Name: ______________

7th grade health:

Growth & Development: Puberty, Reproduction and Pregnancy

Objectives:Describe the changes that take place during puberty.Understand the functions of glands and various hormones.Identify the parts of the male and female reproductive system.Explain the functions of the male/female reproductive system.Identify problems of the male/female reproductive systems.Describe ways to keep your reproductive system healthy.List and describe the characteristics of the 3 trimesters.

Quick Write: What is puberty? What age do you think puberty occurs? What are some characteristics of puberty? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Vocabulary:

The Endocrine System- a ____________made up of various glands throughout your body.

Glands- group of ____________ that secretes a substance/ hormone.

Pituitary gland- a _____________that tells other glands what to do

Pancreas- A gland that releases/ secretes a _________________

Insulin- hormone that regulates blood sugar levels

Ovaries- female glands that produce eggs

Estrogen- _____________ hormone

Testes- glands that make ____________

Testosterone- male hormones

Reproductive System- Body system containing the organs that make possible the production of ___________.

Sperm- male sex __________

Infertility- the ______________to get pregnant

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s)- disease spread through ________ contact

Physical Changes…..Puberty- the time when you start developing ____________ characteristics of adults of your gender

Hormones- chemical substances, produced in glands, that help ____________ many bodily functions.

Mental/Emotional Changes……- The way you think and reason begins to change- You are capable of imagining consequences of your actions- You realize choice affects others- __________ swings occur- Feelings of attraction to others

Social changes……- Relationships with ________, peers and the community change- Healthy relationships are important for good social health

Family relationships…..- May not depend on parents /family members as you once did- May act independently and disagreements may arise

Peer relationships……- Friends take on a big importance in your life- Opinions are influenced by your peers- May feel __________ to think and act like them

Peers- people in your age group

Lesson 2 review questions:1. Define puberty

2. What are mood swings? What causes them?

3. What are some physical changes that occur during the teen years?

The Female and Male Reproductive System

Quick Write:What are important things teens can do to care for their reproductive systems?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Male Reproductive System During puberty the testes (2 small glands that produce sperm and

hormones) produce a hormone called ________________ The testes also produce __________ (male sex cell) The testes are inside a sack like pouch called the _________ Sperm move from the testes and are stored in the __________ (tube

behind the testes) They mix with fluids from the seminal vesicle, prostate gland and

Cowper’s gland. (3 glands that produce hormones/fluids) The mixture of fluids and sperm is now called __________ Semen exits the penis by ____________ (a series of forceful muscular

contraction) Penis-external sexual organ

Problems of the Male Reproductive System _________ to the testes (wear appropriate gear during sports to protect) ________ of the testes ___________ (internal organ pushes against or through) STD’s (lead to infertility)

The Female Reproductive SystemVocabulary:

Ovaries- contain ___________

Fallopian Tubes- 2 Small tubes that carry the released eggs from the ovaries.

Uterus- Hollow, muscular, pear shaped organ located between the 2 ovaries and behind the urinary bladder

Vagina- Birth _________ , hollow, muscular passage leading from the uterus to the outside of the body

During puberty, girls experience physical changes (breast development and widening of the hips)

Egg cells mature and are released by the ovaries called ____________ Ovulation- release of 1 _________________ each month Each month, a woman’s body prepares for pregnancy and an ovary

releases 1 egg to get fertilized Fertilization- occurs when a male’s sex cell joins with a female’s egg cells If the egg is not fertilized, ________________ occurs Menstruation- lining material, the unfertilized egg, and some blood flow

out of the body

Conception/Fertilization-

1 released mature egg may be fertilized in the ___________ tube After cell division, the fertilized egg moves down to the uterus to grow Once an egg is fertilized- it is called a ___________

The Menstrual Cycle

Occurs between 9-16 years’ old Menstrual Cycle- process in which an egg matures and is released and

the uterus is prepared to receive it

Stages of the Menstrual Cycle (28-day cycle)

Factors affecting Menstruation….. Diet, travel, exercise, weight gain/loss, can all affect the menstrual cycle.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)- Discomfort before their menstrual periodNervous tension, headaches, mood swings, __________ , and irritability

Problems of the Female Reproductive System……

INFERTILITY- _________ to get pregnant Vaginitis: vaginal infection or _________ STD’s Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS): bacterial infection causes this rare disease

(change tampons regularly) Cysts and Cancer: A _________ on the inside of an ovary

Cysts are common and may disappear on their own. Large cysts may be painful and need to be removed

Lesson Review Questions:

1. What is fertilization?

2. What are 3 functions of the female reproductive system?

3. What is PMS?

4. Describe 2 ways to keep your reproductive system healthy.

5. What are the male sex cells called?

6. Name 2 female reproductive system problems.

7. What is ovulation AND what day does ovulation occur in the 28-day cycle?

Pregnancy

Quick Write: Write a short paragraph why you think some twins are identical and some are not. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Vocabulary Terms:

Placenta- thick rich tissue that lines the walls of the ________ during pregnancy and that nourishes the fetus.

Umbilical Cord- a ________ that connects the mother’s placenta to the fetus

Amniotic fluid- Fluid within the sac that helps maintain the baby’s body temperature. Serves as a cushion and a shock absorber.

Zygote- The name of the single _______ from the union of sperm and the egg.

Embryo- developing organism from fertilization to about the 8th week of its development.

Fetus- the developing organism from the end of the _______ week until birth.

Pregnancy- time period from conception to the _______ birth.

Prenatal Care- care given to both the mother to be and the unborn child

Obstetrician- _________ who specializes in the care of a mother to be and her developing baby.

Human pregnancy lasts approximately 40 weeks. It can last anytime between ______ and ______ weeks after

fertilization and still be considered a normal timeframe.

First TrimesterAn egg becomes fertilized when a sperm penetrates it, creating a zygote. For the first eight weeks, the developing baby is called an embryo. It looks like a _______. At about three weeks, the neural tube, which becomes the brain and spinal cord, is forming. At about four weeks, the heart begins to pump blood. Tiny limb buds appear, ankles and wrists are formed, and fingers and toes develop. During the first trimester, which lasts up to 10 weeks, all major body organs and systems are formed but not completely developed. This is a critical period for development of the heart, _______ nervous system, upper and lower limbs, eyes and ears, teeth and palate, and most organs. Any damage at this stage can result in major damage or deformity. At eight weeks, when most organs have formed, the embryo is called a fetus.

Second TrimesterThe fetus moves, _______, swallows, and can hear the mother's voice. It begins to wake and sleep at regular intervals. The skin changes from a transparent pink to a wrinkled red, and is covered with soft, fine hair. By the end of the fourth month, the central nervous system is past its most vulnerable stage. As its development continues, though, it remains susceptible to functional defects throughout pregnancy. The eyes, teeth, and external genitalia continue to be susceptible to functional defects and lesser deformities throughout the second trimester, which lasts until about Week _______.

Third TrimesterBody growth slows down, while brain growth continues and the head grows larger during the third trimester. The _______ begins developing its own immune system. Rapid brain growth continues. The fetus can open and close its eyes, suck its thumb, kick, stretch, and cry. It responds to light and sound and, if born as early as the _______ month, would have a good chance of surviving.

Problems during PregnancyFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)- birth ______ associated with a pregnant woman who drinks alcohol throughout her pregnancy.

Miscarriage- natural _______ of a pregnancy before a baby is able to survive on its own.

Toxemia- high blood pressure, weight gain, blurred vision, headaches occur

Premature birth- birth of a baby ______ it is fully developed.

ABSTINENCE Practice _________ to Avoid Teen Pregnancy, STD’s and Parenthood!!!

Lesson Review Questions:

1. What structure carries food and oxygen from the mother’s body to her developing fetus?

2. How is an organ different than a body system?

3. How long is a woman pregnant for?

4. How many trimesters is there?

5. List 2 substances that could harm a fetus if its mother uses them while pregnant.

6. Explain what happens in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.