nuclear power in pakistan

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Nuclear Power In Pakistan

By:

Shahrukh Saleem

M.Sc Electrical Power


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Synopsis

Pakistan is the 7th nuclear weapon state and nuclearpower.

As of 2009, the nuclear power plants make up to 2.4%share of the total generation, where the electricity made

by fossil fuel (coal, gas & oil) is 65.2 % and 33.9% of itis from the Hydro power.

At present, Pakistan has two nuclear reactors of 425MW power to generate electricity. The third nuclearreactor will be operational in mid-2010.

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) isresponsible for all nuclear energy and researchapplications in the country.


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Generation Share In Pakistan

2.40%

65.20

%

33.90

%

1

2

3

Generation Share in Pakistan

Nuclear Generation

Thermal Generation

Hydel Generation


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Civilian Nuclear Program


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Brief Introduction

Pakistans first nuclear power reactor is a small (125MWe) Canadian pressurized heavy water reactor(PHWR) which started up in 1971 and which is underinternational safeguards KANUPP near Karachi,which is operated at reduced power. KANUPP-2 and

KANUPP-3 are under construction and are being builtby PAEC.

The KANUPP-2 (1000 MWe) and KANUPP-3 (1000Mwe) are a part of Pakistan's civilian nuclear program.

The three units of nuclear power plant are under IAEA

safeguards. KANUPP is supplying power to KESC & is not

controlled by National Power Control Center.


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Contd..

The third nuclear power reactor is Pakistan Nuclear

Power Fuel Complex (1000 MWe) pressurized water

reactor, constructed indigenously by Pakistan's PAEC,

under IAEA safeguards.

The main part of the plant is designed on the model of

CHASMA Nuclear Power Plant.

The 90% of work of plant is done and will generate

electricity in 2010.


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Pakistan Nuclear Power Reactors


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Fuel - Uranium


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Fuel cycle

Enriched fuel for the PWRs is imported from China.

China then in 2007 deferred development of its CNP-

1000 type which is the only one able to be exported.

Pakistan is now exploring the possibility of smaller unitswith higher local content.

The government has set a target of producing 350

tonnes U3O8 per year from 2015 to meet one third of

anticipated requirements then. Low grade ore is knownin central Punjab at Bannu Basin and Suleman Range.


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Fuel Enrichment Plants

A small uranium centrifuge enrichment plant at Kahuta

has been operated by the PAEC since 1984.

A newer plant is reported to be at Gadwal. It is not

under safeguards.

Other plants in the pipeline are, Pakistan Nuclear

Power Fuel Complex which would be under IAEA

safeguards & the enrichment plant at Chak Jhumra,

Faisalabad, in Punjab.


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Radioactive Waste Management


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Nuclear Wastes

The PAEC has responsibility for radioactive waste

management.

A Radioactive Waste Management Fund is proposed in

a new proposed policy.

Waste Management Centres are proposed for Karachi

and Chashma.

Used fuel is currently stored at each reactor in pools.

Longer-term dry storage at each site is proposed. The

question of future reprocessing remains open.


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Nuclear Regulation


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Regulatory Authority

Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority is responsible for

licensing and supervision, and in respect to the Chashma

reactors it works closely with China's NNSA, National Nuclear

Security Administration.


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Nuclear Power Plants in Pakistan

CHASHNUPP-1

KANUPP-1


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Active Nuclear Power Plants inPakistan


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Karachi Nuclear Power PlantKANUPP


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PLANT DESCRIPTION


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General Plant Features

Owner/Operator: Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Prime contractor and designer: Canadian General

Electric Company Ltd. Reactor type: CANada Deutrium Uranium (CANDU)

Pressurized Heavy Water (PHWR) Heat transferred to steam cycle: 432.8 MW (thermal) Gross output: 137,000 kWe Net station output: 125,000 kWe

Generation/ transmission voltage: 15/132 kV Capital cost (1971): Rs. 428.026 Million Overall station efficiency: 27.42%


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Waste Management

Radioactive waste released from KANUPP occur in solid, liquidand gaseous forms.

Solid waste and resins are stored within plant site in adequatelyshielded places. Over 99% of the radioactive substancesproduced in the reactor remain entrapped inside the fuel.

Used nuclear fuel discharged to-date is stored in water-filled bays- a safe arrangement for storage.

The low level solid waste is stored in concrete trenches located inan isolated area near the plant. The trenches are capped andtheir surface is regularly monitored for any activity.

Liquid waste is disposed after chemical and radiological analysis. Gaseous wastes are passed through high efficiency filters before

discharge. On line monitors are also installed on the stack tomeasure the activity released to the atmosphere.


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Chashma Nuclear PowerPlant CHASNUPP 1


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CHASNUPP - 1

The Plant is located in the province of Punjab near

Chashma Barrage on the left bank of River Indus

The construction of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant

Unit-1 (CHASNUPP-1), the second nuclear power plant

in Pakistan, was started in 1992 with the help of

People's Republic of China. It has been in commercial

operation since September 2000.

CHASNUPP-1 is a two-loop, single unit, PWR plant with

gross output of 325 MWe & net output of 300 MWe andlife span of 40 years.


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PLANT DESCRIPTION


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Plant Technical Features

Ch h N l P Pl


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Chashma Nuclear Power PlantII, III & IV

Chashma Nuclear Power Plant II is a nuclear power

station under construction at Kundian, Punjab,

Pakistan.

The site is located south of Mianwali, near the

Chashma Barrage and on the left bank of the Indus

River.

CHASNUPP-2 will be a single-unit plant of 300 MWe

class and include a two-loop pressurized water reactor

nuclear steam supply system furnished by CNNC. CHASNUPP III & IV units will both have generation

capacity of 340MWe and a design life of 40 years


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Nuclear Power Research& Development


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R&D and Other Activities

Research is also being carried out by Pakistan Atomic Energy

Commission for safe operation of the Nuclear Power Plants.

Applied System Analysis group of Pakistan Atomic Energy

Commission is commissioned for Energy, electricity and nuclear

power planning for Pakistan and analysis of related economic,

financial and environmental issues.

Pakistan also has a 10 MW research reactor, PARR-Reactor, of

1965 vintage operated by the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear

Science and Technology.

Another "multipurpose" reactor, a 50 MWt PHWR near Khushab,started operating in 1998 and is evidently for producing weapons-

grade plutonium. A similar or possibly larger heavy water reactor

has been under construction at Khushab since about 2002


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nuclear power in pakistan

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