SENIOR RANGER PROGRAM

WELCOME TO SALINAS PUEBLO MISSIONS NATIONAL MONUMENT

National Park Service mission: To conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wildlife

therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them

unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.

Organic Act 1916

If you find an artifact, including broken pieces of pottery, leave it in

place and tell a ranger.______________________________________________________________________________

TAKE ONLY PHOTOGRAPHS & LEAVE ONLY FOOTPRINTS REMAIN ON DESIGNATED TRAILS

__________________________________________________________________

WHAT DOES THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE SYMBOL MEAN?THE ARROWHEAD SHAPE REPRESENTS HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL

TREASURES THE TREE REPRESENTS ALL VEGETATION

THE MOUNTAINS REPRESENT LAND FORMATIONS, SCENERY AND RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

THE BISON REPRESENTS ALL WILDLIFETHE LAKE REPRESENTS CLEAN WATER AND RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WAS FOUNDED IN 1916

2

Compare the aerial views, historical photographs & drawings of Gran Quivira, Abo & Quarai

AERIAL VIEWS OF THE MISSION OF SAN GREGORIO DE ABO

3

HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF QUARAI

How have the three sites changed over the years? How are the sites similar and different? Which site appears to have received the most damage from looters & the elements? Would you have enjoyed living at Abo, Quarai or Gran Quivira? Discuss answers with ranger at the end of your tour.

GRAN QUIVIRA CIRCA 1660

4

PLANT & TREE IDENTIFICATION

Use the plant identification section of the trail at Gran Quivira to identify the above plants. Write the name of the plant underneath each one. Think about the uses of the plants by answering a few questions:______________________________________________________________________________

1. Which cactus plant was also referred to as tuna?2. How can wolfberry be easily identified?3. The seeds of which plant were often used as cereal?4. Which nut was one of the most important trade items and food

sources for the Puebloan people?

MAKE UP YOUR OWN RECIPE FOR AN APPETIZING DISH USING THE PLANTS YOU HAVE IDENTIFIED

Recipe from the Pueblo Indian Cookbook

Yucca Sweets Ripe fruits of the broad-leaved yucca are gathered and baked in a pit overnight – now sometimes baked in a slow oven for several hours – until skins can be peeled and the ball of seeds and fiber removed. The residue is a sweet paste which is used as a filing for pies and turnovers or shaped into bars and sun-dried or slow-oven dried to make a delicious candy.

Answers: Top plants: prickly pear, horehound, one-seed juniper, yucca plant & four-wing salt brush. Bottom: Prickly pear, by its large, red, marble-sized fruit, four-wing salt brush and pinon nuts.

5

WILDLIFE FOUND AT SALINAS PUEBLO MISSIONS

IDENTIFY WILDLIFE AS YOU WALK THROUGH THE MONUMENT SITES. YEAR-ROUND BIRDS INCLUDE GREAT-HORNED OWLS, SPOTTED

TOWHEES, CANYON TOWHEES, NORTHERN FLICKERS, RAVENS & AMERICAN CROWS.

Photographs taken by Murt Sullivan & NPS Game Cameras

6

PHOTOGRAPHS ON THIS PAGE WERE TAKEN BY NPS GAME CAMERAS AT GRAN QUIVIRA AND ABO. WHAT WOULD BE YOUR REACTION IF YOU ENCOUNTERED ONE OF THESE ANIMALS WHILE ALONE ON THE TRAIL? WHICH ANIMAL WOULD YOU MOST LIKE TO SEE AND WHY? WHAT IS NORMALLY THE BEST POLICY WHEN DEALING WITH WILDLIFE? WHY?

7

PICTOGRAPHS ARE PAINTED ONTO THE ROCKPETROGLYPHS ARE ENGRAVED INTO THE ROCK

THE PUEBLOAN PEOPLE & OTHER CULTURES IN NEW MEXICO MAY HAVE USED PICTOGRAPHS & PETROGLYPHS TO COUNT THE

SEASONS, TELL OF THEIR JOURNEYS, IDENTIFY CLANS OR TO FULFILL THEIR CREATIVE URGES.

In the space below sketch an event in your life that could be represented by a

symbol or series of symbols.

INQUIRE ABOUT PICTOGRAPH & PETROGLYPH TOURS AT THE ABO UNIT.

8

FOUR CHURCHES AT SALINAS PUEBLO MISSIONS__________________________________________________________________

ABO QUARAI

GRAN QUIVIRA SKETCH THE SAN ISIDRO CHURCH IN THE SPACE ABOVE. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. NAME THE CHURCHES AT EACH MISSION BY WRITING THE NAME NEXT TO THE DRAWING. 2. HOW IS THE CONSTRUCTION SIMILAR AT ABO & QUARAI YET DIFFERENT AT THE TWO CHURCHES AT GRAN QUIVIRA? 3. WHICH CHURCH DO YOU LIKE BEST? WHY?

9

THE MISSION OF SAN BUENAVENTURA

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

When Fray Diego de Santander arrived at Gran Quivira in 1659, he found the chapel of San Isidro in ruins, its beams used elsewhere. He organized the building of the larger missionary complex shown in the diagram above.

TAKE A WALK THROUGH THE MISSION

1. After walking through the church, the first room to your left is the sacristy, where the priest prepared for mass.

2. The long hallway to your left is called an ambulatorio and leads to the convento.

3. The first room to the left may have been a dining or study hall.4. The patio to your right was open to the sky and is typical in

European architecture. Here the priest would relax and meditate, perhaps grow herbs.

10

5. Walk through the ambulatorio to the porch leading to the plaza. This was the entrance to the convento. This provided a place for people waiting to see the priest. (Please return to the ambulatorio and take the hall to the left).

6. The rooms to your left were used as quarters for the priest.7. The last two rooms were probably used for food storage.8. Continue along the corridor until you reach the steps looking

over a walled area. This was a corral. Rooms around the corral served as stables.

9. The stone-lined ditch was built as a drain for the corral three hundred years ago

PLEASE RETURN TO THE PORCH AREA OF THE CONVENTO AND TAKE A SEAT ON ONE OF THE BENCHES WHERE THE JUMANO INDIANS SAT OVER THREE HUNDRED YEARS AGO.

WHAT WAS IT LIKE TO LIVE HERE IN THE 1660S WHEN THE DROUGHT YEARS WERE BECOMING MORE COMMON? HOW DO YOU THINK THE JUMANOS FELT ABOUT BUILDING THE MISSION WHERE YOU NOW SIT? WERE THEY WORRIED ABOUT THEIR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT? THE GRAN QUIVIRA SITE WAS A MAJOR SALT TRADE CENTER. LOOK AT THE PHOTO OF THEIR CENTRAL PLAZA AND VISUALIZE THE BUSTLING TRADE DAYS OF THE TRIBE. DISCUSS WITH RANGER AT THE END OF YOUR TOUR. _______________________________________________________________________________

11

12

IN PUEBLO TRADITION, KIVAS ARE UNDERGROUNDMEETING CHAMBERS FOR RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES,TEACHING CHILDREN, TELLING STORIES & WEAVING

NOTE THE LOCATIONS OF THE KIVAS. SOME ARE WITHIN THE MISSION NEXT TO THE CHURCH WHILE THOSE AT GRAN QUIVIRA ARE ALONSIDE THE CHURCH. DO YOU THINK THE TWO FORMS OF RELIGION COULD HAVE CO-EXISTED? THE PUEBLOAN PEOPLE NEVER GAVE UP THEIR KIVAS. HOW COULD THE TWO GROUPS HAVE LEARNED FROM ONE ANOTHER?

13

CONNECT THE WORD TO ITS MEANING

WORDS MEANINGCONQUISTADOR FIRST GOVERNOR OF NEW MEXICO

PUEBLO HOLE IN FLOOR SYMBOLIZING PLACE WHERE HUMANS EMERGED

ABO, QUARAI, GRAN QUIVIRA AUTHORIZED PERMITS ALLOWING FOR LEGITMATE ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION & IMPOSED PENALITIES FOR

TAKING OR DESTROYING ANTIQUITIESORGANIC ACT METAL

JUAN DE ONATE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

KIVA DITCH, STREAM

MANTAS TIWA

SALINAS TOWN OR VILLAGE

SIPAPU CONTAINS ROOMS TO HELP CHURCH FUNCTION

CONVENTO TOMPIRO

IRON GRINDING STONE

DOI SALINAS PUEBLO MISSIONS

PUEBLO INDIANS THAT LIVED AT ABO SALT

ARROYO CREATION OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

PUEBLO INDIANS THAT LIVED AT QUARAI PUEBLOAN STRUCTURE ASSOCIATED WITH CEREMONIES

PUEBLO INDIANS THAT LIVED AT GRAN QUIVIRA SPANISH SOLDIER

ANTIQUITIES ACT DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

14

CONNECT THE WORD TO ITS MEANING ANSWER KEY

WORDS MEANING

CONQUISTADOR FIRST GOVERNOR OF NEW MEXICO

PUEBLO HOLE IN FLOOR SYMBOLIZING PLACE WHERE HUMANS EMERGED

ABO, QUARAI, GRAN QUIVIRA AUTHORIZED PERMITS ALLOWING FOR LEGITMATE ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION & IMPOSED PENALITIES FOR

TAKING OR DESTROYING ANTIQUITIESORGANIC ACT METAL

JUAN DE ONATE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

KIVA DITCH, STREAM

MANTAS TIWA

SALINAS TOWN OR VILLAGE

SIPAPU CONTAINS ROOMS TO HELP CHURCH FUNCTION

CONVENTO TOMPIRO

IRON GRINDING STONE

DOI SALINAS PUEBLO MISSIONS

PUEBLO INDIANS THAT LIVED AT ABO SALT

ARROYO CREATION OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

PUEBLO INDIANS THAT LIVED AT QUARAI PUEBLOAN STRUCTURE ASSOCIATED WITH CEREMONIES

PUEBLO INDIANS THAT LIVED AT GRAN QUIVIRA SPANISH SOLDIER

ANTIQUITIES ACT DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

15

National Park Service Word Search

E L F G W R J K I N B S R N A Q E D E I U M A TQ S N B B G E T K U I P Z A C F R D O L I N C UR A T P V F C K J I O A P T T E E S K T A R X JI R P A C Z A R P V E W D I R B V E T A S T T GN K O N B O D T A N B E M O V Q W N F K L B E WN U O T V L M U D O D C B N Q A U T E F V V I QV N T I K K I C W P T A G A M N N J E T I E U LF D Y Q H O S S M I Y T R L D T F D C H A D F MT F N U D T D A H E I F C P T E T F U N B O F CA E V I R F P D V I A O S A I C E H D Q P P M BX W S T D L B R O A N R S R U O D C A Y Q W E GU A E I W E A F I C V G D K L P D M B R T O S YO Z D E Q C X C R N C A L S A Q Y W O V S O R IL M C S L S V X G V R N X E P V R Z N C A D P OL L N A U A T M S T W I P R G X O R X P O R V PR O H C I W U O N Y Y C A V O I O E C V S O A PG B T T I H I P O Z I A R I T A S B H X C W Q EY Y J E O J E A P L L C L C Y M E L H E X W P AU U U L V L M L A P L T O E N G V T A R U I L ZO A V B C K U U Z E A N S M C P E W B T Z L A OE M Y G I O R Q L G K R T B X S L C F A I S Z BZ I O Q E S I N Y G E A A S A E T V P B E O G VE C F O L E T Y J M M D E B Z A O L H N D N N U

Establishing Legislation DOI (Department of the Interior)Woodrow Wilson National Park ServiceOrganic Act Teddy RooseveltAntiquities Act WNPS (book store at HQ & sites)

16

Word Search Answer Key

E L F G W R J K I N B S R N A Q E D E I U M A TQ S N B B G E T K U I P Z A C F R D O L I N C UR A T P V F C K J I O A P T T E E S K T A R X JI R P A C Z A R P V E W D I R B V E T A S T T GN K O N B O D T A N B E M O V Q W N F K L B E WN U O T V L M U D O D C B N Q A U T E F V V I QV N T I K K I C W P T A G A M N N J E T I E U LF D Y Q H O S S M I Y T R L D T F D C H A D F MT F N U D T D A H E I F C P T E T F U N B O F CA E V I R F P D V I A O S A I C E H D Q P P M BX W S T D L B R O A N R S R U O D C A Y Q W E GU A E I W E A F I C V G D K L P D M B R T O S YO Z D E Q C X C R N C A L S A Q Y W O V S O R IL M C S L S V X G V R N X E P V R Z N C A D P OL L N A U A T M S T W I P R G X O R X P O R V PR O H C I W U O N Y Y C A V O I O E C V S O A PG B T T I H I P O Z I A R I T A S B H X C W Q EY Y J E O J E A P L L C L C Y M E L H E X W P AU U U L V L M L A P L T O E N G V T A R U I L ZO A V B C K U U Z E A N S M C P E W B T Z L A OE M Y G I O R Q L G K R T B X S L C F A I S Z BZ I O Q E S I N Y G E A A S A E T V P B E O G VE C F O L E T Y J M M D E B Z A O L H N D N N U

Establishing Legislation DOI (Department of the Interior)Woodrow Wilson National Park ServiceOrganic Act Teddy RooseveltAntiquities Act WNPS (book store at HQ & sites)

17

Salinas Pueblo Missions Word Search

S S L C O U R T Y A R D I C J L R O G F IR P V B D Q A B M T T O L E C A Z U I N DB Q A Z C X O R G H T Q K P O X A M E G RF P L N O R Z E G D W A M T F N Q V J L OA T E S I B G R A N Q U I V I R A Z C Y CO V R P Q S B T S U T A P A D S C R P A BG B M A C V H O R X R B G E Q P I D O R YH O R S E L C P B A W M R T O C A T T D UT R T R P D A I U L T C K F J E N B T B EA M N A O K S Q A E D R Q I F E D V E V DC X C I N P W B W C B W A E V S L X R O LM Y W R W E O A F R A L Z N P A C N Y Y LR T B F G R P Z N T Q V O T B P X B A Q VO O Y Q A A T F C N R C X M T I Z M W L AR B P C T B K I G U O I O E I Z E C K T RO B L Y L C I P A V U A P B W S I E J U OS P M N A R R O Y O L N T R A V S A D O OP A Q E B C E P I E G F V S M L V I C B EA S X O D R C M C O N Q U I S T A D O R WN C I P U P S X B E L J H K C V W A P N TZ D W O L F G J H M N E R A S F Y U M O S

Spanish Pueblo Mission ConquistadorTewa PotteryFriars HorseConvento CourtyardTompiro Gran QuiviraTiwa ABOQuarai Kiva

18

Word Search Answer Key

S S L C O U R T Y A R D I C J L R O G F IR P V B D Q A B M T T O L E C A Z U I N DB Q A Z C X O R G H T Q K P O X A M E G RF P L N O R Z E G D W A M T F N Q V J L OA T E S I B G R A N Q U I V I R A Z C Y CO V R P Q S B T S U T A P A D S C R P A BG B M A C V H O R X R B G E Q P I D O R YH O R S E L C P B A W M R T O C A T T D UT R T R P D A I U L T C K F J E N B T B EA M N A O K S Q A E D R Q I F E D V E V DC X C I N P W B W C B W A E V S L X R O LM Y W R W E O A F R A L Z N P A C N Y Y LR T B F G R P Z N T Q V O T B P X B A Q VO O Y Q A A T F C N R C X M T I Z M W L AR B P C T B K I G U O I O E I Z E C K T RO B L Y L C I P A V U A P B W S I E J U OS P M N A R R O Y O L N T R A V S A D O OP A Q E B C E P I E G F V S M L V I C B EA S X O D R C M C O N Q U I S T A D O R WN C I P U P S X B E L J H K C V W A P N TZ D W O L F G J H M N E R A S F Y U M O S

Spanish Pueblo Mission ConquistadorTewa PotteryFriars HorseConvento CourtyardTompiro Gran QuiviraTiwa ABOQuarai Kiva

19

THREE RESTAURANTS IN MOUNTAINAIRANCIENT CITIES – WEST END OF TOWN ON HWY 60

SHAFFER HOTEL – ONE BLOCK SOUTH OF HWY 60 ON HWY 55ALPINE ALLEY – ONE BLOCK NORTH ON HWY 55

Mileage from Mountainair to:

Alamogordo 156 Las Cruces 212Albuquerque 75 Oklahoma City 547Amarillo, TX 286 Phoenix 450Belen 43 Raton 240Carlsbad 233 Roswell 160Clovis 181 Ruidoso 138

Dallas, TX 602 Santa Fe 91 Denver, CO 459 Santa Rosa 106

El Paso, TX 254 Springerville 221Farmington 258 Tucson 458Flagstaff, AZ 337 Tulsa 458

Gallup 149 Vaughn 65-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LODGING IN MOUNTAINAIRShaffer Hotel & Restaurant

505-847-2888

Turner Inn & RV Park505-847-0248

The Rock Motel505-847-2577

Bed &Breakfast Casa Manzano (Open May 1 through November 30)

505-834-0689Two Ponyz Ranch Guesthouse & Boarding Stable

505-847-0245Stonehouse Gallery Bed & Breakfast

619-995-3600

U.S. Forest Service Campgrounds in the Manzano & Gallinas Mountains505-847-2990

20

COMPLETE ONE ACTIVITY AT EACH SITE: GRAN QUIVIRA, ABO & QUARAI TO RECEIVE AN OFFICAL SALINAS PIN. THE LAST SITE VISITED WILL AWARD THE PIN.

In the space below stamp your packet with site stamp:

_________________________________________________________________________________________SENIOR RANGER PLEDGE: I UNDERSTAND THAT AS A SENIOR RANGER I AM RESPONSIBLE FOR HELPING IN ANY WAY I CAN, TO PRESERVE THE RUINS OF SALINAS PUEBLO MISSIONS NATIONAL MONUMENT SO FUTURE GENERATIONS CAN VISIT AND ENJOY THEM TOO.

SIGNED __________________________________________________________DATE ________________

PARK RANGER __________________________________________________DATE_________________

CREATED BY DIXIE BOYLE & DONNA DEINER – PARK GUIDES –2013-14

21