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АКЦИОНЕРНОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО «РУСАТОМ ОВЕРСИЗ»

Nuclear Research Reactors: Global trends, Challenges

and Opportunities for Africa

Nuclear Africa 2016 Conference

March 16, 2016

ROSATOM OVERSEAS INC

DMITRI VYSOTSKI

Director of Nuclear Research Reactors

2

NUCLEAR RESEARCH REACTORS TRENDS

The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated

companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru

3 The content of this presentation is for discussion purposes only, shall not be considered as an offer and doesn’t lead to any obligations to Rosatom and its affiliated

companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information.

To solve developmental challenges in health care,

agriculture and industry.

To foster national, regional and international

technology exchange and innovation.

To improve the national economy through

application of the advanced nuclear technologies

To upgrade the public image of the country on the

regional and international scale

To host ground-breaking experiments, improve

overall scientific knowledge and serve as training

centres for students and nuclear scientists of the future

WHY GO INTO NUCLEAR RESEARCH?

RESEARCH REACTOR ADVANTAGES

To develop the skills & expertise for industrial

nuclear energy use

IAEA Database

OPERATIONAL RESEARCH REACTORS WORLDWIDE

4

245

744

OPERATIONAL TEMPORARY SHUTDOWN

UNDER CONSTRUCTION PLANNED

SHUT DOWN DECOMMISSIONED

CANCELLED

7 140

8

19

11

344

Isotope

Production Neutron

Scattering

Neutron

Radiograp

hy

Material

Irradiatio

n

Transmuta

tion

(Gems)

Transmuta

tion (NTD) Teaching/T

raining NAA

Geochro

nology Neutron

therapy Nucl. Data

Provision Innovative

Research

99 52 74 155 21 29 178 127 27 19 2 12



52 out of 245 in

operation in Russia

5

20%

23%

15%

11%

8% 5%

8%

10%

Isotopes Production Facilities by Region 99 RRs worldwide

North America Eastern Europe

Western Europe Far East

Africa South East Asia

Middle East/South Asia Latin America

COMMERCIAL ISOTOPES RESEARCH REACTORS

0

10

20

30

40

50

1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010sNu

mb

er

of

co

un

trie

s

Timeline for isotopes production facilities

Developed countries

Developing countries



6

CHANGING NATURE OF FUTURE GLOBAL MARKET (2020-

2030+)



Large capacity multifunctional

RRs are planned or under

construction in Netherlands,

France, Belgium, Africa, South

America, Russia, China

More newcomer countries are

interested to take on nuclear

energy/own RR path with the

purpose of local consumption

Not only RRs are considered and

commercialized as technologies

for isotopes production

18 RRs - under construction

or planned

IAEA Database

Another 10-15 RRs can come

into pipeline globally

Growing number of commercially available

solutions for isotope production

Ageing fleet: 158 of 245 RRs with

first criticality more than 40

years ago in 39 Countries.

Research

reactors

Cyclotrons

NPPs

Solutions

reactors

7

AFRICA OVERVIEW

Country Facility Name Type Thermal Power Status

Algeria NUR POOL 1 MW OPERATIONAL

Algeria ES-SALAM HEAVY WATER 15 MW OPERATIONAL

Egypt ETRR-2 POOL 22 MW OPERATIONAL

Ghana GHARR-1 MNSR 30 kW OPERATIONAL

Morocco MA-R1 TRIGA MARK II 2 MW OPERATIONAL

Nigeria NIRR-0001 MNSR 30 kW OPERATIONAL

South Africa SAFARI-1 TANK IN POOL 20 MW OPERATIONAL

Egypt ETRR-1 TANK WWR 2 MW TEMPORARY

SHUTDOWN

Libya IRT-1 POOL, IRT 10 MW TEMPORARY

SHUTDOWN

45 Research Reactors with high

utilization rate in 21 countries



SAFARI-I is the One & Only

fully commercial and highly

utilized reactor on the African

continent

8

REGIONAL CHALLENGES & COMPETITION IN ISOTOPES

PRODUCTION MARKET



Egypt

Algeria

Morocco

NIGERIA Small RR in operation

Multipurpose research reactor

possible

SOUTH AFRICA SAFARI-1 reactor


planned and required for

continuous business.

EGYPT

ETRR-2 in operation


possible

GHANA Small RR in operation

Multipurpose

research reactor

possible

4 isotope production reactors

in operation in Africa at the

moment

Potentially 5 more

multipurpose research

reactors can come online in

late 2020s

Regional players on the

markets mainly for domestic

consumption but with

significant export potential

TANZANIA Multipurpose

research reactor

possible

MOROCCO,

ALGERIA Operating fleet of

RRs

9

ROSATOM SOLUTIONS FOR RESEARCH REACTORS

AND CENTERS OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE





For over 50 years, research reactors have been fostering scientific

innovation and education in more than 50 countries worldwide

There are 245 research reactors in operation worldwide

Rosatom has built 120 research reactors in Russia & abroad

Over 50 research facilities are in operation in Russia

In-house capabilities to develop and supply research and training

labs

Broad on-the-job training facilities at research and commercial

research reactors

20 000 employees in Rosatom enterprises and R&D institutions are

supporting Rosatom scientific and research platform and cooperation

with partner-countries

ROSATOM: CORPORATION OF KNOWLEDGE

WHY GO WITH ROSATOM INTO RESEARCH REACTORS?



RUSSIAN RESEARCH REACTORS OVERSEAS

11

• Over 100 research reactors were built in Russia

• More than 20 research reactors were built abroad in cooperation with Russia

and on the basis of Russian designs. The majority - in operation

www.rosatom.ru

RESEARCH REACTORS IN RUSSIA (ROSATOM/TOTAL)

12

Operating Research Reactors

in the World RUSSIA

USA

China Japan France Germany

Others

Different types, power, utilization…

Name Operating Safe

Enclosure

Under

Construction

Total

Research

Reactors

(steady state and

pulse)

19/28 1/1 2/3 22/32

Zero-Power

Reactors (Critical

Assemblies)

12/24 1/1 0 13/25

31/52 2/2 2/3 35/57

Seven from eight steady

state operating reactors

with power not less than 10

MW belong to ROSATOM

13

ROSATOM

Integrated

Solution

for

Research

Reactors

Technical

Solution

Knowledge, skills,

human capital

Industrial

Solution

Financial

Solution

Regulation,

Infrastructure and

Public acceptance

Personnel education & training

(incl. onsite training),

R&D base development,

Operation experience exchange

Project finance structuring

State credits

Partnership schemes

Equipment manufacturing,

service & works

localization,

Technology transfer,

Certification of local

suppliers, participation in

Rosatom third countries

projects

Creation and development of

regulatory base

Spent nuclear fuel and

radioactive waste

management

Social-political programs

support

Modern design

Construction and life cycle management

support (fuel, services, modernization)

Operation & maintenance

SAFETY - basic principle

ROSATOM UNIQUE INTEGRATED SOLUTION FOR RESEARCH

REACTORS AND CENTERS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES



HELPING A CUSTOMER TO IDENTIFY APPLICATIONS


companies. Rosatom disclaims all responsibility for any and all mistakes, quality and completeness of the information. www.rosatom.ru 14

Customers and their needs are important to be identified to elaborate a sound

and efficient technical proposal: training/science vs. training/science/business

Irradiation study of materials

NAA

Neutron radiography

Nuclear, solid state and reactor

physics

Personnel training

Silicon doping

Medical and industrial isotopes

Radiation therapy (boost, neutron capture).

Gem colorization

15

TECHNICAL SOLUTION: RESEARCH REACTORS CAPACITY

RANGE



up to 400 kW ≈ 1 MW

≈ 10 MW ≈ 20 MW

BASIC

TRAINING

RESEARCH

REACTOR

ADVANCED

TRAINING

RESEARCH

REACTOR

BASIC

MULTIPURPOSE

RESEARCH

REACTOR

ADVANCED

MULTIPURPOSE

RESEARCH

REACTOR

1

2 3

Key features of research reactors up to 1 МВт 10 МВт 20 МВт

Fuel assembly type VVR-M2 IRT-4M VVR-KN IRT-4M VVR-KN

Fuel assembly number 70 16 26 40 45

Fuel enrichment, U235, % 19,7

Maximum thermal neutron flux, х1014

1/cm2s: in the core in Be reflector

0.45 0.22

3.2 2

3.3 2

4.1 1.4

4.6 1.2

Reactor service life, years 50

Coolant Demineralized water

Reflector Beryllium

TRAINING

RESEARCH

REACTOR

BASIC

MULTIPURPOSE

RESEARCH

REACTOR

ADVANCED

MULTIPURPOSE

RESEARCH

REACTOR

1 2 3

CAPACITY RANGE KEY CHARACTERISTICS





RESEARCH REACTORS LIFECYCLE SUPPORT BY ROSATOM

Research reactor integrated into Centers of Nuclear

Science and Technologies

Continuous full lifecycle support from Rosatom

• Nuclear Infrastructure and

Regulation

• Design, Engineering and

Construction

• Training and Education

• Service and Maintenance

• Fuel and Radioactive

Sources supply

• Radioactive Waste and

Spent Fuel Management

• Decommissioning

OPTIONAL CONFIGURATIONS FOR CENTERS OF NUCLEAR

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES

CIVIL

INFRASTRUCTURE

LIVING BUILDINGS

LIBRARY

SPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

LIVING BUILDINGS

MUSEUM

LECTURE AUDITORIUMS

MULTIPURPOSE

IRRADIATION

PLANT

LABS LABS

CYCLOTRON

NUCLEAR RESEARCH

FACILITY

Configuration options:

- Research Reactor

- Irradiation Plant

- Cyclotron

- PET-Center

- Laboratories

- Research and

Training Center

- Lecture auditoriums

- Museum

- Exhibit hall

- Civil infrastructure

- Sport facilities

- Campus and

residences

PET-CENTER

18

ROSATOM INTEGRATED NFC SOLUTIONS

• Wet short-time SNF storage or dry long-time

one?

• Reprocessing or final disposal?

• How and where to pack RW?

• How to ship the SNF?

• What should be the mode of decommissioning?

• What to do with reprocessed U and Pu? Nuclear Fuel Research Reactor, NPP

Issues for the Customer Usual Nuclear Fuel Cycle supply

approach

Nuclear Fuel Research Reactor, NPP

Reprocessing in Russia

Interim Storage

Regenerated Materials Shipment

Rosatom Integrated Nuclear Fuel Cycle proposal

19

ROSATOM FUEL FOR RESEARCH REACTORS: LIFETIME FUEL

SUPPLY GUARANTEE

NF for research reactors: Russian design

Fuel assemblies are delivered to customers in transport casks complying with IAEA

regulations by all modes of transport including air

• Design & Fabrication of nuclear fuel for reactors in Russia

• For overseas research reactors of Russian design (8 countries) fuel assemblies with

enrichment in U235 < 20%

• Participation in RERTR Program (conversion of research reactors using HEU fuel to LEU,

U235 < 20%)

NF for research reactors: foreign design

• Fabrication of MTR fuel assemblies with plate-type fuel

elements for research reactors of the Western design

• P20 fuel assemblies manufactured at NCCP by

extrusion technology. NCCP qualification was

completed in 2014

20

21

RESEARCH REACTOR MODERNIZATION & UPGRADES



IBR-2M research reactor (2011) is an

upgraded IBR-2 fast pulsed reactor

reactor (1984) with movable reflector

and record high thermal neutron flux of

1016 cm–2∙s–1

Restart after modernization on February 11, 2011

Key Services for RR Upgrades

Capacity Increase

Key equipment replacements:

neutron sources, reflectors,

etc.

Core modernization for

alternative fuel supplies

New functional facilities

Ageing management / Lifetime

extension

REFERENCE PROJECT – TAJOURA (LIBYA)

CENTER FOR NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES



Research Reactor and Nuclear Center

Design – ROSATOM organizations

Equipment, instruments – Rosatom

organizations, global supply chain (eg.

Siemens)

CNEST configuration: 25 buildings, incl:

- Research reactor 10 MW (light water,

pool type,

IRT-1, 20 kg U, 80 % enrichment, 11

neutron fluxes for research purposes);

- Tokamak;

- Neutron physics lab;

- Radioisotopes complex (14 hot

cells)

- Radiochemical complex (11 hot

cells)

- Auxiliary facilities

Reactor hall

Building of

Tajoura Nuclear

Center

VIETNAM – NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES CENTER

• Capacity – 15MW

• Legal basis – Intergovernmental Agreement

23

General layout of Nuclear

Science and Technologies

Center

• NUCLEAR RESEARCH REACTOR

• MATERIAL TESTING COMPLEX

• RADIOISOTOPE COMPLEX

• PROCESS COMPLEXES

• ENGINEERING COMPLEXES

• RAD WASTE MANAGEMENT

COMPLEX AND SPENT FUEL

STORAGE

Vietnam



• Nuclear Research Reactor (up to

200 кW)

• Multipurpose Irradiation Center

• Cyclotron

• Scientific and human capacity

development labs

• Engineering complexes and

systems

• Social and educational facilities

BOLIVIA – CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DESARROLLO EN

TECNOLOGÍA NUCLEAR ( CIDETEN)



El Alto,

Bolivia • Legal basis – Intergovernmental

Agreement (signed March 6, 2016)

• First RR at 4100 m altitude

25

SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE



26

• Approaching end of lifetime, due

time reactor replacement

• Need to keep isotopes business

and market share, current clients

• Regulatory challenges

• 50+ years in operation

• Availability – 300+ days a year

• Average reactor power of 20 MW

• One of the highest utilized reactors in

the world

• Leading global isotopes producer (60

client countries)

SOUTH AFRICA – SAFARI-I SUCCESS STORY



SAFARI-I

Pelindaba,

South Africa

1965 - SOP 2015 – 50 y/o 2023 – expected end of

lifetime (+1-3 yrs?)

Key successes Key challenges

27

SOUTH AFRICA – MULTIPURPOSE RESEARCH REACTOR

PERSPECTIVE



Irradiation study of materials

NAA

Neutron radiography

Nuclear, solid state and reactor

physics

Personnel training

Silicon doping

Medical and industrial isotopes

Radiation therapy (boost, neutron capture).

Gem colorization

Pelindaba,

South Africa

MULTIPURPOSE RESEARCH REACTOR design must be capable to deliver

efficiently on OPTIMUM RESEARCH REACTOR APPLICATIONS MIX:



SOUTH AFRICA – MULTIPURPOSE RESEARCH REACTOR

DESIGN IDEAS

DESIGN IDEAS

Pelindaba

South Africa

• Keeping the leading position globally in

production of Mo-99, I-131 for medicine,

Ir-192, Co-60 for industrial applications

• Radiation services on Lu-177, Y-90

• Production for locals needs of Lu-177,

short lived Sm-153

IMPLEMENTATION IMPERATIVES



SAFARI-I 1965 - SOP 2015 – 50 y/o

2023 – expected end

of lifetime (+1-3 yrs?)

PROJECT COMPLEXITY, ITS CAPACITY AND TECHNICAL PARAMETERS DEFINE LONG

LEAD PLANNING, DESIGN AND LICENSING PROCEDURES THAT MAY TAKE UP TO 7-8

YEARS

?

KICK OFF- T0

2016-2017

Thank you!



Baie Dankie!

Ngiyabonga!

nuclear research reactors: global trends, challenges and ... vysotski... · АКЦИОНЕРНОЕ...

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