nsw epa air quality monitoring station - oecd rieprich and... · 2016-03-29 · nsw epa air quality...

NSW EPA air quality monitoring station

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• Annual average concentration of particulate matter (PM10);

• PM10 - Number of days with exceeded daily limit value;

• air quality-monitoring network which consists of fixed manual or automated monitoring stations which may be complemented by mobile stations

• Annual average concentration of ground-level ozone (O3);

• O3 - Number of days with exceeded daily limit value

• μg/m3

• number of days

• Urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities (<100 000);

• Population weighted concentration of ozone to which the urban population is potentially exposed

• ground-based measurement

• satellite-based measurement • μg/m3; percentage of population

• μg/m3 per day

Environmentally induced health problems & related costs (14)

Ambient Air quality in urban areas (A2)

• Annual average concentration of particulate matter (PM10);

• PM10 - Number of days with exceeded daily limit value;

• air quality-monitoring network which consists of fixed manual or automated monitoring stations which may be complemented by mobile stations

• Annual average concentration of ground-level ozone (O3);

• O3 - Number of days with exceeded daily limit value

• μg/m3

• number of days

• Urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities (<100 000);

• Population weighted concentration of ozone to which the urban population is potentially exposed

• ground-based measurement

• satellite-based measurement • μg/m3; percentage of population

• μg/m3 per day

Environmentally induced health problems & related costs (14)

Ambient Air quality in urban areas (A2)

• annual average concen-trations and daily values of PM10

and O3

• partly use different methods for obtaining dataflows

• compatible units of measurement

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• aggregated GHG emissions by sectors (energy, industrial processes, solvent and other product use, agriculture, land use and forestry, waste) in CO2 equivalents

• In order to be aggregated, non-CO2 gases are weighed by their respective global warming potential and presented in CO2-equivalent units.

• mt/year

• GDP generated per unit of CO2 emitted in production

• Production of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustions, emitted within the national territory, excluding bunkers, sinks and indirect effects.

• GDP/production- based CO2

Production-based CO2 productivity (1.1)

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (B3)

• aggregated GHG emissions by sectors (energy, industrial processes, solvent and other product use, agriculture, land use and forestry, waste) in CO2 equivalents

• In order to be aggregated, non-CO2 gases are weighed by their respective global warming potential and presented in CO2-equivalent units.

• mt/year

• GDP generated per unit of CO2 emitted in production

• Production of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustions, emitted within the national territory, excluding bunkers, sinks and indirect effects. .

• GDP/production- based CO2

Production-based CO2 productivity (1.1)

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (B3)

• GHG emissions measured for both indicators, but for GGI focuses on productivity

• classification of different sectors producing GHG emission

• both refer to UNFCCC


• Renewable freshwater resources (Internal flow + Inflow of surface and groundwaters)

• EI refers to the methodology of data collection applied in the UNSD/UNEP Questionnaires on Environment Statistics

• Definitions and measurement methods employed by countries may vary

• million m3

• Available renewable natural freshwater resources (Internal flow + Inflow of surface and groundwaters)

• OECD produces figures on freshwater resources based on data provided by its member countries


• m3

• m3 / capita Freshwater resources (7)

Renewable freshwater resources (C1)

• Renewable freshwater resources (Internal flow + Inflow of surface and groundwaters)



• million m3

• Available renewable natural freshwater resources (Internal flow + Inflow of surface and groundwaters)



• m3

• m3 / capita Freshwater resources (7)

Renewable freshwater resources (C1)

• Compatible dataflows: Renewable freshwater resources

• Data sources: national questionnaires - countries have to invest further work to align measurement methods

• Compatible units of measurement

• Fresh surface water abstracted • Fresh groundwater abstracted • Total freshwater abstraction (by

ISIC).



• million m3

• Abstraction rates of available renewable natural resources (abstraction for irrigation, other uses (cooling, industrial), and for public supply) – surface water and groundwater

• m3

• m3 /capita Freshwater resources (7)

Freshwater abstraction (C2)

• Water Exploitation Index (WEI) • percentage (Freshwater abstracted / renewable freshwater resources )

• Water stress



• percentage (Freshwater abstracted / renewable freshwater resources )

• Fresh surface water abstracted • Fresh groundwater abstracted • Total freshwater abstraction (by

ISIC).



• million m3

• Abstraction rates of available renewable natural resources (abstraction for irrigation, other uses (cooling, industrial), and for public supply) – surface water and groundwater

• m3

• m3 /capita Freshwater resources (7)

Freshwater abstraction (C2)

• Water Exploitation Index (WEI) • percentage (Freshwater abstracted / renewable freshwater resources )

• Water stress



• percentage (Freshwater abstracted / renewable freshwater resources )

• Dataflows compatible, but different categorization of water uses



• Total freshwater use (classified according to ISIC: households, agriculture, forestry and fishing, manufacturing, electric industry, other economic activities)

• million m3

• Value added per unit of water consumed, by sector (classified according to ISIC) – value added expressed as output of the economic sectors, e.g. energy generated per unit of water used

• unit of GDP / m3

• other sectoral units, e.g. for energy sector: toe generated per m3

Water productivity (4)

Total water use (C3) • EI refers to the methodology of data collection applied in the UNSD/UNEP Questionnaires on Environment Statistics


• OECD produces figures on water use based on data provided by its member countries


• Total freshwater use (classified according to ISIC: households, agriculture, forestry and fishing, manufacturing, electric industry, other economic activities)

• million m3

• Value added per unit of water consumed, by sector (classified according to ISIC) – value added expressed as output of the economic sectors, e.g. energy generated per unit of water used

• unit of GDP / m3

• other sectoral units, e.g. for energy sector: toe generated per m3

Water productivity (4)

Total water use (C3) • EI refers to the methodology of data collection applied in the UNSD/UNEP Questionnaires on Environment Statistics


• OECD produces figures on water use based on data provided by its member countries


• Compatible dataflows: Freshwater use by ISIC

• Additional data needed for GGI: Output of economic sectors



• Population connected to water supply industry

• Population using untreated surface water

• Population using untreated groundwater

• Data should be estimated based on numbers from the water supply industry and from national public authorities.

• million • percentage of total

population

• Population with sustainable access to safe drinking water - proportion of people using household connection; public standpipe; borehole; protected dug well; protected spring; rainwater.

• Data collection in accordance with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).


population

Population with sustainable access to safe drinking water (16.2)

Drinking water quality (C9)

• Population connected to water supply industry

• Population using untreated surface water

• Population using untreated groundwater

• Data should be estimated based on numbers from the water supply industry and from national public authorities.


population

• Population with sustainable access to safe drinking water - proportion of people using household connection; public standpipe; borehole; protected dug well; protected spring; rainwater.

• Data collection in accordance with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).


population

Population with sustainable access to safe drinking water (16.2)

Drinking water quality (C9)

• Partly compatible dataflows: water from „household connection“

• Additional „safe sources“ in GGI

• Data sources: „Safe drinking water“ defined differently


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• Population connected to wastewater treatment facilities (by categories: primary, secondary, tertiary treatment)



• Population connected to a wastewater collecting system


population

• Population connected to sewage treatment (by categories: primary, secondary, tertiary treatment)

• population not connected to a sewerage network

• OECD produces figures on wastewater use based on data provided by its member countries



population

Population connected to sewage treatment (16.1)

Population connected to wastewater treatment (C14)

• Population connected to wastewater treatment facilities (by categories: primary, secondary, tertiary treatment)



• Population connected to a wastewater collecting system


population

• Population connected to sewage treatment (by categories: primary, secondary, tertiary treatment)

• population not connected to a sewerage network

• OECD produces figures on wastewater use based on data provided by its member countries



population

Population connected to sewage treatment (16.1)

Population connected to wastewater treatment (C14)

• Compatible dataflows: population connected to wastewater treatment and (not) connected to a collecting system



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• Total forest area • Total area of other wooded land

• Dataflows are based on FAO/UNECE Global Forest Resource Assessments (FRA)

• 1000 km2

• Percentage of total land area

• Area of forests and wooded land


• km2 per capita • Percentage of total

land area

Forest resources (8)

Forests and other wooded land (D3)

• Volume of forests and stock changes

• Total forest area • Total area of other wooded land


• 1000 km2

• Percentage of total land area

• Area of forests and wooded land


• km2 per capita • Percentage of total

land area

Forest resources (8)

Forests and other wooded land (D3)

• Volume of forests and stock changes

• Same dataflows: Area of forests and wooded land

• Volume of forests and stock changes not in EI

• Same data source: Global Forest Resource Assessments (FRA)


• Number and percentage of species threatened (mammals, birds, fishes, reptiles, amphib., inverteb., vascular plants, mosses, lichens, fungi, algae))

• Dataflows are based on the IUCN lists of threatened species

• Number of selected species — Keystone species, Flagship species Endemic species, Other species — characteristic species for country

• Number of species threatened

• Percentage of species threatened

• Thousands of individuals

• Species threat status: mammals, birds, fish, vascular plants in percentage of species assessed or known

• Trends in farmland or forest bird populations or in breeding bird populations

• Trends in species abundance

• Estimations based on sample areas



• Number of individuals

• Population index

Wildlife resources (13)

Threatened and protected species (D4)

Trends in the number and distribution of selected species (D5)


• Number and percentage of species threatened (mammals, birds, fishes, reptiles, amphib., inverteb., vascular plants, mosses, lichens, fungi, algae))


• Number of selected species — Keystone species, Flagship species Endemic species, Other species — characteristic species for country

• Number of species threatened

• percentage of species threatened

• Thousands of individuals

• Species threat status: mammals, birds, fish, vascular plants in percentage of species assessed or known

• Trends in farmland or forest bird populations or in breeding bird populations

• Trends in species abundance




• Number of individuals

• Population index

Wildlife resources (13)

Threatened and protected species (D4)

Trends in the number and distribution of selected species (D5)


• Same dataflows: Threatened species and sp. abundance

• Proxy species could be aligned

• Same data source: IUCN lists

• Estimations of species‘ abundance


• Total land uptake (broken down by sectors);

• Sectors: mining and quarrying areas, for constructions, for manufacturing areas, for technical infrastructure, for transport and storage infrastructure, for commercial, financial and public services, for residential areas including recreational facilities, and for other uses (landfills, waste dumps, tailing pits and refuse heaps).

• 1000 km2

• Changes in land use and cover, conversions of land from its natural state to an artificial state and changes in the share of built-up areas.

• Sectors: agriculture and food production, forestry and biomass, urbanization and infrastructure development, production of biofuel and non-food crops, other renewable energy production, mining and quarrying, water and flood management, protection of biodiversity and cultural landscapes.

• hectare; km2 Land resources: land cover conversions and cover changes from natural state to artificial state (11)

Land uptake (E1)

• Total land uptake (broken down by country area)

• Share of total land uptake in the country area (%) = (area of land uptake in thousands of hectares or km2 / the total area of the country in thousands of hectares or km2)

• Total land uptake (broken down by sectors);

• Sectors: mining and quarrying areas, for constructions, for manufacturing areas, for technical infrastructure, for transport and storage infrastructure, for commercial, financial and public services, for residential areas including recreational facilities, and for other uses (landfills, waste dumps, tailing pits and refuse heaps).

• 1000 km2

• Changes in land use and cover, conversions of land from its natural state to an artificial state and changes in the share of built-up areas.

• Sectors: agriculture and food production, forestry and biomass, urbanization and infrastructure development, production of biofuel and non-food crops, other renewable energy production, mining and quarrying, water and flood management, protection of biodiversity and cultural landscapes.

• hectare; km2 Land resources: land cover conversions and cover changes from natural state to artificial state (11)

Land uptake (E1)

• Total land uptake (broken down by country area)

• Share of total land uptake in the country area (%) = (area of land uptake in thousands of hectares or km2 / the total area of the country in thousands of hectares or km2)

• land uptake and changes in land use are measured

• sectors need to be paired


• Total area affected by wind and water erosion

• Data are collected for agricultural area, which is the sum of areas under (a) arable land; (b) permanent crops; and (c) permanent meadows and pastures.

• Area by degree of wind and water erosion

• km2

• percentage; in tons per hectare or km2 per year

• Agricultural land area affected by erosion

• Amount of soil lost through erosion

• Agricultural land is defined as (a) arable and permanent crop land and (b) permanent meadows and pasture, and (c) other land, which includes forest, other wooded land, dry open land with special vegetation cover and open land without or with insignificant vegetation cover.

• km2; hectare

• t/hectare in a year

Soil resources: degree of top soil losses on agricultural land, other land (12)

Area affected by soil erosion (E2)

• Wind and water erosion of soil measured as a net loss of soil. It can be applied to one of five categories: no affect (tolerable affect), light affect, moderate affect, strong affect and extreme affect.

• The share of agricultural area affected by erosion (%) = Agricultural area affected by erosion (wind or water erosion) / Total agricultural area

• Degree of top soil losses on agricultural land and especially on agricultural area affected by erosion of wind, water and total erosion.

• Total area affected by wind and water erosion

• Data are collected for agricultural area, which is the sum of areas under (a) arable land; (b) permanent crops; and (c) permanent meadows and pastures.

• Area by degree of wind and water erosion

• km2

• percentage; in tons per hectare or km2 per year

• Agricultural land area affected by erosion

• Amount of soil lost through erosion


• km2; hectare

• t/hectare in a year

Soil resources: degree of top soil losses on agricultural land, other land (12)

Area affected by soil erosion (E2)

• Wind and water erosion of soil measured as a net loss of soil. It can be applied to one of five categories: no affect (tolerable affect), light affect, moderate affect, strong affect and extreme affect.

• The share of agricultural area affected by erosion (%) = Agricultural area affected by erosion (wind or water erosion) / Total agricultural area

• Degree of top soil losses on agricultural land and especially on agricultural area affected by erosion of wind, water and total erosion.

• degree of erosion

• area affected by erosion

• GGI additionally considers “other land”

• use of same units

• Agricultural area • Area treated with mineral

fertilizers • Total area under crop • Share of area treated with

mineral fertilizers in total area

• Measures the use of mineral fertilizers or, if such is not available, their consumption expressed as production minus export plus import.

• Distinction between Nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5) and potash (K2O)

• million hectares • million hectares

• million hectare • percentage

• Nitrogen and phosphorus surplus intensities

• Agricultural nutrient intensity related to changes in agricultural output

• Agricultural nutrient balances, which are calculated as the difference between the total quantity of nutrient inputs entering an agricultural system, and the quantity of nutrient outputs leaving the system

• nutrient balance expressed in terms of kilograms of nutrient surplus (deficit) per hectare of agricultural land per year

• percentage

Nutrient flows and balances (3.4)

Fertilizer consumption (F2)

• Agricultural area • Area treated with mineral

fertilizers • Total area under crop • Share of area treated with

mineral fertilizers in total area

• Measures the use of mineral fertilizers or, if such is not available, their consumption expressed as production minus export plus import.

• Distinction between Nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5) and potash (K2O)

• million hectares • million hectares

• million hectare • percentage

• Nitrogen and phosphorus surplus intensities

• Agricultural nutrient intensity related to changes in agricultural output

• Agricultural nutrient balances, which are calculated as the difference between the total quantity of nutrient inputs entering an agricultural system, and the quantity of nutrient outputs leaving the system

• nutrient balance expressed in terms of kilograms of nutrient surplus (deficit) per hectare of agricultural land per year

• percentage

Nutrient flows and balances (3.4)


• spread of nutrients over the observed area

• Inputs vs. inputs/outputs

• Agricultural area • Total area under crop • Area treated with organic

fertilizers

• million hectares • million hectares • million hectares

• The share of agricultural land under certified organic farming

• percentage Land resources (11)


• Agricultural area is the sum of areas under (a) arable land; (b) permanent crops; and (c) permanent meadows and pastures.


• Agricultural area • Total area under crop • Area treated with organic

fertilizers

• million hectares • million hectares • million hectares

• The share of agricultural land under certified organic farming

• percentage Land resources (11)


• Agricultural area is the sum of areas under (a) arable land; (b) permanent crops; and (c) permanent meadows and pastures.


• agricultural area broader for GGI (“other land”)

• Agricultural guidelines for organic farming regarding GGI

• compatible

• Final energy consumption by category (according to ISIC: industry, transport, households, commercial and public services, agriculture, forestry and fishery, non-specified, non-energy use)

• Dataflows are based on energy balances provided by the International Energy Agency (IEA)

• kilotons of oil equivalent (ktoe)

• Energy intensity (final consumption or by sectors according to ISIC: manufacturing, transport, households, services)


• toe / unit of GDP • other sectoral units,

e.g. for transport sector: toe / pkm

Energy intensity by sector (2.2)

Final energy consumption (G1)

• Final energy consumption by category (according to ISIC: industry, transport, households, commercial and public services, agriculture, forestry and fishery, non-specified, non-energy use)



• Energy intensity (final consumption or by sectors according to ISIC: manufacturing, transport, households, services)


• toe / unit of GDP • other sectoral units,

e.g. for transport sector: toe / pkm

Energy intensity by sector (2.2)

Final energy consumption (G1) • Same

dataflows: Final consumption by sectors

• Additional data for GGI: Output of economic sectors

• Same data source: IEA energy balances


• Total primary energy supply (production, export, import, international marine and aviation bunkers, stock changes)



• GDP per total primary energy supply


• unit of GDP / tons of oil equivalent (toe)

Energy productivity (2.1)

Total primary energy supply (G2)

• Total primary energy supply (production, export, import, international marine and aviation bunkers, stock changes)



• GDP per total primary energy supply


• unit of GDP / tons of oil equivalent (toe)

Energy productivity (2.1)

Total primary energy supply (G2) • Compatible

dataflows: (GDP by) total primary energy supply



• Energy from hydropower, geothermal energy, wind power, biomass and waste and solar power in TPES


• Kilotons of oil equivalent (ktoe)

• Percentage of the respective renewables in TPES

• The share of renewables in TPES and in electricity generation (hydro, geothermal, wind, biomass, waste and solar energy)


• Percentage of the respective renewables in TPES / electricity generation.

Share of renewable energy sources in TPES (2.3)

Renewable energy supply (G4)

• Energy from hydropower, geothermal energy, wind power, biomass and waste and solar power in TPES


• Kilotons of oil equivalent (ktoe)

• Percentage of the respective renewables in TPES

• The share of renewables in TPES and in electricity generation (hydro, geothermal, wind, biomass, waste and solar energy)


• Percentage of the respective renewables in TPES / electricity generation.

Share of renewable energy sources in TPES (2.3)

Renewable energy supply (G4) • Compatible

dataflows: Renewable energy supply in TPES

• Additional data for GGI: renew-ables in electr. generation



• Total waste generation (may be expressed as generation of municipal waste)

• Waste generation by sector (following International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC))

• The indicator in particular refers to the methodology of data collection applied in the UNSD/UNEP Questionnaires on Environment Statistics


• 1000 t • kg / unit of GDP • kg / capita



• OECD collects data on municipal waste through the OECD/Eurostat questionnaire on the state of the environment


• 1000 t • t / unit of GDP • t / capita

Waste generation intensity and recovery ratios (3.3)

Waste generation (I1)





• 1000 t / year • kg / unit of GDP • kg / capita





• 1000 t • t / unit of GDP • t / capita


Waste generation (I1) • Compatible dataflows: (municipal) waste generation as a total and by sectors (ISIC)



• Total waste reused and recycled in total waste managed


• Definitions and measurement methods employed by countries may vary considerably

• 1000 t • Percentage of recycled

waste in total waste managed

• Waste recovery ratios of waste generated



• Waste collected for recovery operations as a percentage of the amount of waste generated


Waste reuse and recycling (I3)

• Amount of recycled materials (secondary raw materials) used in production • Percentage of recycled

materials used in the total consumption of selected materials

• Total waste reused and recycled in total waste managed



• 1000 t • Percentage of recycled

waste in total waste managed

• Waste recovery ratios of waste generated



• Waste collected for recovery operations as a percentage of the amount of waste generated


Waste reuse and recycling (I3)

• Amount of recycled materials (secondary raw materials) used in production • Percentage of recycled

materials used in the total consumption of selected materials

• Partly compatible dataflows: waste recycled

• Additional dataflow for GGI: recycled materials in production



nsw epa air quality monitoring station - oecd rieprich and... · 2016-03-29 · nsw epa air quality...

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