,spiderflowers, stocks (Matthiola), turnips, wallflowers, watercresses

Class here Brassicaceae (Cruciferae, mustard family)

See also 583.22 for papaws of family Annonaceae; also 584.724 forskunk cabbages

[.65] Salicaceae (Willow family)

Former heading: Salicales

Relocated to 583.83

[.66] Ericales


[.67] Ebenales, Primulales, Diapensiales, Thymelaeales (Mezereum order)

Thymelaeaceae (mezereum family), daphnes, spurge laurel relocated to583.68; Diapensiaceae, galax relocated to 583.975

[.674] Ebenaceae (Ebony family), Sapotaceae, Styracaceae (Storax family),Symplocaceae (Sweetleaf family)

Former heading: Ebenales


[.675] Primulaceae (Primrose family), Myrsinaceae, Theophrastaceae

Former heading: Primulales


*


583 Plants 583

35

.68 *Malvales

Including Cytinaceae [formerly 583.2], Diegodendraceae, Dipterocarpaceae[formerly 583.624], Bixaceae (annatto tree), Cistaceae (rockrose family),Cochlospermaceae [formerly 583.625], Thymelaeaceae (mezereum family)[formerly 583.67], Elaeocarpaceae, Sphaerosepalaceae

Thymelaeaceae are sometimes classed as Thymelaeales [formerly 583.67]

Including daphnes, spurge laurel [both formerly 583.67]

.685 *Malvaceae (Mallow family)

Including Bombacaceae (silk cotton tree family)

Including balsa, baobabs, basswood, cacao, cotton, hibiscuses, hollyhock,jute, kapok, kola nuts, okra, rose of Sharon, Sterculia, Tilia (lindens, limetrees)

Sterculia is sometimes classed as Sterculiaceae; Tilia is sometimesclassed as Tiliaceae

[.69] Euphorbiales

Buxaceae (boxwood family) relocated to 583.395; Dichapetalaceae,Euphorbiaceae (spurge family), cassavas (maniocs), castor-oil plant,copperleaves, crotons, crown of thorns, heveas, manchineels, mercuries,poinsettias, rubber tree, snow-on-the-mountain, tallow tree, tung treerelocated to 583.83

.7 *Rosids

Former heading: Rosidae

Including Fabidae (eurosids I), Malvidae (eurosids II)

Class here eurosids

For Fagales, see 583.46; for Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales, see 583.6;for other orders of rosids, see 583.8

[.72] Saxifragales

Saxifragales, Saxifragaceae (saxifrage family), Crassulaceae,Grossulariaceae (gooseberry family), currants, houseleeks (live-forevers),pickaback plants, Ribes, stonecrops (orpines, sedums), Virginia willowrelocated to 583.44; Francoaceae relocated to 583.79; Brunelliaceae,Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae relocated to 583.825; Parnassiaceae and brexiasrelocated to 583.85; Vahliaceae relocated to 583.94; Byblidaceae relocatedto 583.96; Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family), deutzias, mock oranges(syringas) relocated to 583.972; Escalloniaceae and escallonias relocatedto 583.984; Bruniaceae relocated to 583.985; Paracryphiaceae relocated to583.986; Pittosporaceae (hedge laurel family) relocated to 583.988

*



36

.73 *Rosales

Including Barbeyaceae [formerly 583.43], Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family)[formerly 583.82], Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family) [formerly 583.86],Chrysobalanaceae

Elaeagnaceae are sometimes classed as Elaeagnales [formerly 583.82]

Including ironwoods, jujubes [formerly 583.86], almonds, apples, apricots,blackberries, cane fruits, cherries, chokeberries, cinquefoils, dewberries,stone fruits (drupaceous fruits), hawthorns, loquat, medlar, mountain ashes,peaches, pears, plums, pomaceous fruits, pyracanthas (fire thorns), quince,raspberries, Rubus, serviceberries, spireas, strawberries

Class here Rosaceae (rose family)

Class comprehensive works on ironwoods in 583.46

See also 583.765 for rose apples; also 583.786 for hog plums of familyAnacardiaceae

.734 *Rosa (Roses)

Subdivisions are added for the genus as a whole and for individualspecies

.738 *Urticaceae (Nettle family), Cannabaceae (Hemp family), Moraceae(Mulberry family), Ulmaceae (Elm family) [all formerly 583.45]

Urticaceae, Cannabaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae are sometimes classed asUrticales

Including banyan, breadfruits, figs, hackberries, hops, marijuana, osageorange, pileas, ramie (China grass plant), rubber plant (India rubber tree),West Indian boxwood; comprehensive works on hemps

Class here Urticales

For hemps of a specific family other than Cannabaceae, see thefamily, e.g., aloe and sisil hemps 584.352

See also 583.395 for boxwoods of family Buxaceae; also 583.96 fordead nettles

.74 *Fabales (Leguminales)

Including Polygalalceae (milkwort family) [formerly 583.82], Quillajaceae,Surianaceae

Including Stylobasium [formerly 583.77], alfalfa, beans, beggar’s lice,bluebonnet, carob, clovers, indigo plants, kudzu, lentils, lespedezas,locoweeds, locusts, peanuts (groundnuts), Scotch broom, shamrocks, smoketree, soybean (soja, soya), tamarind, vetches, wisterias

Class here Fabaceae (pea family)

See also 583.786 for smoke trees of family Anacardiaceae; also 583.825for shamrock of family Oxalidaceae

*


583 Plants 583

37

.748 *Mimosoideae (Mimosa subfamily)

Former heading: Mimosaceae (Mimosa family)

Including acacias, mesquite, sensitive plants, silk tree

.749 *Caesalpinioideae (Senna subfamily)

Former heading: Caesalpiniaceae (Senna family)

Including redbuds

[.75] Nepenthaceae (Old World pitcher plant family) and Droseraceae(Sundew family)

Former heading: Nepenthales

Relocated to 583.58

.76 *Myrtales

Including Vochysiaceae [formerly 583.82], Combretaceae, Lythraceae(loosestrife family), Melastomataceae (meadow beauty family), Onagraceae(evening primrose family), Trapaceae

Including cigar flower, clarkias, crape myrtle, fireweed, fuchsias,pomegranate

Class mangroves of family Combretaceae in 583.763

See also 583.975 for loosestrife of family Primulaceae; also 583.99 forfireweeds of family Asteraceae

Anisophylleaceae relocated to 583.63; Brazilian spiderflowers relocated to583.64; Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut family) relocated to 583.975

.763 *Duabanga and Sonneratia

Former heading: Rhizophoraceae and Sonneratiaceae

Duabanga and Sonneratia are genera in the family Lythraceae, but wereclassed in Sonneratiaceae

Including mangroves of family Combretaceae, e.g., button mangrove,white mangrove

Class here comprehensive works on mangroves

Class mangrove swamp ecology in 577.698

For mangroves of family Rhizophoraceae, see 583.83; for mangrovesof family Verbenaceae, see 583.96; for mangrove of family Arecaceae(nipa palm), see 584.5

Rhizophoraceae relocated to 583.83

*



38

.765 *Myrtaceae (Myrtle family)

Including allspice (pimento), clove, guavas, Jamaica bayberry (bay rumtree), rose apples, water chestnuts; comprehensive works on myrtles

For Eucalyptus, see 583.766. For myrtle of a specific family otherthan Myrtaceae, see the family, e.g., Oregon myrtle 583.23, waxmyrtle 583.46, crape myrtle 583.76

See also 583.952 for pimientos (peppers); also 584.84 for Chinesewater chestnut

.766 *Eucalyptus (Gum trees)

Subdivisions are added for the genus as a whole and for individualspecies

[.77] Rutales

Coriariaceae relocated to 583.63; Stylobasium relocated to 583.74; Rutaceae(orange family), Anacardiaceae (mango family), Burseraceae (incense treefamily), Meliaceae (mahogany family), Simaroubaceae (ailanthus family),cashew, chinaberry tree, citrus fruits, cork trees, hog plums (Spanish plums),hop tree, orange jessamine, pistachio, poison ivies, rue, smoke trees, sumacs,tree of heaven, varnish trees, comprehensive works on balms relocated to583.786

.78 *Crossosomatales, Picramniales, Sapindales, Huerteales

Former heading: Sapindales

Sabiaceae relocated to 583.37; Greyiaceae and Melianthaceae relocated to583.79

.782 *Crossosomatales

Including Strasburgeriaceae [formerly 583.624], Stachyuraceae [formerly583.625], Staphyleaceae (bladdernut family)

Class here Crossosomataceae [formerly 583.62]

.784 *Picramniales

*


583 Plants 583

39

.786 *Sapindales

Including Leitneria [formerly 583.43], Rutaceae (orange family),Anacardiaceae (mango family), Burseraceae (incense tree family),Meliaceae (mahogany family), Simaroubaceae (ailanthus family) [allformerly 583.77], Aceraceae (maple family), Hippocastanaceae (horsechestnut family), Sapindaceae (soapberry family)

Including cashew, chinaberry tree, citrus fruits, cork trees, hog plums(Spanish plums), hop tree, orange jessamine, pistachio, poison ivies, rue,smoke trees, sumacs, tree of heaven, varnish trees, comprehensive workson balms [all formerly 583.77], buckeyes, hopbushes, litchis

Leitneria is sometimes classed as Leitneriaceae and Leitneriales[formerly 583.43]

Class comprehensive works on ivies in 583.988

For balm of a specific family other than Burseraceae, see the family,e.g., bee balms 583.96

See also 583.46 for cork oak; also 583.73 for hog plums of familyRosaceae; also 583.74 for smoke tree of family Fabaceae; also583.87 for jasmines

.788 *Huerteales

Including Dipentodontaceae [formerly 583.88]

.79 *Geraniales

Including Francoaceae [formerly 583.72], Greyiaceae, Melianthaceae [bothformerly 583.78], Geraniaceae (geranium family)

Including erodiums, pelargoniums

Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium family) relocated to 583.64; Zygophyllaceae(lignum vitae family), creosote bush relocated to 583.822; Oxalidaceae(wood sorrel family), shamrock relocated to 583.825; Erythroxylaceae (cocafamily), Hugoniaceae, Humiriaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae (flax family),Malpighiaceae, wild mango (dika) relocated to 583.83; Balsaminaceae(balsam family), impatiens, jewelweeds (touch-me-nots) relocated to583.975

.8 Other orders of rosids

Former heading: Other orders of Rosidae

[.801–.809] Standard subdivisions

Do not use; class in 583.701–583.709

.82 *Zygophyllales and Oxalidales

Former heading: Minor orders of Rosidae

Gunneraceae, gunneras relocated to 583.42; Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family)relocated to 583.73; Polygalalceae (milkwort family) relocated to 583.74;Vochysiaceae relocated to 583.76; Podostemaceae (riverweed family)relocated to 583.83; Hippuris (mare’s tail) relocated to 583.96

*



40

.822 *Zygophyllales

Including Zygophyllaceae (lignum vitae family), creosote bush [formerly583.79], Krameriaceae

.825 *Oxalidales

Including Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae [all formerly583.72], Oxalidaceae (wood sorrel family) [formerly 583.79],Connaraceae

Connaraceae are sometimes classed as Connarales

Including shamrock [formerly 583.79]


See also 583.74 for shamrocks of family Fabaceae

.83 *Malpighiales

Including Rafflesiaceae [formerly 583.2], Balanopaceae [formerly583.43], Bonnetiaceae, Caryocaraceae, Clusiaceae (Guttiferae),Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Lophiraceae, Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae,Quiinaceae [all formerly 583.624], Flacourtiaceae, Lacistemataceae,Scyphostegiaceae, Violaceae (violet family) [all formerly 583.625],Achariaceae, Malesherbiaceae, Passifloraceae (passionflower family),Turneraceae [all formerly 583.626], Populus (poplars and aspens),Salicaceae (willow family), Salix [all formerly 583.65], Dichapetalaceae,Euphorbiaceae (spurge family) [both formerly 583.69], Rhizophoraceae[formerly 583.763], Erythroxylaceae (coca family), Hugoniaceae,Humiriaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae (flax family), Malpighiaceae [allformerly 583.79], Podostemaceae (riverweed family) [formerly 583.82]

Rafflesiaceae are sometimes classed as Rafflesiales [formerly 583.2];Balanopaceae are sometimes classed as Balanopales [formerly 583.43];Violaceae are sometimes classed as Violales [formerly 583.625]; Salicaceaeare sometimes classed as Salicales [formerly 583.65]

Including garcinias, mammee apple, mangosteen [all formerly 583.624],pansies [formerly 583.625], granadillas, maypop [both formerly 583.626],cottonwoods [formerly 583.65], cassavas (maniocs), castor-oil plant,copperleaves, crotons, crown of thorns, heveas, manchineels, mercuries,poinsettias, rubber tree, snow-on-the-mountain, tallow tree, tung tree [allformerly 583.69], wild mango (dika) [formerly 583.79]

See also 583.22 for yellow poplar; also 583.738 for India rubber tree,West Indian boxwood; also 583.96 for African violets

[.84] Cornales

Garryaceae, Garrya relocated to 583.942; Cornales, Cornaceae (dogwoodfamily), tupelos (sour gums) relocated to 583.972; Araliaceae (ginsengfamily, ivy family), Torricelliaceae (Toricelliaceae), wild sarsaparilla,comprehensive works on ivies relocated to 583.988

*


583 Plants 583

41

[.849] Apiaceae

Former heading: Umbelliferae


.85 *Celastrales

Including Parnassiaceae [formerly 583.72], Hippocrateaceae

Including brexias [formerly 583.72], bittersweet, khat

Class here Celastraceae (staff tree family)

See also 583.952 for bittersweet of family Solanaceae

Aextoxicaceae relocated to 583.478; Icacinaceae relocated to 583.94;Aquifoliaceae (holly family), maté relocated to 583.982

.86 *Vitales

Former heading: Rhamnales

Including Leeaceae; Boston ivy, Virginia creeper

Class here Vitaceae (grape family)

Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family), ironwoods, jujubes relocated to 583.73

.87 *Oleales

Including ashes, forsythias, jasmines, lilacs, privets

Class here Oleaceae (olive family)

See also 583.786 for orange jessamine

[.88] Santalales

Medusandraceae relocated to 583.44; Santalales, Santalaceae (sandalwoodfamily), Balanophoraceae, Loranthaceae (mistletoe family), Olacaceae,Opiliaceae, Viscaceae relocated to 583.47; Dipentodontaceae relocated to583.788; Cardiopteridaceae (Peripterygiaceae) relocated to 583.982

[.89] Proteales

Relocated to 583.38

.9 *Asterids

Including euasterids I

.92 *Dipsacales

Including Dipsacaceae (teasel family), Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family),Valerianaceae (valerian family)

Including elders, snowballs, viburnums

*



42

> 583.93–583.96 Euasterids I


.93 *Gentianales

Including Theligonum (Cynocrambe) [formerly 583.5], Gentianaceae(gentian family), Apocynaceae (dogbane family, Indian hemp family),Asclepiadaceae (milkweed family), Loganiaceae, Potaliaceae, Rubiaceae(madder family)

Including buttonbushes, carrion flowers, cinchonas, coffee, gardenias, Indiansarsaparilla, oleanders, partridgeberry, periwinkles, Plumeria, rauwolfias,stephanotises

See also 584.326 for carrion flower and sarsaprillas of familySmilacaceae

Menyanthaceae, bog myrtle (buckbean) relocated to 583.99

.94 *Garryales and miscellaneous families of euasterids I

Former heading: Polemoniales

Including Oncothecaceae [formerly 583.624], Vahliaceae [formerly 583.72],Icacinaceae [formerly 583.85], Boraginaceae (forget-me-not family),Hydrophyllaceae (waterleaf family)

Including baby blue-eyes, borage, comfreys, heliotropes, honeyworts,hound’s-tongues, Virginia cowslip (bluebell)

See also 583.99 for bluebells of bellflower family; also 584.355 forbluebells of asparagus family

Convolvulaceae (morning glory family), Cuscutaceae (dodder family),dichondras, sweet potatoes (yams) relocated to 583.95; Loasaceae relocatedto 583.972; Polemoniaceae (phlox family), Jacob’s ladders relocated to583.975

.942 *Garryales

Including Eucommiaceae [formerly 583.43], Garryaceae [formerly583.84]

Including Garrya [formerly 583.84]

*


583 Plants 583

43

.95 *Solanales

Former heading: Scrophulariales

Including Convolvulaceae (morning glory family), Cuscutaceae (dodderfamily) [both formerly 583.94], Sphenocleaceae [formerly 583.98]

Including dichondras, sweet potatoes (yams) [both formerly 583.94]

See also 584.69 for yams of family Dioscoreaceae

Acanthaceae (acanthus family), Bignoniaceae (catalpa family),Buddlejaceae, Gesneriaceae, Globulariaceae, Lentibulariaceae (bladderwortfamily), Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, Orobanchaceae (broomrape family),Pedaliaceae (sesame family), Plantaginaceae (plantago family), Retziaceae,Scrophulariaceae (figwort family, snapdragon family), Trapellaceae,African violets, butterfly bushes, calabash tree, foxglove, mulleins,Penstemon, plantains, trumpet creepers, unicorn plants relocated to 583.96;Hydrostachyaceae relocated to 583.972; Columelliaceae relocated to583.985

.952 *Solanaceae

Variant names: Nolanaceae, nightshade family, potato family

Including belladonna, bittersweet, butterfly flowers (schizanthuses),capsicums, daturas, eggplants, henbane, jimsonweed, mandrakes,paprika, petunias, pimientos, tobacco, tomatoes; cayenne pepper, redpeppers, sweet peppers; comprehensive works on peppers

For pepper of Piperaceae family, see 583.25

See also 583.34 for mandrake of family Berberidaceae (mayapple);also 583.765 for pimento (allspice); also 583.85 for bittersweet offamily Celastraceae

*



44

.96 *Lamiales

Including Byblidaceae [formerly 583.72], Acanthaceae (acanthus family),Bignoniaceae (catalpa family), Buddlejaceae, Gesneriaceae, Globulariaceae,Lentibulariaceae (bladderwort family), Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae,Orobanchaceae (broomrape family), Pedaliaceae (sesame family),Plantaginaceae (plantago family), Retziaceae, Scrophulariaceae (figwortfamily, snapdragon family), Trapellaceae [all formerly 583.95], Verbenaceae(verbena family)

Scrophulariaceae are sometimes classed as Scrophulariales [formerly583.95]

Including Hippuris (mare’s tail) [formerly 583.82], African violets, butterflybushes, calabash tree, foxglove, mulleins, Penstemon, plantains, trumpetcreepers, unicorn plants [formerly 583.95], basils, bee balms, blackmangrove, catnip, Chinese artichoke, dead nettles, ground ivy, horehound,hyssop, lavenders, lopseed, marjorams, rosemary, sage, teak, thymes,vervains

Class here Lamiaceae (Labiatae, mint family)

Class comprehensive works on carnivorous plants in 583.58; classcomprehensive works on mangroves in 583.763; class comprehensive workson balms in 583.786; class comprehensive works on violets in 583.83

See also 583.99 for artichokes, sagebrushes; also 584.39 for plantain ofbanana family

.97 *Cornales and Ericales

.972 *Cornales [formerly 583.84]

Including Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family) [formerly 583.72],Cornaceae (dogwood family) [formerly 583.84], Loasaceae [formerly583.94], Hydrostachyaceae [formerly 583.95]

Including deutzias, mock oranges (syringas) [both formerly 583.72],tupelos (sour gums) [formerly 583.84]

*


583 Plants 583

45

.975 *Ericales [formerly 583.66]

Including Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plant family) [formerly583.36], Marcgraviaceae, Pellicieraceae, Pentaphylacaceae,Tetrameristaceae, Theaceae (Ternstroemiaceae, tea family) [all formerly583.624], Fouquieriaceae (candlewood family) [formerly 583.628],Clethraceae (pepperbush family), Epacridaceae, Ericaceae (heathfamily), Monotropaceae (Indian pipe family), Pyrolaceae, Saurauiaceae[all formerly 583.66], Diapensiaceae [formerly 583.67], Ebenaceae(ebony family), Sapotaceae, Styracaceae (storax family), Symplocaceae(sweetleaf family) [all formerly 583.674], Primulaceae (primrose family),Myrsinaceae, Theophrastaceae [all formerly 583.675], Lecythidaceae(Brazil nut family) [formerly 583.76], Balsaminaceae (balsam family)[formerly 583.79], Polemoniaceae (phlox family) [formerly 583.94]

Sarraceniaceae are sometimes classed as Sarraceniales [formerly 583.36];Diapensiaceae are sometimes classed as Diapensiales [formerly 583.67];Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Symplocaceae are sometimesclassed as Ebenales [formerly 583.674]; Primulaceae, Myrsinaceae,Theophrastaceae are sometimes classed as Primulales [formerly583.675]; Polemoniaceae are sometimes classed as Polemoniales[formerly 583.94]

Including camellias, Stewartia [both formerly 583.624], ocotillo[formerly 583.628], azaleas, blueberries, cranberries, crowberries,heather, huckleberries, kalmias, kiwi (Chinese gooseberry), mountainlaurel, rhododendrons, sourwood, wintergreens [all formerly 583.66],galax [formerly 583.67], persimmons, sapodilla, star apples [allformerly 583.674], auriculas, coralberry, cyclamens, loosestrife,primulas, shooting stars [all formerly 583.675], impatiens, jewelweeds(touch-me-nots) [both formerly 583.79], Jacob’s ladders [formerly583.94]

Class comprehensive works on laurels in 583.23; class comprehensiveworks on carnivorous plants, on pitcher plants in 583.58; class eveningprimroses in 583.76

See also 583.76 for loosestrife of family Lythraceae

.98 *Euasterids II

Former heading: Campanulales

For Dipsacales, see 583.92; for Asterales, see 583.99

Sphenocleaceae relocated to 583.95; Brunoniaceae, Campanulaceae(bellflower family), Donatiaceae, Goodeniaceae, Lobeliaceae, Stylidiaceae,bluebells, Campanula, Indian tobacco relocated to 583.99

.982 *Aquifoliales

Including Cardiopteridaceae (Peripterygiaceae) [formerly 583.88]

Including maté [formerly 583.85]

Class here Aquifoliaceae (holly family) [formerly 583.85], Ilex

.984 *Escalloniales

Class here Escalloniaceae, escallonias [both formerly 583.72]

*



46

.985 *Bruniales

Including Bruniaceae [formerly 583.72], Columelliaceae [formerly583.95]

.986 *Paracryphiales

Class here Paracryphiaceae [formerly 583.72]

.988 *Apiales

Including Pittosporaceae (hedge laurel family) [formerly 583.72],Araliaceae (ginseng family, ivy family), Torricelliaceae (Toricelliaceae)[both formerly 583.84]

Including wild sarsaparilla, comprehensive works on ivies [formerly583.84]

For ivies of a specific family other than Araliaceae, see the family,e.g., poison ivies 583.786

See also 584.326 for sarsaparilla of family Smilacaceae

.988 2 *Apiaceae [formerly 583.849]

Variant names: Umbelliferae, carrot family, parsley family

Including anise, caraway, carrots, celery, dills, parsnips, poisonhemlocks, Queen Anne’s lace

.99 *Asterales

Including Menyanthaceae [formerly 583.93], Brunoniaceae, Campanulaceae(bellflower family), Donatiaceae, Goodeniaceae, Lobeliaceae, Stylidiaceae[all formerly 583.98], Calyceraceae

Campanulaceae are sometimes classed as Campanulales [formerly 583.98];Calyceraceae are sometimes classed as Calycerales

Including bog myrtle (buckbean) [formerly 583.93], bluebells, Campanula,Indian tobacco [formerly 583.98], artichokes, asters, black-eyed Susans,chamomiles, chicory, chrysanthemums, cornflower, cosmos, dahlias,dandelions, endive, everlastings, fireweeds, fleabanes, gerberas, goldenrods,groundsels (ragworts), guayule, lettuce, marigolds, ragweeds, safflower,sagebrushes, sunflowers, thistles, wormwoods, zinnias

Class here Asteraceae (Compositae)

See also 583.46 for bog myrtle (sweet gale); also 583.76 for fireweedof family Onagraceae; also 583.94 for bluebells of forget-me-notfamily; also 583.96 for Chinese artichoke; also 584.355 for bluebells ofasparagus family

584 *MonocotsFormer heading: Liliopsida (Monocotyledons)

See Manual at 583–585 vs. 600; also at 583–584

*


584 Plants 584

47

SUMMARY

584.3 Liliales, Asparagales, Zingiberales.4 Orchidaceae (orchid family).5 Arecales (Palmales).6 Pandanales and Dioscoreales.7 Alismatales (Alismales), Acorales, Petrosaviales.8 Commelinids.9 Poales

.3 *Liliales, Asparagales, Zingiberales

Former heading: Liliidae

.32 *Liliales

Former heading: Liliaceae (Lily family)

Including Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae [both formerly 584.35]

Including Easter lily, trilliums

Class here comprehensive works on lilies

For a specific lily not provided for here, see the lily, e.g., African lilies584.33, Velloziaceae (tree lily family) 584.6, calla lilies 584.724

See also 583.294 for water lilies

Aloes, day lilies relocated to 584.35; hostas (plantain lilies) relocated to584.352; bluebells, hyacinths, lily of the valley relocated to 584.355

.322 *Liliaceae (Lily family)

Including tulips

.324 *Alstroemeriaceae [formerly 584.353]

Including Peruvian lily [formerly 584.34], box lily [formerly 584.353]

.326 *Smilacaceae [formerly 584.356]

Including carrion flower, cat briers, greenbriers, sarsaparillas

See also 583.93 for carrion flowers of family Asclepiadaceae, Indiansarsaparilla; also 583.988 for wild sarsaparilla of ginseng family

.33 *Allioideae

Former heading: Alliaceae

Including African lilies, chives, garlics, leeks, onions, shallots

*



48

.34 *Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis family)

Including Agapanthoideae

Including daffodils, narcissus; atamasco lilies, spider lilies

Class here Amaryllidoideae

For Allioideae, see 584.33

Peruvian lily relocated to 584.324

.35 *Asparagales

Former heading: Other families of Liliales

Including Cyanastraceae, Tecophilaeaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae

Including aloes, day lilies [both formerly 584.32]

For Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis family), see 584.34; for Iridaceae (irisfamily), see 584.38; for Orchidaceae (orchid family), see 584.4

Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae relocated to 584.32; Stemonaceae relocatedto 584.6; Taccaceae relocated to 584.69; Philydraceae, Pontederiaceaerelocated to 584.86

.352 *Agavoideae

Former heading: Agavaceae

Including hostas (plantain lilies) [formerly 584.32], agaves, aloe hemp,aloes (century plants), dracaenas, sansevierias (snake plants), sisal,tequila, yuccas

Class comprehensive works on hemps in 583.738

[.353] Alstroemeriaceae


.354 *Hypoxidaceae

Velloziaceae (tree lily family) relocated to 584.6; Haemodoraceae(bloodwort family) relocated to 584.86

.355 *Asparagaceae

Including Nolinoideae

Nolinoideae are sometimes classed as Ruscaceae

Including bluebells, hyacinths, lily of the valley [all formerly 584.32],asparaguses

For Agavoideae, see 584.352

See also 583.94 for bluebells of forget-me-not family; also 583.99 forbluebells of bellflower family; also 584.86 for water hyacinths

[.356] Smilacaceae


*


584 Plants 584

49

[.357] Dioscoreaceae (Yam family)

Relocated to 584.69

[.37] Triuridaceae

Former heading: Triuridales

Relocated to 584.6

.38 *Iridaceae (Iris family)

Former heading: Iridales

Including blackberry lily, crocuses, freesias, gladiolus (sword lilies), saffron,tigerflowers

Burmanniaceae relocated to 584.69

.39 *Zingiberales

Including Zingiberaceae (ginger family), Cannaceae (canna family),Costaceae, Heliconiaceae, Marantaceae (arrowroot family), Musaceae(banana family)

Including abaca (Manila hemp), cardamoms, ginger lily, heliconias, plantain,prayer plant, turmerics, zebra plant

Class comprehensive works on hemps in 583.738

See also 583.96 for plantains of plantago family

.4 *Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

Former heading: Orchidales

Including vanillas

.5 *Arecales (Palmales)

Former heading: Arecidae

Including coconuts, dates, nipa palm (mangrove), palmettos, rattans

Class here Arecaceae (Palmae, palm family)

.6 *Pandanales and Dioscoreales

Former heading: Cyclanthales, Arales, Pandanales, Typhales

Subdivisions are added for Pandanales and Dioscoreales together, forPandanales alone

Including Stemonaceae [formerly 584.35], Velloziaceae (tree lily family)[formerly 584.354], Triuridaceae [formerly 584.37]

Triuridaceae are sometimes classed as Triuridales [formerly 584.37]

Class comprehensive works on lilies in 584.32

*



50

.62 *Cyclanthaceae

Former heading: Cyclanthales

Including jipijapa (Panama hat palm)

[.64] Araceae (Arum family)

Former heading: Arales


.66 *Pandanaceae (Hala family)

Including screw pines

Use of this number for Pandanales discontinued; class in 584.6

[.68] Typhaceae (Sparganiaceae)

Former heading: Typhales

Relocated to 584.9

.69 *Dioscoreales

Including Taccaceae [formerly 584.35], Dioscoreaceae (yam family)[formerly 584.357], Burmanniaceae [formerly 584.38], Nartheciaceae

See also 583.95 for sweet potatoes (yams)

.7 *Alismatales (Alismales), Acorales, Petrosaviales

Former heading: Alismidae

Alismatales are sometimes classed as Alismatidae

Subdivisions are added for Alismatales (Alismales), Acorales, Petrosavialestogether; for Alismatales (Alismales) alone

> 584.72–584.74 Alismatales (Alismales)

Class comprehensive works on Alismatales (Alismales) in 584.7

.72 *Araceae, Alismataceae (Alismaceae, Limnocharitaceae, water plantainfamily), Butomaceae (Water poppy family), Tofieldiaceae

Former heading: Alismales (Alismatales)

Including arrowheads

Water hyacinths relocated to 584.86

*


584 Plants 584

51

.724 *Araceae (Arum family) [formerly 584.64]

Araceae are sometimes classed as Arales

Including Lemnoideae (duckweed subfamily)

Lemnoideae are sometimes classed as Lemnaceae

Including anthuriums, caladiums, calla lilies, Chinese evergreen,dieffenbachias, elephant’s ears, jack-in-the-pulpits, monsteras,philodendrons, skunk cabbages, taro, watermeals

Class comprehensive works on lilies in 584.32

See also 583.64 for cabbages of Brassicaceae family

.73 *Hydrocharitaceae (Frogbit family)

Former heading: Hydrocharitales

Including Najas (naiads) [formerly 584.74], turtle grass

Najas are sometimes classed as Najadaceae and Najadales(Potamogetonales) [both formerly 584.74]

.74 *Other families of Alismatales

Former heading: Najadales (Potamogetonales)

Including Aponogetonaceae (lattice plant family), Cymodoceaceae,Juncaginaceae (Lilaeaceae, arrow grass family), Posidoniaceae, Ruppiaceae(widgeon grass family), Scheuchzeriaceae, Zosteraceae (eelgrass family)

Najas (naiads) relocated to 584.73

.742 *Potamogetonaceae (Zannichelliaceae, pondweed family)

.78 *Acorales

.79 *Petrosaviales

.8 *Commelinids

Former heading: Commelinidae

For Arecales (Palmales), see 584.5; for Poales, see 584.9

Centrolepidaceae, Flagellariaceae, Restionaceae relocated to 584.9

.82 *Juncaceae (Rush family) and Thurniaceae

Former heading: Juncales

Standard subdivisions are added for Juncaceae (rush family) andThurniaceae together, for Juncaceae (rush family) alone

Class here comprehensive works on rushes

For rushes of sedge family, see 584.84; for rushes of cattail family, see584.9

*



52

.84 *Cyperaceae (Sedge family)

Former heading: Cyperales

Including Chinese water chestnut, cotton grasses, papyrus, umbrella plant;beak rushes, spike rushes; comprehensive works on bulrushes

Class comprehensive works on rushes in 584.82

For bulrushes of cattail family, see 584.9

.85 *Bromeliaceae (Pineapple family)

Former heading: Bromeliales

Including Spanish moss (black moss)

Class here bromeliads

.86 *Commelinales

Including Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae [both formerly 584.35],Haemodoraceae (bloodwort family) [formerly 584.354], Hanguanaceae

Including water hyacinths [formerly 584.72], boat lily, wandering Jews

Class here Commelinaceae (spiderwort family)

Mayacaceae, Rapateaceae, Xyridaceae (yellow-eyed grass family) relocatedto 584.9

.87 *Eriocaulaceae (Pipewort family)

Former heading: Eriocaulales

.9 *Poales

Variant names: Graminales, grasses

Including Typhaceae (Sparganiaceae) [formerly 584.68], Centrolepidaceae,Flagellariaceae, Restionaceae [all formerly 584.8], Mayacaceae, Rapateaceae,Xyridaceae (yellow-eyed grass family) [all formerly 584.86]

Typhaceae are sometimes classed as Typhales [formerly 584.68]; Restionaceaeare sometimes classed as Restionales [formerly 584.8]

Including Sparganium (bur reeds), Typha (cattails and bulrushes) [both formerly584.68], reeds

Class Cyperaceae, comprehensive works on bulrushes in 584.84

For Juncaceae (rush family), Thurniaceae, see 584.82; for Cyperaceae(sedge family), see 584.84; for Bromeliaceae (pineapple family), see 584.85;for Eriocaulaceae (pipewort family), see 584.87

*


584 Plants 584

53

.92 *Poaceae (Gramineae)

Former heading: Panicoideae

Including Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Eragrosteae, Leptureae,Pappophoreae, Zoysieae

Including Arundinella, Hordeum, Lygeum, orchard grass (cocksfoot),pampas grass, Sporobolus, Thysanolaena

.922 *Bambusoideae

Including Anomochloeae, Bambuseae (bamboo tribe), Olyreae, Oryzeae(rice tribe), Parianeae, Phareae, Streptochaeteae

.924 *Panicoideae

Including Paniceae (millet tribe), Andropogoneae (sugarcane tribe),Maydeae (maize tribe)

Including citronella, corn, crabgrasses, gama grass, milos, panic grasses,proso, sorghums, Sudan grass, thatch grasses

.926 *Pooideae

Including Aveneae (oat tribe), Nardeae, Stipeae, Triticeae

Including Agrostis (bent grasses), barley, bluegrasses, bromegrasses,espartos, Festuca (fescue), Phalaris (canary grass), rye, timothy, wheat

588 *Bryophyta

.3 *Hepatopsida (Liverworts)

Including Anthocerotidae (horned liverworts, hornworts), Marchantiales (greatliverworts)

Class here Hepatidae (Hepaticae), Jungermanniales, leafy liverworts (scalemosses)

See also 583.28 for hornworts of family Ceratophyllaceae

615 Pharmacology and therapeuticsClass comprehensive works on pharmacology in 615.1; class comprehensive workson therapeutics in 615.5

.323–.327 Drugs derived from specific plants

Add to base number 615.32 the numbers following 58 in 583–587, e.g.,belladonna 615.323952

For drugs derived from bryophytes, see 615.322; for drugs derivedfrom fungi and algae, see 615.329

*



54

.952 3–.952 8 Specific plant poisons, poisons derived from specific plants

Add to base number 615.952 the numbers following 58 in 583–588,e.g., opium 615.952335

For fungi and algae poisons, poisons derived from fungi andalgae, see 615.9529

633 Field and plantation cropsLarge-scale production of crops intended for agricultural purposes or industrialprocessing other than preservation

Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading

Class truck farming in 635

For a specific field or plantation crop not provided for here, see the crop, e.g.,bananas 634.772

.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing

.88 Medicine-producing plants

Add to base number 633.88 the numbers following 58 in 583–588, e.g.,ginsengs 633.883988; however, for a crop producing medicine as asecondary product, see the primary product, e.g., poppy 633.75

634 Orchards, fruits, forestryFruits: reproductive bodies of seed plants having an edible more or less sweet pulpassociated with the seed

Standard subdivisions are added for orchards, fruits, forestry together; for orchardsalone; for fruits alone

Class here comprehensive works on tree crops

For trees grown for plantation crops, see 633; for pepos, see 635.61; forornamental trees, see 635.977

.9 Forestry

.97 Kinds of trees

Class here general topics of forestry applied to specific kinds of trees

Add to each subdivision identified by † as follows:

.972 Eudicots

Former heading: Dicotyledons

Limited to the kinds provided for below

Class here hardwoods

For other eudicots, see 634.973

.973 Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms; other eudicots

Add to base number 634.973 the numbers following 583 in 583.2–583.9,e.g., eucalyptus 634.973766

634 Plants 634

55

.974 Monocots

Class here palm forestry

See also 633.58 for rattan palms; also 633.851 for oil palms; also634.61 for coconut palm; also 635.97745 for ornamental palms

635 Garden crops (Horticulture)Class here vegetables (crops grown primarily for human consumption withoutintermediate processing other than cooking and preservation); home gardening,truck farming

Class orchards in 634

.9 Flowers and ornamental plants

Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading

Class here floriculture

Class landscape architecture of flower gardens in 712

For planting and cultivation of roadside vegetation, see 625.77

See Manual at 635.9 vs. 582.1

> 635.93–635.97 Groupings of plants

Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or moresubdivisions of 635.93–635.97 in the number coming first in the schedule, e.g.,succulent house plants 635.9525 (not 635.965)


.93 Groupings by life duration; taxonomic groupings

.933–.938 Taxonomic groupings

Add to base number 635.93 the numbers following 58 in 583–588, e.g.,cacti 635.93356, roses 635.933734, orchids 635.9344; however, foreverlastings, see 635.973; for comprehensive works on eudicots, see635.9; for taxonomic groupings of trees, see 635.9773–635.9775

.97 Other groupings of ornamental plants

.977 Trees

Class here urban forestry; potted, shade, street trees

Including tree planting

Class comprehensive works on container gardening in 635.986

.977 3–.977 5 Taxonomic groupings

Add to base number 635.977 the numbers following 58 in 583–585,e.g., elms 635.9773738; however, for comprehensive works oneudicot trees, see 635.977

number previous meaning new meaning from to topic · giles martin, consulting assistant editor ....

Documents