NOTIUNI DE ARTROLOGIE A MEMBRELOR

POSTUREPOSTURELOCOMOTIONLOCOMOTION

BONESBONES MUSCLESMUSCLES VASCULAR VASCULAR SYSTEMSYSTEM

JOINTSJOINTS

NERVOUS NERVOUS SYSTEMSYSTEM

JOINTSJOINTS

= places where two bones come together = places where two bones come together

permit the bones to move without damaging each otherpermit the bones to move without damaging each other

allow movements of different segments of the body and allow movements of different segments of the body and the the integration of the whole body in the environmentintegration of the whole body in the environment

TYPES OF JOINTS TYPES OF JOINTS

IMMOVABLEIMMOVABLE JOINTSJOINTS (fibrous joints) (fibrous joints)

schindylesis (a bone between the 2 plates of schindylesis (a bone between the 2 plates of another one)another one)

SutureSuture (cranium) (cranium) GomphosisGomphosis (between the tooth and the alveolar (between the tooth and the alveolar

bone)bone)

SLIGHTLY MOVABLE JOINTSSLIGHTLY MOVABLE JOINTS (cartilaginous joints) (cartilaginous joints)

SynchondrosisSynchondrosis (base of skull) (base of skull) SymphysisSymphysis (fibrocartilage between the two bones, (fibrocartilage between the two bones,

e.g. vertebral bodies)e.g. vertebral bodies)

FREELY MOVABLE JOINTSFREELY MOVABLE JOINTS (synovial joints) (synovial joints)

ARTICULATII

FIXE(FIBROASE)

SINARTROZE

SEMIMOBILE(CARTILAGINOASE)

AMFIARTROZE

MOBILE(SINOVIALE)

DIARTROZE

SINDESMOZA

(tibioperonieră inferioară)

SUTURA

(craniu)

GOMFOZA

(dinţi în alveole)

SINCONDROZA

(temporară)

SIMFIZA

(pubiană, mentonieră)

Clasificarea articulaţiilor sinoviale după forma suprafeţelor articulare şi tipul mişcării

Elementele structuraleale unei articulaţii sinoviale

1. 1.   Tipul articulatiei

 2.    Suprafete osoase articulare

 3.    Structuri de protecţie a suprafeţelor osoase şi amortizare a presiunilor

       cartilagiu hialin

 4.    Structuri de adaptare a suprafeţelor articulare (congruenţă)

       Fibrocartilagii : menisc, disc

 5.    Structuri de menţinere în poziţie:

       Capsula articulară (manşon fibros care se inseră la periferia suprafeţelor osoase articulare)

 6.    Structuri de intarire şi protectie        ligamente, tendoane

 7.    Structuri de alunecare -fluid sinovial, teci, burse sinoviale

 8.    Structuri vasculo-nervoase

   9.    Structuri de mobilizare

      10. muşchi ce mobilizează articulaţia