nuclear power made in france the model? - npec · 2011-10-11 · mycle schneider consulting...

Washington DC, September 2008Mycle Schneider Consulting

Nuclear Power Made in FranceThe Model?

Mycle SchneiderInternational Consultant on Energy and Nuclear Policy

NPEC, 15 September 2008


1. General Context2. Electricity, Primary Energy, Final Energy and Oil Myth2. Overcapacities and Peak Load Trap3. Electricity Trade4. Plutonium Glut5. Public Opinion


Nuclear Powerin the WorldBy Country

(as of September 2008)

Sources: IAEA-PRIS 2008, BP 2008, WNA 2008, MSC 2008

+ 5 countries (11 units)= 15 countries stable— 11 countries, incl. France (218 units or 50%)


Sour

ce: M

.Sch

neid

er, Y

.Mar

igna

c (W

ISE-

Pari

s), “

Repr

oces

sing

in F

ranc

e”, I

PFM

200

8Nuclear France

• 58 PWR• 1 FBR• ca. 260 Facilities with>1 SQs of Nuclear Material


Source:DGEMP 2008

Coal

Oil

Gas

Electricity

Renewables&Waste


Source: French Ministry of Ecology, Energy and Sustainable Development,Bilan Energie 2007, 2008


Mtoe Level of Energy

Independence

Nuclear Primary Energy Generation

+ other Primary Energies (Renewables, etc)

114.6

21.8 50.4%

a) Electricity exports 56.8 TWh - 4.9

b) Nuclear auto-consumption ca. 18 TWh - 1.6

Primary Energy Generation/Independence 129.9 48.0%

c) Nuclear final energy contribution

+ Renewables

+ Coal, oil, gas

28.7

11.9

2.0

Final Energy Generation/Independence I 42.6 23.9%

d) - Uranium imports

e) + Plutonium & reprocessed uranium credit

- 28.7

+1.3

Final Energy Generation/Independence II 15.2 8.5%

Source: Mycle Schneider Consulting

Adjusted Level of French Energy Independence in 2007


Mycle Schneider :

Quelle couleur pour quel secteur

Mycle Schneider :

Quelle couleur pour quel secteur


CO2 Emissions by Sector in France from 1970 to 2004 (million tons of carbon)


Electricity Consumption in France 1990-2007


French Electricity Trade 2001-2007

RTE, Statistiques 2007, 2008


EDF Restarts 30-Year Old Oil Fired Power Plants

2600 MWTotal

20081995?700 MWAramon-1

2007?1976700 MWCordemais-3

200619981973600 MWPorcheville-2

200819951968600 MWPorcheville-1

RestartMothballedOriginalStart-up

CapacityOil Plant

EDF operates its oil fired power plantsbetween 200 h et 1500 h per year.


AREVA’s Representation of the « Fuel Cycle »

Source: www.areva.com


Wastes and Materials Generated in the Fuel Chain

© WISE-Paris

Conv

ersi

onEn

richm

ent

~VLLW ~LLW HLW

UraniumOre

NaturalUranium

UF6

EnrichedUranium

UO2

UraniumFuelUOX

SpentUranium

Fuel

DepletedUranium

U3O8

UraniumTailings

Uranium Fuel ChainUranium Fuel Chain

Fuel

fabr

icat

ion

Reac

tor

use

Min

ing

Mill

ing

Stor

age

Disp

osal



© WISE-Paris

Conv

ersi

onEn

richm

ent

~VLLW ~LLW HLW

UraniumOre

NaturalUranium

UF6

EnrichedUranium

UO2

SpentUranium

Fuel

DepletedUranium

U3O8

UraniumTailings

Uranium Fuel Chain

Fuel

fabr

icat

ion

Reac

tor

use

Min

ing

Mill

ing

Repr

oces

sing

Stor

age

Disp

osal

AREVA NC La Hague: 750 acres, 6,000 peopleAREVA NC La Hague: 750 acres, 6,000 peopleAREVA NC La Hague: 750 acres, 6,000 people

UraniumFuelUOX



© WISE-Paris

Conv

ersi

onEn

richm

ent

~VLLW ~LLW HLW HLW

UraniumOre

NaturalUranium

UF6

EnrichedUranium

UO2

UraniumFuelUOX

SpentUranium

Fuel

Spent Uranium

Fuel

DepletedUranium

U3O8

UraniumTailings

ILWILW

Uranium Fuel ChainReprocessingUranium Fuel ChainReprocessingReprocessing

VitrifiedWaste

StructureWaste

ProcessWaste

Fuel

fabr

icat

ion

Reac

tor

use

Min

ing

Mill

ing

Repr

oces

sing

Stor

age

Disp

osal



© WISE-Paris

Conv

ersi

onEn

richm

ent

~VLLW ~LLW HLW HLW

UraniumOre

NaturalUranium

UF6

EnrichedUranium

UO2

UraniumFuelUOX

SpentUranium

Fuel

Spent Uranium

Fuel

DepletedUranium

U3O8

UraniumTailings

DepletedUranium

UO2SeparatedPlutonium

PuO2 MOXFuel

MOXScrap

SpentMOX

SeparatedPlutonium

PuO2

ILW

HLW

ILW

HLW

HLW

Uranium Fuel ChainReprocessingPlutonium Re-use

PuO2

Uranium Fuel ChainReprocessingReprocessingPlutonium Re-useReprocessingPlutonium Re-use

SeparatedPlutonium

VitrifiedWaste

StructureWaste

ProcessWaste

Fuel

fabr

icat

ion

Reac

tor

use

Min

ing

Mill

ing

Repr

oces

sing

Stor

age

Disp

osal



© WISE-Paris

Conv

ersi

onEn

richm

ent

~VLLW ~LLW HLW HLW

UraniumOre

NaturalUranium

UF6

EnrichedUranium

UO2

UraniumFuelUOX

SpentUranium

Fuel

Spent Uranium

Fuel

DepletedUranium

U3O8

UraniumTailings

ReprocessedUraniumU Nitrate

ReprocessedUranium

UF6RE-RepU

UO2

RE-RepUFuel

SpentRE-RepU

Fuel

DepletedRE-RepU

U3O8

ReprocessedUranium

U3O8

DepletedUranium


PuO2 MOXFuel

MOXScrap

SpentMOX

SeparatedPlutonium

PuO2

ILW

HLW

ILW

HLW

HLW

~ILW

~LLW

HLW

Uranium Fuel ChainReprocessingPlutonium Re-useUranium Re-use

PuO2

Uranium Fuel ChainReprocessingReprocessingPlutonium Re-useReprocessingPlutonium Re-useUranium Re-useUranium Re-use

SeparatedPlutonium

VitrifiedWaste

StructureWaste

ProcessWaste

Fuel

fabr

icat

ion

Reac

tor

use

Min

ing

Mill

ing

Repr

oces

sing

Stor

age

Disp

osal



© WISE-Paris

Conv

ersi

onEn

richm

ent

~VLLW ~LLW HLW HLW

UraniumOre

NaturalUranium

UF6

EnrichedUranium

UO2

UraniumFuelUOX

SpentUranium

Fuel

Spent Uranium

Fuel

DepletedUranium

U3O8

UraniumTailings


ReprocessedUranium

UF6RE-RepU

UO2

RE-RepUFuel

SpentRE-RepU

Fuel

DepletedRE-RepU

U3O8

ReprocessedUranium

U3O8

DepletedUranium


PuO2 MOXFuel

MOXScrap

SpentMOX

SeparatedPlutonium

PuO2

Operat-ional

Waste

ILW

HLW

ILW

HLW

HLW

~ILW

~LLW

HLW

ILWLLW

Uranium Fuel ChainReprocessingPlutonium Re-useUranium Re-useOperation

PuO2

Uranium Fuel ChainReprocessingReprocessingPlutonium Re-useReprocessingPlutonium Re-useUranium Re-useUranium Re-useOperationOperation

SeparatedPlutonium

VitrifiedWaste

StructureWaste

ProcessWaste

Fuel

fabr

icat

ion

Reac

tor

use

Min

ing

Mill

ing

Repr

oces

sing

Stor

age

Disp

osal



© WISE-Paris

Conv

ersi

onEn

richm

ent

~VLLW ~LLW HLW HLW

UraniumOre

NaturalUranium

UF6

EnrichedUranium

UO2

UraniumFuelUOX

SpentUranium

Fuel

Spent Uranium

Fuel

DepletedUranium

U3O8

UraniumTailings


ReprocessedUranium

UF6RE-RepU

UO2

RE-RepUFuel

SpentRE-RepU

Fuel

DepletedRE-RepU

U3O8

ReprocessedUranium

U3O8

DepletedUranium


PuO2 MOXFuel

MOXScrap

SpentMOX

SeparatedPlutonium

PuO2

Decom-missioning

Waste

Operat-ional

Waste

ILW

HLW

ILW

HLW

HLW

~ILW

~LLW

HLW

ILWLLW

LLWVLLW

Uranium Fuel ChainReprocessingPlutonium Re-useUranium Re-useOperationDecommissioning

PuO2

Uranium Fuel ChainReprocessingReprocessingPlutonium Re-useReprocessingPlutonium Re-useUranium Re-useUranium Re-useOperationOperationDecommissioningOperationDecommissioning

SeparatedPlutonium

VitrifiedWaste

StructureWaste

ProcessWaste

Fuel

fabr

icat

ion

Reac

tor

use

Min

ing

Mill

ing

Repr

oces

sing

Stor

age

Disp

osal


Source:WISE-Paris

Separated PlutoniumShipments in France


Fresh MOXShipmentsin France

Source:WISE-Paris


Foreign Spent Fuel Stored at La Hagueas of 31 December 2007, in kilograms (!)

Source: AREVA NC, March 2008Note: Total quantity stored: 8,849 tons (!), 99.8% French.


Number of « Moxed » Reactors in France 1987 - 2007


Growth of French Separated Plutonium StockMetric Tons


Gallup, Attitudes on issues related to EU Energy Policy, European Commission, DG TREN, April 2007

Public Opinion on Nuclear Power in the EU


“The European public is still stronglyopposed to the use of nuclear power;those who are worried about climate changeare even more fiercely opposed.”

Gallup, Attitudes on issues related to EU Energy Policy, European Commission, DG TREN, April 2007


• Nuclear power covers 77% of electricity, <40% of primary energy;only 16% of final energy (oil still covers about half);• France consumes more oil per capita than Germany, the UK, Italy orthe EU on average and EDF reactivates 2,600 MW of 30- to 40-year oldoil fired power plants;• France accumulates a record foreign trade deficit of over $70 billion in2007, Germany hits a record trade surplus of over $300 billion;• EPR construction in Finland: after three years construction, two yearsbehind schedule and 50% or $2.2 billion over budget; similar problemsat the French Flamanville site; safety authorities halted concreting foralmost two months because of significant quality control issues;• France has piled up >50 tons of plutonium, which has no book value;• Negligible new foreign reprocessing (Italy, 250t) and EDF did not signup for a new long term contract yet because of increasing cost pressure.• French public is as skeptical as in the rest of Europe.

Conclusions

nuclear power made in france the model? - npec · 2011-10-11 · mycle schneider consulting...

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