npoess national polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system briefing to the apan earth...

NPOESSNPOESSNational Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental

Satellite SystemSatellite System

Briefing to the APAN Earth Observation Working GroupBriefing to the APAN Earth Observation Working GroupJanuary 30, 2004January 30, 2004

NNATIONAL ATIONAL PPOLAR-ORBITING OLAR-ORBITING OOPERATIONAL PERATIONAL EENVIRONMENTAL NVIRONMENTAL SSATELLITE ATELLITE SSYSTEMYSTEM

A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite ActivitiesCombine Environmental Satellite Activities

MissionMission

Provide a national, operational, Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting remote-sensing polar-orbiting remote-sensing capabilitycapability

Achieve National Performance Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programsDoD and NOAA satellite programs

Incorporate new technologies from Incorporate new technologies from NASANASA

Encourage International CooperationEncourage International Cooperation

Saves $1.6B through System Life Cycle compared to NPR target of $1.3B

NPOESS is Good Government!

METOP

NPOESS

Specialized Satellites Local Equatorial

Crossing Time

0530

13300930

NPOESS

NPOESS


NPOESSNPOESSNPOESS is required to provide an NPOESS is required to provide an OPERATIONALOPERATIONAL remote remote

sensing capability to acquire and receive in real-time at field sensing capability to acquire and receive in real-time at field terminals, and to acquire, store and disseminate to terminals, and to acquire, store and disseminate to

processing centers, processing centers, GLOBALGLOBAL and and regionalregional environmental environmental imagery and specialized imagery and specialized METEOROLOGICALMETEOROLOGICAL, , CLIMATICCLIMATIC, ,

TERRESTRIALTERRESTRIAL, , OCEANOGRAPHICOCEANOGRAPHIC and and SOLAR-GEOPHYSICALSOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL and other data in support of public safety, commerce, and other data in support of public safety, commerce,

environmental monitoring and research.environmental monitoring and research.


National ImportanceNational Importance

- Timely, accurate, and cost-effective Timely, accurate, and cost-effective public warnings and forecasts of public warnings and forecasts of severe weather events, reduce the severe weather events, reduce the potential loss of human life and potential loss of human life and property and advance the national property and advance the national economyeconomy

- Support of general aviation, Support of general aviation, agriculture, and maritime agriculture, and maritime communities aimed at increasing communities aimed at increasing U.S. productivityU.S. productivity

- Commitment to support long-term Commitment to support long-term data continuity for environmental data continuity for environmental monitoring and Global Change monitoring and Global Change assessmentassessment

NPOESS Goal: Improve the Nation’s Space-Based, Remote Sensing Capabilities for Environmental Monitoring


Establishing NPOESSEstablishing NPOESS• National Space Council Study - 1992• National Performance Review (NPR) - September 1993

-Identified Need for Coordinated Effort • OSTP Convergence Implementation Plan submitted to

Congress - May 1994• Presidential Decision Directive/NSTC-2 - May 1994

-Directed Convergence of National Assets• Tri-agency Memorandum of

Agreement (MOA) - May 1995- Established Roles and Responsibilities

of Department of Defense, Department of Commerce, and NASA

• EUMETSAT/NOAA Initial Joint Polar Agreement - November 1998

- Brought in International Community


Two Polar-orbiting SystemsTwo Polar-orbiting Systems

POES (Polar-orbiting POES (Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Operational Environmental Satellite)Satellite)

• First Launched April 1, 1960

• Currently

- NOAA-15 Launched May 1998

- NOAA-16 Launched Sep 2000

- NOAA-17 Launched Jun 2002

DMSP (Defense Meteorological DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program)Satellite Program)

• Currently

- F-14 Launched December 1994




DMSP/POES to NPOESS DMSP/POES to NPOESS Convergence & Evolution of Mission Convergence & Evolution of Mission

AreasAreas

DMSPMilitary

Civil

DoD/AFDoD/AF

DOC/NOAADOC/NOAA

-Imaging- μwave Sounding-Space Environment-Under DMSP SPO

-Imaging-Sounding-Climate-Ozone-Space Environment-Under POES Prog Office

–Imaging–Sounding–Climate–Ozone–Space Environment–Under Integrated Program Office

POES OPQR

CONVERGENCE

Block 6

Discontinued

Tri-Agency

NPOESS


----------------10 Year Mission Life-------------------

CY 99 00 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1803 08 09 1001 02 0704 05 06

Local Eq

uato

rial C

rossin

g T

ime

S/CDeliveries

S/C delivery interval driven by 15 month IAT scheduleAs of: 20 Oct 02

Satellite Transition ScheduleSatellite Transition Schedule(DMSP 2yr launch centers, NPOESS GAP 6c NLF input)(DMSP 2yr launch centers, NPOESS GAP 6c NLF input)

Slopes indicate 10-90% needSlopes indicate 10-90% need

FY 99 00 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1803 08 09 1001 02 0704 05 06

MissionSatisfaction

1330POES

EOS-Aqua

NPOESSC2N’

Earliest Need to back-up launch

N16

Earliest Availability

0530 DMSP

WindSat/Coriolis

0730 - 1030

NPOESSC3F20

NPOESSDMSP

POES

NPP

EOS-Terra

METOPC1F16

17

F17 F19

F15 F18 C4

C5

C6

Most probable launch dateLaunch date based on backup need

NPOESS


NPOESS RequirementsNPOESS Requirements

• Integrated Operational Requirements Document (IORD-II)

- 55 Data Products - 21 Enhancement Products- 2 System Characteristic KPPs

Convergence of Alternatives

Convergence of

Requirements

Converged requirements provide foundation for combined program

First success after eight previous attempts


Sea Surface Temperature (SST)Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

• Sea Surface Temperature is defined as a highly precise measurement of the temperature of the surface layer (upper 1 meter) of ocean water. It has two major applications: 1) sea surface phenomenology, and 2) use in infrared cloud/no cloud decision for processed cloud data. The accompanying requirements apply only under clear conditions (unless specified otherwise).

IORD Content ExampleIORD Content Example


Atmospheric

Oceanic

Terrestrial

Space Environment

Climate

Atmos Vert Moist Prof Dn Lwave Rad (Sfc) Ozone-Tot Col/Profile

Atmos Vert Temp Prof Electric Field Precipitable Water

Imagery Electron Density Prof Precip Type / Rate

Sea Surf Temp Aero Refractive Index Pressure (Surf/Profile)

Sea Surf Winds Geomagnetic Field Sea Ice Age Char

Soil Moisture Ice Surface Temp Sea Surface Hgt/Topo

Aero Opt Thickness Energetic Ions Snow Cover/Depth

Aerosol Particle Size In-situ Plasma Fluct Solar Irradiance

Albedo (Surface) In-situ Plasma Temp ST- Auroral Particles

Auroral Boundary Downward Swave Rad Surface Wind Stress

Auroral Imagery Med Energy Particles Suspended Matter

Cloud Base Height Ionospheric Scint Auroral Energy Depos

Cloud Cover/Layers Land Surface Temp Out Lwave Rad (TOA)

Cloud Eff Particle Size Surface Type

Cloud Ice Water Path Net Heat Flux

Cloud Liquid Water Net Solar Rad (TOA)

Cloud Opt Thickness Neutral Density Profile

Cloud Top Height Total Water Content

Cloud Top Pressure Vegetation Index

Cloud Top Temp Ocean Color / Chlor

Cloud Part Size / Dist Ocean Wave Char

LEGEND

- KPPs

Environmental Data RecordsEnvironmental Data RecordsBy DisciplineBy Discipline


NPOESS Program VisionNPOESS Program Vision

The IPO and TRW/Raytheon team:

Working in a spirit of shared ownershipto develop and deploy

the single, national, polar-orbiting environmental remote-sensing capability

to meet next-generation civil and military needs

Breaking the Mold!

Thinking “Out of the Box”

Working Together

Creating SuccessThe only thing they pay us for!


SSPR ResponsibilitiesSSPR Responsibilities• Government and Contractor Share Risk

- Open Communications Facilitate Insight Into Each Other’s Decisions- Integrated Management Framework (IMF) Improves Visibility

• Large, Flexible Fee Pool- Approaches Commercial Returns- Meet Our Contractors Specific Motivators- Reflects Government Expectations- Success Defined As Meeting Requirements- Incentives Focus on Highest Program Risk -- Total System Integration and

Performance

Shared Ownership creates a Win/Win situation


SSPR Responsibilities cont...SSPR Responsibilities cont...Government Industry

Controls Performance Requirements

Controls All Aspects of Design and Manufacture

Manages SSPR Contractor Manages All Subcontractors and Associate Contractors

Establishes Flexible, Positive Rewards

Flow Rewards to All Teammates

Teammates and Supplier Relations Established Early

Flexible Teammate and Supplier Relationships Are Earn-on, Perform to Stay, Motivated to Innovate

Ensures Industrial Base Is Maintained

Business Relationships Based on Best Business Practices

Open Communications through IMF Open Communications through IMF


NPOESS Acquisition and NPOESS Acquisition and OperationOperation

• Acquisition and Operation (A&O) Contract was awarded on August 23, 2002 to TRW for $4.5B

• A&O Contract consists of:- 6 satellites- Taking over all government instrument contracts- Buying all “leveraged” instruments- Integrating GFE instruments (ADCS and SARSAT)- Building and deploying all ground systems

• C3 and data retrieval• Data processing hardware and software

- Software for worldwide users

• Operating system through IOC (2011) - With option to 2018


IPO Developed

Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)* X X X X (AVHRR) X

Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS)* X X X (IASI/HIRS) X

Conical MW Imager/Sounder (CMIS)* X X X

Ozone Mapper/Profiler Suite (OMPS) X X (GOME) X

GPS Occultation Sensor (GPSOS) X X (GRAS)

Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS) X X (SEM)

Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) X

Leveraged Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS)* X X X (AMSU/MHS)X

ARGOS-Data Collection System (A-DCS) X X X

Search and Rescue (SARSAT) X X X X

Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS) X

Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) X

Radar altimeter (ALT) X

Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) X

NPOESS Instruments05300530 13301330 09300930

METOPMETOP NPPNPP103009300930

TBDTBD

NPOESS PayloadsNPOESS Payloads

* Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite


CMIS - μwave imagerVIIRS - vis/IR imagerCrIS - IR sounderATMS - μwave sounder OMPS - ozoneGPSOS - GPS occultation ADCS - data collectionSESS - space environmentAPS - aerosol polarimeterSARSAT - search & rescueTSIS - solar irradianceERBS - Earth radiation budgetALT - altimeter

NPOESS SatelliteNPOESS Satellite

Single satellite design with common sensor locations

CMIS

VIIRS

CrIS

ATMS

ERBSOMPS

NPOESS 1330 Configuration


Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder(ATMS)

Northrop Grumman

Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite(OMPS)

Ball Aerospace

Cross-track IR Sounder(CrIS)

ITT Industries

Visible/IR Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)

Raytheon SBRS

Instruments inInstruments inDevelopment/Production PhaseDevelopment/Production Phase

Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS)

Boeing


Visible/Infrared Imager Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer SuiteRadiometer Suite


VIIRS DesignVIIRS Design


Compact, All Reflective Optical Compact, All Reflective Optical Design Minimizes Stray LightDesign Minimizes Stray Light

Rotating Telescope

Half Angle Mirror

FMA Imager

SWMWIR& LWIR Dewar

VisNIR/DNB FPA


VIIRS Data CharacteristicsVIIRS Data Characteristics

Nadir End of Scan Predicted Required Margin (%)M1 0.412 0.742 x 0.259 1.60 x 1.58 Ocean Color

AerosolsLowHigh

44.9155

483838

352316

37%165%

M2 0.445 0.742 x 0.259 1.60 x 1.58 Ocean ColorAerosols

LowHigh

40146

560847

380409

47%107%


LowHigh

32123

608784

416414

46%90%


LowHigh

2190

544643

362315

50%104%

I1 0.640 0.371 x 0.387 0.80 x 0.789 Imagery Single 22 147 119 24%


LowHigh

1068

366511

242360

51%42%

M6 0.746 0.742 x 0.776 1.60 x 1.58 Atmospheric Corr'n Single 9.6 318 199 60%I2 0.865 0.371 x 0.387 0.80 x 0.789 NDVI Single 25 222 150 48%


LowHigh

6.433.4

490487

215340

130%43%

DNB 0.7 0.742 x 0.742 0.742 x 0.742 Imagery Var. 6.70E-05 6.6 6 10%

M8 1.24 0.742 x 0.776 1.60 x 1.58 Cloud P article Size Single 5.4 114 74 54%M9 1.378 0.742 x 0.776 1.60 x 1.58 Cirrus/Cloud Cover Single 6 166 83 100%I3 1.61 0.371 x 0.387 0.80 x 0.789 B inary Snow Map Single 7.3 76.4 6.0 1170%

M10 1.61 0.742 x 0.776 1.60 x 1.58 Snow Fraction Single 7.3 513 342 50%M11 2.25 0.742 x 0.776 1.60 x 1.58 Clouds Single 0.12 15.2 10 52%I4 3.74 0.371 x 0.387 0.80 x 0.789 Imagery Clouds Single 270 K 0.967 2.500 160%

M12 3.70 0.742 x 0.776 1.60 x 1.58 SST Single 270 K 0.224 0.396 77%

M13 4.05 0.742 x 0.259 1.60 x 1.58 SSTFires

LowHigh

300 K380 K

0.4800.312

0.1070.423

120%35%

M14 8.55 0.742 x 0.776 1.60 x 1.58 Cloud Top Properties Single 270 K 0.051 0.091 78%M15 10.763 0.742 x 0.776 1.60 x 1.58 SST Single 300 K 0.030 0.070 130%I5 11.450 0.371 x 0.387 0.80 x 0.789 Cloud Imagery Single 210 K 0.093 1.500 61%

M16 21.013 0.742 x 0.776 1.60 x 1.58 SST Single 300 K 0.054 0.072 34%

Driving EDRsRadi-ance

Range

Ltyp or

Ttyp

Signal to Noise Ratio(dimensionless)

or NET (Kelvins)

CCD

Horiz Sample Interval(km Downtrack x Crosst rack)

Band

No.Wave-length

(m)

Sili

con

PIN

Dio

des

VIS

/NIR

FP

A

PV

HC

T

S/M

WIR

PV

HgC

dT

e (H

CT

)

LW

IR


Conical-scanning Microwave Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/SounderImager/Sounder

All Weather ImagingPrecipitation Measurement

Ocean surface wind field and cloud imagery


Cross-track Infrared Cross-track Infrared SounderSounder

Hurricane warm coretemperature anomaly


NPOESS Segment ArchitectureNPOESS Segment Architecture

ADS

Supplied by NOAA

CLASS

Interface Data Processing Segment

NESDISAFWAFNMOC NAVO

Field Terminal Segment

ADCS SARSAT

Supplied by NASASDS

C3 Segment

WSC LEO&ABackup T&C

SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD

MMC at SuitlandFlight Operations Team

MMC at SchrieverAlternate Operations

Team

Data Handling Node

Front EndProcessor

15 Globally Distributed Receptor Sites

Launch Support Segment

1730Space Segment 1330 2130 Residual SatellitesNPP

GPS TDRSS


NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)Joint IPO/NASA Risk Reduction DemoJoint IPO/NASA Risk Reduction Demo

• NPP Spacecraft contract awarded to Ball Aerospace – May 2002• Instrument Risk Reduction

• Early delivery / instrument-level test / system-level integration and test• VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO)VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO)• CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO)CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO)• ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NASA)ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NASA)

- Provides lessons learned and allows time for any required modifications before NPOESS first launch

• Ground System Risk Reduction- Early delivery and test of a subset of NPOESS-like ground system

elements- Early User Evaluation of NPOESS data products- Provides algorithms / instrument verification and opportunities for

instrument calibration / validation prior to first NPOESS launch- Allows for algorithm modification prior to first NPOESS launch

• Continuity of data for NASA’s EOS Terra/Aqua missions


The NPP SystemThe NPP System

Command, Control &Communication Segment

(C3S)

Command, Control &Communication Segment

(C3S)Interface Data Processing

Segment (IDPS)Interface Data Processing

Segment (IDPS)

Launch Support Segment (LSS)

Launch Support Segment (LSS)

Archive & DistributionSegment (ADS)

Archive & DistributionSegment (ADS)

•Manage Mission (joint funding)•Manage Satellite Operations•Space/Ground Comm•Data Routing & Retrieval

•Manage Mission (joint funding)•Manage Satellite Operations•Space/Ground Comm•Data Routing & Retrieval

• Launch vehicle• Launch support• Payload Processing support

• Launch vehicle• Launch support• Payload Processing support

•Ingest and validate raw SMD•Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs•Perform operations cal proc•Provide data records to Centrals, SDS & ADS

•Ingest and validate raw SMD•Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs•Perform operations cal proc•Provide data records to Centrals, SDS & ADS

• Ingest & validate data records• Manage archive• Interface with users• Generate user products• Track user orders• Generate accounting reports

• Ingest & validate data records• Manage archive• Interface with users• Generate user products• Track user orders• Generate accounting reports

Science DataSegment (SDS)Science Data

Segment (SDS)

• Ingest and validate RDRs• Process RDRs to Level 1B• Generate climate data products• Perform science cal proc• Provide Climate data to ADS

• Ingest and validate RDRs• Process RDRs to Level 1B• Generate climate data products• Perform science cal proc• Provide Climate data to ADS

• Spacecraft

• ATMS• Ground Support Equipment

• Spacecraft

• ATMS• Ground Support Equipment

• VIIRS• CrIS

-NOAA Funding

-IPO Funding

-NASA Funding

IPO AntennaLocation

X


Calibration/ValidationCalibration/Validation

Calibration

• Absolute Accuracy

• Polarization Purity

• Geolocation Accuracy

• Instrument Stability

• Doppler Correction

• Antenna Pattern Correction

Validation

• Ocean Wind Speed

• Water Vapor• Cloud Water• Rain Rate• Sea Ice• Soil Moisture• Snow water • Land Temp• Lower Air

Profiles• Upper Air

Profiles

Mission Success

• Meet Specification

• Operational production of synoptic maps and profiles of critical atmospheric, oceanographic and land parameters

• Quality Control

Ensures Users

• NWP

• Real-time tactical

• Non-tactical

•JTWC

•NHC

•JIC

• Others

To tie it all together and make it work….


IDPS ProductsIDPS ProductsEnvironmental Data RecordsEnvironmental Data Records

VIIRS – Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite

Environmental Properties Displayed at VIIRS Pixel

Locations

Cloud Top Heights

Cloud Layers

Total Precipitable Water

Surface Temperature


Environmental ObservingEnvironmental Observing

All Weather ImagingPrecipitation Measurement

Multi-spectral Hurricane Mapping and Profiling

Ozone Monitoring

Sea Surface Temperature Ocean Circulation

Natural HazardsDetection and Mapping

Snow and IceMapping and Monitoring

NNATIONAL ATIONAL PPOLAR-ORBITING OLAR-ORBITING OOPERATIONAL PERATIONAL EENVIRONMENTAL NVIRONMENTAL SSATELLITE ATELLITE SSYSTEMYSTEMProtect Safety of Life and Protect Safety of Life and PropertyProperty

Improve Accuracy of Severe Weather WarningsImprove Accuracy of Severe Weather Warnings

Improved Microwave Improved Microwave Imagery/Sounding Imagery/Sounding products will products will improve prediction improve prediction of wind speed and of wind speed and directiondirectionIncrease in hurricane Increase in hurricane landfall forecast skill landfall forecast skill will save an estimated will save an estimated $1 million per mile of $1 million per mile of coastline that does coastline that does not have to be not have to be evacuatedevacuated

Improved early Improved early warnings mitigate the warnings mitigate the devastating effects of devastating effects of floods through floods through disaster planning and disaster planning and responseresponse


NPOESS Benefits the NationNPOESS Benefits the Nation• Accurate forecasts are critical to the protection of life, Accurate forecasts are critical to the protection of life,

safety, and propertysafety, and property• NPOESS data will improve forecasts and warningsNPOESS data will improve forecasts and warnings• Improved forecasts willImproved forecasts will

- Reduce loss of life and propertyReduce loss of life and property- benefit US industry through increased productivitybenefit US industry through increased productivity

• NPOESS will maintain long-term data continuity for climate NPOESS will maintain long-term data continuity for climate monitoring and assessmentmonitoring and assessment


Additional COnsiderationsAdditional COnsiderations• Each satellite will produce approximately 2 TB of data per dayEach satellite will produce approximately 2 TB of data per day

- RDRs – Raw Data RecordsRDRs – Raw Data Records- SDRs – Sensor Data Records – calibrated geolocatedSDRs – Sensor Data Records – calibrated geolocated- EDRs – Environmental Data Records – productsEDRs – Environmental Data Records – products

• NPP will not have direct broadcastNPP will not have direct broadcast• NPOESS will have direct broadcast, but receiving station costs will NPOESS will have direct broadcast, but receiving station costs will

make electronic data transfers attractive.make electronic data transfers attractive.• Distribution of NPP and NPOESS data to the Asia Pacific region Distribution of NPP and NPOESS data to the Asia Pacific region

could be a major new EO-WG objective.could be a major new EO-WG objective.• If there is interest in this the requirement for NPP and NPOESS If there is interest in this the requirement for NPP and NPOESS

data needs to be expressed to the national representatives of the data needs to be expressed to the national representatives of the GEO.GEO.

npoess national polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system briefing to the apan earth...

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