nuclear chemistry. nuclear chemistry objectives students will be able to identify what radioisotopes...
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Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry Objectives• Students will be able to identify what radioisotopes
are and why they undergo radioactivity.• Students will be able to compare properties of
nuclear reactions with chemical reactions.• Students will demonstrate understanding of
radioactive decay through application and graphing. • Students will assess the application of nuclear
chemistry as a continual alternative resource of energy for developed countries.
• Students will understand and classify nuclear reactions by the types of radiation produced.
Nuclear Chemistry Objectives• Students will be able to identify what radioisotopes
are and why they undergo radioactive decay.
• Students will demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay through applications and graphing.
• Students will understand and classify nuclear reactions by the types of radiation produced.
Chemistry I : 10/28
Objectives:• Atomic Structure Unit Exam• I can use the band of stability graph to predict if
an isotope is radioactive.
Homework: Band of Stability Wksht.: Read and plot isotopes
on band of stability graph.
Chemistry I : 10/29Due:Band of Stability Worksheet
Objectives:• I can use the band of stability graph to predict if
an isotope is radioactive.
Homework: Band of Stability Wksht.: Graph isotopes and
predict if radioactive.
Band of Stability Graph Analysis
1. What subatomic particles determined if each isotope had a stable nucleus?
2. Explain how the band of stability graph helps you determine if an isotope has a stable nucleus or not?
3. Does Xe-131 or Xe-135 have an unstable nucleus? Explain how you know this.
4. How many neutrons are needed to stabilize Gd-160?
5. Does most atoms need equal, more, or less neutrons to stabilize the protons in the nucleus?
Nuclear Band of Stability
http://www.hasdeu.bz.edu.ro/softuri/fizica/mariana/Atomica/Table/lessons/11nuclear/nuclear.htm
Radioisotopes Radioisotopes • Atoms with unstable nuclei.• The ratio of protons-to-neutrons is not adequate
for nuclear stability.• Most elements need more neutrons than protons to
maintain stability within the nucleus.• Elements with 83 or more protons are
radioisotopes. • Elements with less than 83 protons have at least
one radioisotope.
Nuclear Reactions: Half-Life
radioisotope parent decays α + daughter isotope isotope(unstable) (stable)
Transmutation: An element is converted into a new element during a nuclear reaction.
• Half-Life: The time it takes for half of a radioisotope sample (parent isotope) to decay into a more stable isotope (daughter isotope). Nuclear Equation:
Chemistry I : 10/30Objectives:• I can use the band of stability graph to predict
if an isotope is radioactive.• I can model, graph, and interpret radioactivity.
Homework:• Radiometric Dating Graph Worksheet
Radioactive Decay Graph
astronomy.nmsu.edu
Chemistry I : 10/31Objectives:• I can use the band of stability graph to predict
if an isotope is radioactive.• I can model, graph, and interpret radioactivity.• Complete M&Mium Lab
Homework:• Complete post-lab qts. for M&Mium lab.• Study for Radioactive quiz (tomorrow).
Radioactive Decay LabPurpose: Simulate and graph the radioactive decay
of an artificial radioisotope, M&Mium.
Pre-Lab Questions: 1. What side of the candy represents the parent isotope?2. What side of the candy represent the daughter isotope?3. What is the half-life of the M&Mium radioisotope?
Hypothesis: Complete on lab.
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usd314.k12.ks.us
Chem I : 11/1Infinite Campus Update:• Atomic Structure Exam (34pts.)• Band of Stability Wksht./Bell Ringer (11pts.)• Radioactivity Graphing Wksht. (10pts.)Due: • M&Mium Radioactive Decay LabObjectives:• I can use the band of stability graph to predict
if an isotope is radioactive.• I can model, graph, and interpret radioactivity. • Radioactive Decay Quiz.
Radioactive Decay Lab: Data Table Number of Half-Lives
Total Time(seconds)
# of M&Miums(parent isotope)
Daughter Isotope(decayed)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Chem I : 11/4Infinite Campus Update:• M&Mium Lab (25pts.)• Radioactivity Quiz (16pts.)Objectives:• Review Radioactivity Quiz• I can model, graph, assess radioactivity.• Review Atomic Structure Exam
Homework:• Radioactivity problems• Radioactivity article (due Wednesday)
Radioactive Decay Quiz
Nuclear Band of Stability
http://www.hasdeu.bz.edu.ro/softuri/fizica/mariana/Atomica/Table/lessons/11nuclear/nuclear.htm
Radioactive Decay Graph
astronomy.nmsu.edu
Radioactive Decay Problems1. a. A patient is given a 100 mg sample of I-131.
How much of the isotope will remain in the body after 16 days? The half-life of I-131 isotopes is 8 days.
b. How many days will pass for a 1.0g sample of I-131 isotope to decay to 0.25g.
Chem I : 11/5Due:M%Mium Lab Corrections• Radioisotopes and Radioactive DecayObjectives:• Review Atomic Structure Exam• I can model, graph, calculate radioactivity.• I can classify and predict products of nuclear
reaction. Homework:• Radioactivity article (due Wednesday)
Radioactivity Decay Review Wksht. Key4a. I-131 b. C-14 c. U-2385. No, only 75% of parent isotope decays, still
25% remaining.6. 1 million radioactive atoms7. a.0.625 mg of I-131 remaining b. 24 days8 a. 20% b. about 85 grams c. about 83 days d. about 28 days*9. 915 B.C. (bonus qts.)
Radioactive Decay
Atomic Structure Exam
Nuclear Chemistry Objectives• Students will understand, classify, and predict
nuclear reactions by the types of radiation produced.
Nuclear Radiation• Types of radiation can be classified by changes in
mass number and atomic number between the parent isotope and the daughter isotope.
Chem I (2nd) : 11/5Due:• M&Mium Lab corrections• Radioactivity Article Qts.
Objectives:• I can classify and predict products of nuclear
reaction.
Homework:Nuclear Reactions wksht.
Radioactivity Article
Chem I (3rd/5th) : 11/5Due:• M&Mium Lab corrections• Radioactivity Article Qts.
Objectives:• I can model, graph, and calculate radioactivity.• I can classify and predict products of nuclear
reaction.
Homework:Nuclear Reactions wksht.
Nuclear RadiationNuclear Radiation:• Matter and energy produced during a
nuclear reaction.
• Three main types of nuclear radiation:1.Alpha radiation (α )2.Beta radiation (β)3.Gamma radiation (ϒ)
Nuclear Radiation
paper
wood
concrete or lead
Types of radiation can be classified by type of shielding.
(alpha particle)
(beta particle)
(gamma particle)
Types of Nuclear Radiation•Types of radiation can be classified by their charges.
Alpha (α ) Reaction
parent decays α + daughter isotopeisotope particle (stable) (unstable) (He nucleus)
• change in mass number:decreases by 4
• change in atomic number: decreases by 2
•Has a transmutation occurred? Yes, new element
Beta (β) Radiation
parent daughter β particle isotope isotope
• change in mass number: stays the same
• change in atomic number: increases by one
• Has a transmutation occured? Yes, new element
Gamma (ϒ) Radiation
parent decays α + daughter isotope + ϒ
isotope particle (stable) gamma(unstable) (He nucleus) particle
+ϒ
• change in mass number:does not change
• change in atomic number:does not change
Gamma is just energy NOT matter.
Chem I : 11/7Due:• Nuclear Reaction WorksheetObjectives:• I can classify and predict products of nuclear
reaction.
Homework:Complete Nuclear Reaction WorksheetReview over nuclear radiation/reactions(quiz Fri.)
Nuclear Radiation: Bell Ringer1. Why do nuclear reactions exist in nature?2. T or F: The increase in temperature or the
addition of a catalyst will speed up a nuclear reaction.
3. What do we call atoms that undergo a nuclear reaction?
4. Distinguish between the three types or radiation particles that can be products of a nuclear reaction.
Radioactive Decay Graph
astronomy.nmsu.edu
Nuclear Reactions: classification and prediction
ICP : 10/28
Objectives:• Atomic Structure Exam
ICP : 10/29Objectives:• I can use the band of stability graph to predict if an
isotope is radioactive.
Homework:• Classify isotopes as radioactive by graphing on Band
of Stability worksheet.
Nuclear Band of Stability
http://www.hasdeu.bz.edu.ro/softuri/fizica/mariana/Atomica/Table/lessons/11nuclear/nuclear.htm
ICP : 10/30Due:Band of Stability Graph wksht.Objectives:• I can use the band of stability graph to predict if an
isotope is radioactive.
Homework:• Classify additional isotopes as radioactive by applying
Band of Stability graph.
Band of Stability Graph Analysis
1. What subatomic particles determined if each isotope had a stable nucleus?
2. Explain how the band of stability graph helps you determine if an isotope has a stable nucleus or not?
3. Does Xe-131 or Xe-135 have an unstable nucleus? Explain how you know this.
Nuclear Band of Stability
http://www.hasdeu.bz.edu.ro/softuri/fizica/mariana/Atomica/Table/lessons/11nuclear/nuclear.htm
Radioisotopes Radioisotopes • Atoms with unstable nuclei.• The ratio of protons-to-neutrons is not adequate
for nuclear stability.• Most elements need more neutrons than protons to
maintain stability within the nucleus.
• A reaction that occurs within the nucleus of a radioisotope in order to stabilize it.
• Also called: radioactive decay; radioactivity
• Spontaneous Reactions (occurs naturally).
• Reaction rates (speed of reactions) remain constant.
Nuclear Reactions
ICP : 10/31
Due: Band of Stability Graph Objectives:• I can use the band of stability graph to predict
if an isotope is radioactive.• I can model, graph, and interpret radioactivity. • Complete and analyze M&Mium lab. Homework:Complete post lab qts. Radioctivity Quiz tomorrow
Nuclear Reactions: Half-Life
• Half-Life: The time it takes for half of a radioisotope sample (parent isotope) to decay into a more stable isotope (daughter isotope).
Radioactive Decay LabPurpose: Simulate and graph the radioactive decay
of an artificial radioisotope, M&Mium.
Pre-Lab Questions: 1. What side of the candy represents the parent isotope?2. What side of the candy represent the daughter isotope?3. What is the half-life of the M&Mium radioisotope?
Hypothesis: Complete on lab.
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usd314.k12.ks.us
ICP : 11/1Infinite Campus Update: Band of Stability Graph Due: M&Mium Lab
Objectives:• I can use the band of stability graph to predict
if an isotope is radioactive.• I can model, graph, and interpret radioactivity. • Complete and analyze M&Mium lab.
Radioactive Decay Lab: Data Table Number of Half-Lives
Total Time(seconds)
# of M&Miums(parent isotope)
Daughter Isotope(decayed)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Radioactive Decay Graph
astronomy.nmsu.edu
ICP : 11/4Infinite Campus Update: M&Mium Lab (25 pts.)Radioactivity Quiz (10pts.)Due: M&Mium LabObjectives:• Review Atomic Structure Exam• Review Radioactivity Quiz• I can model, graph, and interpret radioactivity. Homework:Radiometric Dating GraphAtomic Structure Review- Make-up qts. Wed.
Atomic Structure Exam
Radioactivity Quiz
Nuclear Band of Stability
http://www.hasdeu.bz.edu.ro/softuri/fizica/mariana/Atomica/Table/lessons/11nuclear/nuclear.htm
Radioactive Decay Graph
astronomy.nmsu.edu
ICP : 11/5
Due: • Radiometric Dating Graph• M&Mium Lab corrections
Objectives:• I can model, graph, and interpret radioactivity.
Homework:Radioisotopes and Radioactive Decay WorksheetStudy for make-up exam over Atomic Structure
Radioactive Decay Graph
astronomy.nmsu.edu
Nuclear Reactions: Half-Life
Transmutation: An element is converted into a different element during a nuclear reaction.
• Half-Life: The time it takes for half of a radioisotope sample (parent isotope) to decay into a more stable isotope (daughter isotope). Example: C-14 converted to N-14
ICP : 11/6
Objectives:• I can model, graph, and interpret radioactivity. • I can model electron arrangement in an atom.
Homework:Radioisotopes and Radioactive Decay WorksheetStudy for make-up exam over Atomic Structure (Thurs.)
ICP : 11/7Due:Radioactivity Article
Objectives:• Atomic Structure Make-up Exam• I can model, graph, and interpret radioactivity. • I can model electron arrangement in an atom.
Homework:Radioisotopes and Radioactive Decay WorksheetStudy for make-up exam over Atomic Structure (Thurs.)
Radiometric Dating Article
• Read and summarize the article on radiometric dating.
Electron Arrangement
Radioisotope Worksheet
• In class: Work on qts. 1a.-b.; 4a., 5a.-d.
Radioactive Decay Exit Slip
Nuclear Radiation Problems
Transmutation
parent decays α + daughter isotopeisotope particle (stable) (unstable) (He nucleus)
Transmutation: •An element is converted to a new element during
radioactive decay.•A parent isotope is converted to daughter isotope•An unstable atom converted to a more stable atom.•Atomic number changes during radioactive decay
Stopping Here
Nuclear Chemistry Objective
• Students can explain the difference between fission and fusion.
• Students can analyze the benefits and risks of nuclear energy
TransmutationTransmutation occurs during:1. Radioactive Decay
2. Bombarding an atom’s nucleus with particles.-can occur naturally or artificially-fission and fusion nuclear reactions
Fission vs. FusionFission Fusion
Similarities
Nuclear Fission• Fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus by
bombarding it with neutrons.
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Nuclear Fission Application
chm.bris.ac.ukenglish-online.at
• Generates electricity where only steam is released into the environment.
Nuclear Fission Problem
• Nuclear Waste: Spent fuel rods must be disposed of properly. (pg. 812 in text)
• On-site or off-site holding tanks called pools.
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Nuclear Fusion• Nuclear Fusion – Small radioisotope nuclei
combine.
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Nuclear Fusion
• Produces immense amount of energy.
• Does not produce nuclear waste• Applications? Not yet. Requires immense amount of energy.
Example: sun (40,000,000 0C)
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Nuclear Chemistry Objectives
• Students will assess the application of nuclear chemistry as a continual alternative resource of energy for developed countries.
Assessment by:-reading and annotating literature that addresses pros
and cons of nuclear energy.- Debating with peers why we should or should not
depend on nuclear energy.- Formulating an opinion based on facts as to why the
U.S. should continue to support the research and development of nuclear energy. (ORQ format)
Exit Slip
1. What is the difference between fission and fusion and give an example of each?
2. Should the United States continue the research, development, and application of nuclear energy through nuclear fission?
Nuclear Chemistry Objective
• I can analyze the benefits and risks of nuclear energy. (SC-H-ET-S-2)
Nuclear Energy Debate
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Nuclear Energy
www.nukepills.com
Chernobyl,Ukraine Nuclear Disaster Effects
Fukushima, Japan Disaster Effects
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Gallery Walk: Nuclear Energy Pros and Cons
• Each debate group record on chart paper important pros and cons you addressed today.
• Walk around and observe what other debate groups discussed.
Exit Slip: Nuclear Energy1. Did today’s nuclear energy debate strengthen or
weaken your view on this issue?
2. What is your view on this issue now: Should the U.S. continue to support the research, development, and application of nuclear energy?
*Make sure to validate your view with several supporting facts. *