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Prof. Dr. Rıza Türköz Novel fenestration designs for controlled venous flow shunting in failing Fontans with systemic venous hypertension Cardiac Surgeon: Definition of the problem 1

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Novel fenestration designs for controlled venous flow shunting in failing Fontans with systemic venous hypertension Cardiac Surgeon: Definition of the problem

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Page 1: Novel fenestration designs for controlled venous flow shunting in failing Fontans with systemic venous hypertension  Cardiac Surgeon: Definition of the problem

Prof. Dr. Rıza Türköz

Novel fenestration designs for control led venous f low shunting in fai l ing Fontans with systemic

venous hypertension Cardiac Surgeon: Definition of the

problem

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Page 2: Novel fenestration designs for controlled venous flow shunting in failing Fontans with systemic venous hypertension  Cardiac Surgeon: Definition of the problem

Normal kalbin çal ışması

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Page 3: Novel fenestration designs for controlled venous flow shunting in failing Fontans with systemic venous hypertension  Cardiac Surgeon: Definition of the problem

Tek ventrikül Morfoloj is i

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Page 4: Novel fenestration designs for controlled venous flow shunting in failing Fontans with systemic venous hypertension  Cardiac Surgeon: Definition of the problem

Tek ventrikül insidensi Tek ventrikül insidensi

Tek ventrikül insidensi her 10 000 doğumda 4-8 arasında * Tüm konjenital kalp hastalıklarının %7.7 *

%3.2 Hipoplastik sol kalp sendromu

%1.3 Triküspit atrazisi %3.2 Tüm diğer patolojiler

44* O’Leary PW . Prevalence, c l inical presentation and natural history of patients with single ventricle . Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 16 (2002 ) 31–38

Page 5: Novel fenestration designs for controlled venous flow shunting in failing Fontans with systemic venous hypertension  Cardiac Surgeon: Definition of the problem

Opere edi lmemiş tek Opere edi lmemiş tek ventrikül olgularında sağ ventrikül olgularında sağ

kalım kalım Moodie ve ark* 83 vakalık en geniş serinin izlemi İyi gelişmiş sol ventrikülü olan vakaların %70, 16 yaşından

önce kaybediliyor Sağ ventrikül morfolojili olguların ise tanı sonrası 4 yılda

sadece %50 si hayatta kalıyor. En önemli ölüm sebepleri

Aritmi

KKY Ani açıklanamayan ölüm

55*Moodie DS et al. Long-term follow-up in the unoperated univentricular heart. Am J Cardiol. 1984;53:1124

Page 6: Novel fenestration designs for controlled venous flow shunting in failing Fontans with systemic venous hypertension  Cardiac Surgeon: Definition of the problem

Tek ventrikül Fizyoloj is i

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Glenn Operasyonu --Fontan Operasyonu

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Tek ventrikül Fizyolojisi Tek ventrikül Fizyolojisi

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Tek ventrikül Fizyolojisi Tek ventrikül Fizyolojisi

Page 10: Novel fenestration designs for controlled venous flow shunting in failing Fontans with systemic venous hypertension  Cardiac Surgeon: Definition of the problem

Fontan Fizyoloj is i

Sistemik ve pulmoner venöz sistemin ayrılması

Sistemik venöz dönüş ile PA arasında darlık olmayan, pasif akım sağlıyan bir yol oluşturulması

Fizyolojik avantajı

Siyanozun düzelmesi Volüm yükünün azalması

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Ori j inal Fontan Operasyonu

1971

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Fig. 1. The Fontan operation as originally described by F. Fontan for tricuspid atresia was comprised of five steps: (1) Glenn shunt to the right lung; (2) harvest of the main pulmonary artery from the right ventricular outflow tract; (3) anastomosis of main pulmonary artery to the right atrium with an interposed homograft valve; (4) placement of a homograft valve in the inferior vena cava-right atrium junction; and (5) closure of atrial septal defect. (Reprinted with permission from Fontan F, Baudet E, Thorax 1971;26:240.)

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Kreutzer Modifikasyonu APC1973-1982

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Björk modifikasyonu 1979

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De Leval - TCPC 1988

Lateral Tünel Dacron veya PTFE ile

atriumun bölünmesi Düz bir yol oluşturulması

Türbulans ve enerji kaybı olmadan laminar akım sağlanması

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Fenestre Fontan1990

Bridges Sistemik venöz P azaltır

Mortalite ve morbidite azalır Plevral effüzyon, assit, hepatik

konjesyon ve protein kaybettiren enteropati daha az

Preload ve CO sürdürür Sistemik Satürasyon düşer

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Ekstrakardiak Fontan 1988-1990

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Ekstrakardiak Fontan × Ekstrakardiak Fontan × Lateral Tunel Lateral Tunel

Daha fazla laminar akım Atriyumda min. insizyon ve sütür Atrium daha düşük P

Atrial aritmi riski daha az

PVAtriumda yabancı materyel yok Baffle leak ihtimali yok

Sistemik tromboemboli riski az Koroner sinüs düşük P venöz atrium tarafında kalır Kardioplejik arrest gerekmez, CPB süresi daha kısa

Daha iyi LV fonksiyonları Fenestrasyon ilavesi veya revizyonu CPB’suz. Sistemik venöz ve pulmoner venöz dönüş anomalisinde

teknik daha kolay Tranplantasyonda pulmoner arter rekons daha kolay

Dezavantajları Antikoagülasyon

Büyük greft yerleştirme zorluğu

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Avantaj ları

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TCPC sonrası TCPC sonrası komplikasyonlar komplikasyonlar Kava-pulmoner dolaşımda P artmasına bağlı

SVCS, hepatomegali, assit, ödem, siyanoz (fens ile)

Düşük kardiak debi Med tedavi, assist device , takedown, transplantasyon

Akut KC disfonksiyonu Aritmi Diğerleri

Plevral effüzyon, şilotoraks, perikardial effüzyon

Tromboembolik olaylar, Frenik sinir paralizisi

Diğer kronik komplikasyonlar Venöz kollateral gelişimi, intrahepatik venöz fistüller , PAVM, sistemik-pulm

arterial kollateral , gelişme geriliği, aritmiler, PLE, plastik bronşitis, tromboembolik olaylar

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TCPC sonrası uzun TCPC sonrası uzun dönemde komplikasyonların dönemde komplikasyonların Fizyopatoloj is i Fizyopatoloj is i Sistemik venöz basıncın artması ve pulsatil akımın kaybolması

Ventrikül fonksiyonlarının bozulması Pulmoner venöz obstrüksiyon AV kapak yetmezliği

Unbalansa CAVSD sık Aritmiler

Atrium büyümesi, insizyonu ve dikişler ile : atriopulmoner anastomozlar >lateral tünel >EKF

İlerleyici Siyanoz

SVP yüksekliği ile çeşitli kollateral ve AVM

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Fenestrasyon

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Fenestrasyon rutin veya r iskl i vakalarda ?

Tek AC Fontan

Yüksek pulmoner arter basıncı

Yüksek pulmoner vasküler rezistans

Anormal pulmoner arter anatomisi

Sağ ventrikül dominansı

Bozuk ventrikül fonksiyonu

Belirgin AV kapak yetmezliği

Erken cerrahi

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Fenestrasyon Avantaj ları - - Dezavantaj ları

AvantajPostoperatif hemodinami iyiYB süresi kısa Toraks tüpü süresi kısa Yatiş kısa Erken mortalite Geç mortalite Erken veya geç dönemde keşke koysaydım. Venöz sistemden anjio ve kateter

Avantaj

DezavantajSiyanozTromboemboli**Kapamak için tekrar girişimAritmi ?

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Fenestrasyonun seyri

2.5-4 mm=== %50-90 1 yılda kapanıyor

4 mm > === %40-70 1 yılda kapanıyor

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Basınça göre değişen fenestrasyon

2.5 mm altında fenestrasyonda tromboemboli riski çok düşük

İhtiyaç halinde (sistemik venöz ile pulmoner venöz atrium arasında P artması ile) ~8-10 mmHg

Fenestrasyon çapı artarak hemodinami rahatlıyabilirmi ?

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TEŞEKKÜR TEŞEKKÜR EDERİMEDERİM

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