ntp.fraguado del concreto word

7/25/2019 NTP.fraguado Del Concreto Word

1/22

Facultad de Ingeniera, Arquitectura y Urbanismo

Ingeniera Civil

Fraguado del concreto: Actividad

constructiva en esta etapa.

Curso: Tecnologa del concreto

Docente: Mondragn Castaeda Carlos Ernesto

Estudiantes:

Orlando Adrianzen FloresCabrera Alcntara AnthonyCastillo Piscoya, Gsta!oCosar "oto Fran#Cyan $arboza, Ed%inPeralta Panta, &orge

Aula: '()

Ao acadmico: *(+-.

Pi/entel *(+


2/22

NDICEINTRODUCCIN..................................................................................................3

FRAGUADO DEL CONCRETO............................................................................4

FALSO FRAGUADO.............................................................................................5TIEMPO DE FRAGUADO DEL CONCRETO.......................................................5

LOS FACTORES QUE MS INCIDEN EN LOS TIEMPOS DE FRAGUADO:. 6

DETERMINACIN DEL TIEMPO DE FRAGUADO INICIAL Y FINAL DELCEMENTO:........................................................................................................7

NORMAS:................................................................................................7

OBJETIVOS:...........................................................................................7

DISCUSIN TERICA:...........................................................................

LA AGUJA DE VICAT........................................................................................!LAS AGUJAS GILLMORE..............................................................................."#

USO DEL APARATO DE VICAT......................................................................"$

% MATERIAL:............................................................................................"$

% EQUIPO:................................................................................................"$

PROCEDIMIENTO:..............................................................................."$

DETERMINACIN DEL TIEMPO DE FRAGUADO INICIAL......................."4

DETERMINACIN DEL TIEMPO DE FRAGUADO FINAL........................."5

ACTIVIDAD CONSTRUCTIVA EN LA ETAPA DE FRAGUADO DELCONCRETO......................................................................................................."7

A&'() *( +, -%+%-,-/& *( -%&-0('%:..............................................................."7

D10,&'( +, -%+%-,-/& *(+ -%&-0('% (& +,) -20,):........................................"

D()1) *( ,(0 -%+%-,*% (+ -%&-0('% (& +,) -20,):..............................."!

PROTECCIN DEL CONCRETO RECIN ACABADO.................................."!

BOBLIOGRAF8A.................................................................................................$"

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3/22

INTRODUCCIN

E+ 90,1,*% )( *(9&( -%2%: L, -%&*-/& ,+-,&;,*, %0 1&, ,)', -(2(&'-%(+%-*,*() *( 0(,--/&< (&(0,& -,+%0 *,& %0(& , &1(>%) -%21()'%)(+%-*,*.

E+ 90,1,*% &-,+ (+ 90,1,*% 9&,+ )( *('(02&,& ,0'0,0,2(&'( %0 (+(&),% *( 0())'(&-, , +, (&('0,-/&. E+ 90,1,*% &-,+ &*-, (+ 2%2(&'% (&(+ =1( +, 2,), , ,*=10*% ',&', 0*(; =1( &% 1(*( )(0 >0,*% )& *,,0 )1()'01-'10, &'(0&,. P%0 +% ',&'%< (+ -%&%-2(&'% *(+ -%2%0',2(&'% *(90,1,*% *(+ %02/& () ()(&-,+< ,0, +,&(,0 +%) '(2%) *( ,-,,*% *( 1&

,>2(&'%. E& +, ((-1-/& *( +, -%&'0,--/& *( +%) ,>2(&'%) *( %02/& (+'(2% *( 90,1,*% *(+ %02/& ,*=1(0( 0,& 2%0',&-,.

E+ ,)(00,*% )( *(( -%%0*&,0 -%& (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% *(+ %02/&. S(*(( (2(;,0 ',& 0%&'% -%2% (+ %02/& ,, (&*10(-*% ,0, 0(>(&0 =1(+%) ,0(,*%) )( *()+,-(& %0 +, )(00, &%02,+2(&'( (&'0( 4 "$ %0,)*()1) *(+ (&*10(-*% (+ %02/&.

L%) 0&-,+() 9,-'%0() , '(&(0 (& -1(&', )%& '(2(0,'10,-+2,< 0(+,-/&,1,H2,'(0,+() -(2(&'-%) ,2-< -%&'(&*% *( -(2(&'%,*-%&()< '% *(-(2(&'%< ,*'>%) =1@2-%)< '(2% *( ,*-/& *( +%) ,*'>%)< 2(;-+,*%.

FRAGUADO DEL CONCRETO

A+ 2(;-+,0 (+ -(2(&'% -%& (+ ,1,< )( 9%02, 1&, ,)', (& ()',*% +)'-%< (&(+ -1,+ +, ,)', () '0,,,+( 2%+*(,+(< *()1) *( 1& '(2% =1( *((&*(*( +, -%2%)-/& =1@2-, *(+ -(2(&'%< +, ,)', ,*=1(0( 0*(;? ()-%&>(&(&'( *)'&10 (&'0( (+ 90,1,*% (+ (&*10(-2(&'%< 1() ()'( +'2%)( 0(9(0( , 0())'(&-, *( 1&, ,)', 90,1,*,. E+ '(2% =1( '0,&)-100( *()*(

(+ 2%2(&'% =1( )( ,0(, (+ ,1,< ,)', =1( +, ,)', (0*( >)-%)*,* (+(>, )1 '(2(0,'10, )( *(&%2&, '(2% *( 90,1,*% &-,+K< ( &*-, =1( +,

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4/22

,)', ()', )(2*10, ,0-,+2(&'( *0,',*,. P%)'(0%02(&'( +, ,)', )1((&*10(-(&*% ,)', =1( *(, *( )(0 *(9%02,+( -%& -,0,) 0(+,'>,2(&'((=1(,)< )( >1(+>( 0@*, ++(, ,+ 2@&2% *( '(2(0,'10,? (+ '(2%'0,)-100*% *()*( =1( )( (-, (+ ,1, ,)', =1( ++(, ,+ ()',*% *()-0'%,&'(0%02(&'( )( *(&%2&, '(2% *( 90,1,*% 9&,+K< ( &*-, =1( (+ -(2(&'%

)( (&-1(&'0, ,& 2) *0,',*% &% '%',+2(&'( +, ,)', , ()', *10,. A ,0'0*( ()'( 2%2(&'% (2(;, (+ 0%-()% *( (&*10(-2(&'% +, ,)', , 90,1,*,>, ,*=10(&*% 0())'(&-,.

L, *('(02&,-/& *( +%) '(2%) *( 90,1,*% () ,0'0,0, *, 1&, *(, *(+'(2% *)%&+( ,0, 2(;-+,0< '0,)%0',0< -%+%-,0< >0,0 ,)%&,0 +%)-%&-0('%) 2%0'(0%) *( 1&, %0, ,)@ -%2% (+ '(2% &(-(),0% ,0, '0,&)',0)%0( (++%) (+ '(2% ,0, (2(;,0 (+ -10,*%.

L, 2(**, *( +%) '(2%) *( 90,1,*% )( ,-( (& (+ +,%0,'%0% )1(&*% +%)2'%*%) *( +, &%02, ICONTEC "#! 2(*,&'( +,) ,1,) *( G++2%0( +,

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

,*-/& *( )1)',&-,) ,+-,+&,) % ),+() -%2% (+ -+%010% *( -,+-%.

FALSO FRAGUADOC%& ()'( &%20( )( -%&%-( ,+ (&*10(-2(&'% 0(2,'10% ,&%02,+ *(+-(2(&'%< =1( )( 0()(&', *(&'0% *( +%) 02(0%) 2&1'%) =1( )1( , +,,*-/& *(+ ,1, *9(0( *(+ 90,1,*% 0(+2,% %0=1( &% 0()(&',*()0(&*2(&'% *( -,+%0? ,*(2)< ,+ >%+>(0 , 2(;-+,0 +, ,)', )& ,0(,0+(,1, )( 0()',+(-( +, +,)'-*,* 90,1, &%02,+2(&'( )& 0**, *(0())'(&-,.

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5/22

E)'( 9(&/2(&% )( *(( , +,) '(2(0,'10,) ,+',) 2,%0() *( "##C (& +,2%+(&*,< =1( %-,)%&,& *()*0,',-/& ,0-,+ % '%',+ *(+ 0(',0*,*%0 =1( () (+()%. S +, %(0,-/& *( 9,+)% 90,1,*% )( 0()(&', (& +, 2(;-+,*, *(+-%&-0('%< )( *(( 0%+%&,0 (+ '(2% *( 2(;-+,*% &% *(( ,0(,0)( 2),1,< %0=1( )( ,+'(0, +, 0(+,-/& ,1,H-(2(&'%.

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7/22

DETERMINACIN DEL TIEMPO DE FRAGUADO INICIAL Y FINAL DEL

CEMENTO:

NORMAS:

ASTM C "!"H#": S',&*,0* T()' M('%* 9%0 T2( %9S(''& %9 *0,1+- C(2(&' V-,' N((*+(K M'%*% ()'&*,0*( (&),% ,0, '(2% *( 90,1,*% *(+ -(2(&'% *01+-% %0,1, *( V-,'.

ASTM C $66H!!: S',&*,0* T()' M('%* 9%0 T2( %9 S(''& %9*0,1+- C(2(&' ,)'( G++2%0( N((*+()K M'%*%()'&*,0 *( (&),% ,0, '(2% *( 90,1,*% *( ,)', *(-(2(&'% *01+-% %0 ,1,) *( G++2%0(.

ASTM C "7H!: S',&*,0* T()' M('%* 9%0 N%02,+C%&))'(&- %9 *0,1+- C(2(&'K M'%*% ()'&*,0 *( (&),%,0, -%&))'(&-, &%02,+ *(+ -(2(&'% *01+-%.

ASTM C 3#5H!!: S',&*,0* P0,-'-( 9%0 M(-,&-,+ M& %9

*0,1+- C(2(&' P,)'() ,&* M%0',0) %9 P+,)'- C%&))'(&-KP0-'-, ()'&*,0 ,0, 2(;-+,*% 2(-&-% *( ,)',) *(-(2(&'% *01+-% 2%0'(0%) *( -%&))'(&-, +)'-,.

OBJETIVOS:

, C%&%-(0 (+ 0%-(*2(&'% =1( )( 1'+;, ,0, *('(02&,0 (+'(2% *( 90,1,*% &-,+ 9&,+ *(+ -(2(&'% *01+-% %02(*% *( +, ,1, *( V-,'.

I&'0%*1-0 ,+ ()'1*,&'( )%0( (+ 0%-(*2(&'% =1( )( 1'+;,,0, *('(02&,0 +%) '(2%) *( 90,1,*% &-,+ 9&,+ (& ,)',)*( -(2(&'% %0 2(*% *( +,) ,1,) *( G++2%0(.

- C%&%-(0 ,+1&,) ()(-9-,-%&() ASTM ,0, *9(0(&'()'%) *( -(2(&'%< (& -1,&'% , '(2%) *( 90,1,*%.

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8/22

DISCUSIN TERICA:

B,),*% (& D)(% -%&'0%+ *( 2(;-+,) *( -%&-0('%< S'(>(& .%)2,', ++,2 C. P,&,0()(< I&)''1'% M(-,&% *(+ C(2(&'% *(+C%&-0('%< "!!$. *( '':.,0=).-%2-%&)'01--%&-%&-0('%H90,1,*%.'2+< ,0+ $##7.

C1,&*% (+ -(2(&'% (+ ,1, (&'0,& (& -%&',-'%< )( &-, 1&, 0(,--/&=1@2-, (%'02-, =1( *('(02&, (+ ,1+,'&% (&*10(-2(&'% *( +,2(;-+,. D(&'0% *(+ 0%-()% (&(0,+ *( (&*10(-2(&'% )( 0()(&', 1&()',*% (& =1( +, 2(;-+, (0*( ,0(-,+(2(&'( )1 +,)'-*,* )(>1(+>( *9@-+ *( 2,&(,0? ',+ ()',*% -%00()%&*( ,+ 90,1,*% &-,+ *( +,2(;-+,. A 2(**, =1( )( 0%*1-( (+ (&*10(-2(&'% &%02,+ *( +,2(;-+,< )( 0()(&', 1& &1(>% ()',*% (& (+ -1,+ +, -%&))'(&-, ,

,+-,&;,*% 1& >,+%0 21 ,0(-,+(? ()'( ()',*% )( *(&%2&, 90,1,*%9&,+.

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

E+ 90,1,*% &-,+ *( +, ,)', *( -(2(&'% &% *(( %-1000 *(2,),*%

0%&'%< ,)@ -%2% ',2%-% *(( %-1000 *(2,),*% ',0*( (+ 90,1,*%9&,+. L%) '(2%) *( 90,1,*% &*-,& ) +, ,)', ()' *(),00%++,&*% )1)0(,--%&() *( *0,',-/& *( 2,&(0, &%02,+. E+ ()%< &-+1*% *(&'0% *(+-(2(&'%< 0(1+, (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*%< (0% ',2& &9+1( +, 9&10, *(+-(2(&'%< +, 0(+,-/& ,1,-(2(&'% +%) ,*'>%) 1),*%). L%) '(2%) *(90,1,*% *( +%) -%&-0('% &% ()'& 0(+,-%&,*%) *0(-',2(&'( -%& +%)'(2%) *( 90,1,*% *( +,) ,)',) *(*% , +, 0**, *( ,1, (& (+ ,0((>,%0,-/& % (& +%) +(-%) *(*% , +,) *9(0(&-,) *( '(2(0,'10, (&+, %0, (& -%&'0,)'( -%& +, '(2(0,'10, -%&'0%+,*, =1( ()'( (& (++,%0,'%0%.

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P,0, *('(02&,0 +%) '(2%) *( 90,1,*% &-,+ 9&,+ *( 1& *('(02&,*%'% *( -(2(&'%< )( 1'+;,& $ ,,0,'%) =1( )%&:

L, ,1, *( V-,'. L,) ,1,) G++2%0(.

LA AGUJA DE VICAT

E& ()'( 2'%*% )( 1'+;, (+ ,,0,'% *( V-,' =1( )( 1'+;/ (& +, *('(02&,-/&*( +, -%&))'(&-, &%02,+< -%& +, *9(0(&-, *( =1( (& (+ ('0(2% &9(0%0< (&+1,0 *(+ 2%+%< )( -%+%-, 1&, ,1, *( " 22 *( *2('0%. E+ 0%-(*2(&'%0()12*% () =1( 02(0% )( (+,%0, 1&, ,)', -%& (+ -%&'(&*% *( 12(*,**('(02&,*% (& +, 01(, *( -%&))'(&-, &%02,+< =1( )( &'0%*1-( (& 1&2%+*( '0%&-% -/&-% *( *2(&)%&() ()'&*,0< (& -1, ,0'( )1(0%0 )( -%+%-,+, ,1, *( " 22 *( *2('0%< (+ -1,+ )%%0', 1& 2%+% -%& 1&, 2,), *( 3##

)( *(, =1( (&('0( (& +, ,)', *( -(2(&'% %0 )1 0%% ()% *10,&'( 1&+,)% *( 3# ). L, 02(0, +(-'10, )( 0(,+;, (& 3# 2&1'%) +1(% =1( )( 2%+*(,)& )(0 ,+'(0,*, (& 1& -1,0'% *( -10,*% +1(% )( 0(,+;,& +(-'10,) , &'(0>,+%)*( "5 2&1'%) ,)', =1( )( %'(&, 1&, (&('0,-/& *( $5 22 % 2(&%0. C%&()', )(0( *( *,'%) )( *('(02&, %0 &'(0%+,-/& (+ '(2% -%00()%&*(&'( ,1&, (&('0,-/& *( $5 22 )'( )(0 (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% &-,+ *(+-(2(&'%. P%)'(0%02(&'( )( 0(,+;,& (&('0,-%&() ,)', *('(02&,0 (+ 02(0

&)',&'( (& (+ -1,+ +, ,1, &% *(, 1(++, >)+( (& +, ,)', (&*10(-*, *(

-(2(&'%< )( 0()'0, -%2% (+ '(2% *( 90,1,*% 9&,+.

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10/22

N%',: ()'(& $ 2'%*%) *(&%2&,*%) A B: (+ 2'%*% A () ,0, 1& ,,0,'%*( ,1, *( V-,' =1( () %(0,*% 2,&1,+2(&'( (+ 2'%*% B 1'+;, 1&,,0,'% *( V-,' M(-,&;,*%.

LAS AGUJAS GILLMORE

E& ()'( 2'%*% )( (+,%0, 1&, ,)'++, *(+,*, *( *2('0% ()(-9-,*% )(-%+%-, (& (+ ,,0,'% *( G++2%0( (+ -1,+ -%&)', *( $ ,1,) -%& *9(0(&'( 2,),.

P,0, *('(02&,0 (+'(2% *( 90,1,*% &-,+,0)( (& +, ',+,:

Tipo de cemento NormaASTM

Aparato Tiempomnimo de!ra"#ado

Tiempom$%imo de!ra"#ado

Cemento de

mampostera

C 91-03 Gillmore 90 y 120 min 1440 min

Cemento Portland C 150-02 Gillmore 60 min 600 min

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11/22

Cemento hidr!li"ome#"lado

C 595-03 $i"at 45 min 7 horas

Cemento hidr!li"ome#"lado

C 1157-02 $i"at 45 min 420 min

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12/22

USO DEL A&ARATO DE VICAT

MATERIAL ' E(UI&O:

o MATERIAL:

Cemento P%rtland& '(!a destilada )1000 ml*&

o E(UI&O:

+alan#a de 0&1 ( de pre"isi%n "on ,!e(o de pesas& Proeta de 250 ml de "apa"idad& Con,!nto de aparato de $i"at "on a(!,a de 1 mm de dimetro& Pla"a de .idrio& /erm%metro "on es"ala en (rados "ent(rados& Par de (!antes de h!le& e#"lador de pasta de "emento se(n espe"i"a '/ C

305&

Charola& spt!la plana pe!ea& nrasador de metal o llana& Gainete para "!rado o "!arto hmedo& Cron%metro&

ielo )lo propor"iona el est!diante*&

&ROCEDIMIENTO:

o Temperatura y ume!a!: L, '(2(0,'10, *(+ ,0( (& +, >(-&*,* *(+ (=1%

*( 2(;-+,*%< -(2(&'% )(-%< 2%+*( +,-, ,)( *((0 2,&'(&(0)( (&'0($# $7.5C. L, '(2(0,'10, *(+ ,1, *( 2(;-+,*% (+ ,&('( 2(*% %-1,0'% 2(*% &% *((0) >,0,0 *( $3".7C. L, 12(*,* 0(+,'>, *(++,%0,'%0% &% *((0 )(0 2(&%0 *( 5#W. E+ ,&('( 2(*% % -1,0'%2(*% *((0 -%&)'010)( *( ',+ 2,&(0, =1( (02', 9,-+*,*() *(,+2,-(&,2(&'% ,0, ()(-@2(&() *( (&),% , 1&, 12(*,* 0(+,'>, *(&% 2(&%) *(+ !#W.

o Me"#$a!% !e $a Pa&ta !e Ceme't%: E+,%0,0 1&, ,)', *( -(2(&'% -%&65# *( -(2(&'%? )(& (+ 0%-(*2(&'% *( 2(;-+,*% *( ,)',) 0(,+;,*%

(& +, 0-'-, *( *('(02&,-/& *( -%&))'(&-, &%02,+ *(+ -(2(&'% -%& +,

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13/22

-,&'*,* *( ,1, =1( )( *('(02&/ (& (), 0-'-, ,0, 0(0%*1-0 (),-%&*-/& *( -%&))'(&-, &%02,+.

o C%$%#a#()' !e $a Pa&ta e' M%$!e !e Aparat% !e *(#at: I&2(*,',2(&'(+1(% *()1) *( +, 9&,+;,-/& *(+ 2(;-+,*%< 2%+*(,0 (+ ()-2(& *(01(, ,-(&*% 1&, %+, -%& +%) 1,&'() *( 1+(< ,)&*%+, )() >(-() *(

1&, 2,&% , %'0,(0 (+ (-()% (& (+ ('0(2% 2,%0 %01& )%+% 2%>2(&'% *( +, ,+2, *( +, 2,&%.

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14/22

C%+%-,0 (+ 2%+*( '0%&-%-/&-% -%& )1 ('0(2% 2,%0 (& 1&, +,-, *(>*0% -%0',0 (+ (-()% *( ,)', (& +, ,0'( )1(0%0 *(+ ('0(2%2(&%0 %0 1&, )%+, ,),*, *( 1&, ++,&, *( %0*( 0(-'% )%)'(&*% , 1&+(0% &1+% -%& +, ,0'( )1(0%0 *(+ 2%+*( '0%&-%-/&-%.

S1,>;,0 +, )1(09-( *(+ ()-2(& ) () &(-(),0% -%& 1&% % *%)'%=1() +(0%) *(+ %0*( *( +, ++,&,. D10,&'( +, %(0,-/& *( -%0'( ,+),*%< '%2,0 (+ -1*,*% *( &% *( &% -%2020 +, ,)',.

I&2(*,',2(&'( *()1) *(+ 2%+*(,*%< -%+%-,0 (+ ()-2(& *( 01(, +, +,-, *( >*0% (& 1& ,&('( 2(*% % (& 1& -1,0'% 2(*% *(,0+% 0(%),0 ,)', =1( +,) *('(02&,-%&() *( (&('0,-/& )(0(,+-(&.

DETERMINACIN DEL TIEM&O DE )RAGUADO INICIAL

D(,0 0(%),0 (+ ()-2(& , +,-, *( >*0% (& (+ ,&('( 2(*%%0 3# 2&1'%) +1(% *(+ 2%+*(,*% )& )(0 ,+'(0,*%.

M%&',0 (+ ()-2(& +, +,-, *( >*0% (& (+ ,,0,'% *( V-,' -%+%-,0+, ,1, *( " 22 *( *2('0% *(,% *(+ 2%+%.

C%+%-,0 +, ,1, (& +, ,0'( )1(0%0 *( +, ,)', *( -(2(&'% 9,0 (+'%0&++% *( )1(-/& 0()'0,0 +, +(-'10, &-,+.

S%+',0 (+ 2%+% *(,0 =1( +, ,1, )( ,)(&'( %0 3# ) 0()'0,0 +,

+(-'10, *( (&('0,-/&.

R('0,0 +, ,1, +2,0+,< '%2,0 +(-'10,) )1-()>,) , &'(0>,+%) *( "52&1'%) , -,*, "# 2&1'%) ,0, -(2(&'%) '% III ,)', =1( 1&,(&('0,-/& *( $5 22 % 2(&%0 )(, %'(&*,.

14


15/22

N%',: 2,&'(&(0 1&,*)',&-, *( ,+

2(&%) 5 22 -%&0()(-'% , 1&,(&('0,-/&

0(>, ,+ 2(&%) *( "#

22 *(+ %0*( *(+2%+*(.

DETERMINACIN DEL TIEM&O DE )RAGUADO )INAL

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