Nucleic acid DNA

Tereza Němcová

Anna Štouračová

DNA

-deoxyribonucleic acid-biological macromolecule = polymer-double helix structure – shaped like twisted ladder-nucleotide

-deoxyribose sugar-phosphate group-nitrogen bases

- purines: -adenine A -guanine G

- pyrimidines: -thymine T -cytosine C

Structure of DNA

Function of DNA-contains the genetic information

-prokaryote: plasmids

*bacteria

-eukaryotes: cell nucleus→chromosomes

*plants

*animals

*protist

*fungiFern frond Sea nettles

Orange saprotrophic fungus Paramecium aurelia

Escherichia coli

Heredity

children resemble their parents

Gregor Mendel, 1865

Heredity tree

Synthesis

proteinRNADNADNA translaceetranskripcreplikace

replication – splitting double strand

protein biosynthesis

transcription - transfer of genetic information from DNA into RNA

translation – RNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide

synthesis DNA

The history of DNA

was discovered in the middle 20th century

by Watson and Crick

James Watson

Model DNA built in 1953, currently on display at the National Science Museum in London

DNA under electron microscope

DNA in practice

Genetic fingerprinting

- in crime

- blood, semen, hair, nail, skin, bone etc.

Test of parenthood

- from blood

Vocabulary

Shape – forma, tvar

Ladder – žebřík

Resemble – podobat se

Heredity – dědičnost

Split – rozštěpit

Strand – vlákno

Fingerprinting – (snímat) otisk prstů

Parenthood – rodičovství

Chain – řetězec

Adjacent – sousední

Link – spojovat

Offspring - potomek

Literature

http://cs.wikipedia.org

http://www.wikipedia.org

http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb

THE END