nucleic acid structure dna and rna. where are nucleic acids located? in the nucleus –dna stays...
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Nucleic Acid Structure
DNA and RNA
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Where are Nucleic Acids located?
• In the nucleus– DNA stays – RNA can leave
Nucleus
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DNA and RNA Structure
DNA• Double Helix• Nucleotide Strands
– Basic Building Block of DNA
– Composed of• Sugar (Deoxyribose)• Phosphate group• Base (A, T, G or C)
RNA• Single Strand• Nucleotide strands
– Basic Building Blocks of RNA
– Composed of• Sugar (Ribose)• Phosphate group• Base (A, U, G, or C
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Create the appropriate nucleotides.
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DNA and RNA
• Backbone– Alternating sugar and
phosphates
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What are the bases?
Purines Pyrimidines
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Place your nucleotides in two piles: purines and pyrimidines.
Which nucleotide are we missing? Why?
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Which bases join together?
DNA
• A with T– Purine with pyrimidine
• G with C– Purine with pyrimidine
• How are they joined?– Hydrogen Bonds
• These strands are complements! Allowing for DNA replication to take place.
RNA
• Remember Single Strand
• RNA pairs with DNA– A (DNA) with U (RNA)– T (DNA) with A (RNA)– G (DNA) with C (RNA)– C (DNA) with G (RNA)
• How are they joined?– Hydrogen Bonds
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Line Up
• 5’ to 3’– Antiparallel
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Create your DNA strand.
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Why?
DNA Replication
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• Double Helix– Base pairs?
• Antiparallel?– 5’-3’– 3’-5’
• Replication is semi-conservative?
DNA Characteristics
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Begin replication on your strand.
What has to happen first?
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DNA Replication
Step 1Double Helix needs to be
unwound and unzippedCreates a replication
bubble / forkDNA Helicase
– What is that?
Creates a leading and lagging strandLeading – replication
occurs continuouslyLagging – occurs in
fragments called Okazaki fragments
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Step 2How does replication know where to begin?
RNA Primase– Lays down a primer
RNA – ribonucleic acid (both oxygens, uracil instead of thymine, single strand)
• Step 3– DNA Polymerase
• Lays down complementary base pairs– 5’ 3’
» The replicated strand always starts from the phosphate end and replicates towards the sugar end.
• Continues until done
• Step 4– DNA Polymerase changes the RNA Primer to DNA
DNA Replication
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• Step 5– Ligase comes in and fills the Okazaki
fragment gaps.
• What are we left with?
• Why do we call it semi-conservative again?
DNA Replication
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Create a flow chart of DNA ReplicationStart from the very beginning.
Your sequence is– 5’-TGCACGAATG-3’
Create a Double Helix using that sequence– You have a template to trace from the picture handout I gave
youWhen you unwind make sure you show the structure of
each nucleotide– Use the template from the picture handout I gave you.
Make sure you show everything in detail of what is going on.
Make sure you have an explanation of what is going on under each picture.
Be neat and detailed.Due Tomorrow.
Your Turn