nucleotides structure and function 2013
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NucleotidesStructureandFunctions
AtifH.Khirelsied
B.Sc.,M.Sc.,Ph.D.Biochemistry
FacultyofMedicine
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Thenucleotides
heterocyclicnitrogenousbases,
epur nes area en ne an guanine(G).
Thepyrimidines arethymine(T),cytosine(C)anduracil (U).
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Thenitrogenousbases
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Thenucleosides
Thenucleosidesconsistofapurine orpyrimidine base
.
nnuc e cac s,nuc eos esarecoup e to r oseor
2'deoxyDribosethrougha19,Nglycosidic bond
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Thenucleosides
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Thenucleotides
Thenucleotidesconsistofapurine orpyrimidine base
.
NucleotideNucleoside
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Nucleosidesand
nucleotides
nomenclature
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Thenucleotides
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Thebiologicalroleofthenucleotides
1. Buildingblocksofnucleicacids.
2. Energytransduction
3. Buildingblocksofcoenzymes.
nd. , .
5. Neurotransmitters
6. Regulatoryallosteric modulators
7. Activatedprecursorsinbiosynthesis
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Theroeofnucleotidesinenergytransfer
Thedi andtriphosphatesofnucleotidesarelinked
an y r e w g .
ATPistheuniversalenergymoleculeinmostreactionsin
livingcell
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ThecyclicAMP
The3'5'cyclicadenosinemonophosphate,cAMP isa
2nd messengerinhormonalsignaltransduction.
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Theadenosine derivatives
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Thesyntheticnucleotideanalogues
Synt eticnuc eoti eana oguesareuse ort erapeuticpurposes.
InterferewithDNAsynthesis,(antitumoragents).
Immunesuppressors.
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Goutiscausedbyhyperuricemia
andsofttissuescausinginflammation
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Thesyntheticnucleotideanalogues
Allopurinol,apurine analogsresembleshypoxanthine,,
hyperuricemia(gout)
Allopurinol,
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Thesyntheticnucleotideanalogues
Azathioprine is nucleotideanaloguesusedtosuppresse mmunesys eman re uce ransp an re ec on.
Azathioprine
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Nucleotidesarebuildingblocksofcoenzymes
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Naturalpurines
Caffeineis1.3.7trimetylxanhine.
Theobromine