Name:____________________ Period:____ Date:__________

The Ancient Hebrews

Who were the Hebrews?

• The Hebrew civilization started in ______________, northeast of Egypt.

• The civilization flourished from ______________B.C.E. – ______________C.E.

• The Hebrews were the founders of ______________.

• Judaism was the world’s first ______________religion.

• Monotheism is the belief in ______________god.

• Their sacred text is the ______________.

• Torah means “______________teaching.”

• The Torah is our ______________source of information about the Hebrews.

• This information was passed down ______________and then later written down.

• Historians then have used ______________to understand the events depicted in the Torah.

What We Know About the Ancient Hebrews

• The father of the Hebrews was named ______________.

• He and his family lived in the city of Ur, in ______________.

• He moved his family to ______________.

• There they herded flocks of sheep and goats.

• Around 1800 B.C.E. the Hebrews went to Egypt to the ______________(The Land of Goshen)

• There they farmed, but were eventually made ______________(by the Egyptians.

• Between 1250 – 1200 B.C.E. ______________led the Hebrews out of Egypt.

• The Torah says they wandered in the ______________for 40 years, eventually settling in Canaan.

• By 1000 B.C.E. the Hebrews had a kingdom with ______________as king.

• The Central Beliefs and Teachings of Judaism

• Judaism teaches that God is all-______________and all-______________.

• Jews believe it is their duty to ______________and ______________God.

• They speak to God through ______________.

• Following God’s law is very important.

• It first started with the ______________Commandments.

• Eventually there were ______________laws including ones about how to prepare food.

• The Hebrews ______________view their leaders as gods.

• Remember they only believed in ______________god.

• What’s that called again?

• They viewed all people who keep the law ______________in God’s sight.

• Knowing God’s law was important to the Hebrews.

• ______________are Jewish teachers.

• The ______________contained the oral tradition and teachings of rabbis.

Abraham (According to the Torah)

• ______________was born around ______________B.C.E.

• Credited to introducing the belief in ______________God to the Hebrews.

• Judaism begin with a ______________between God and Abraham.

• A covenant is a sacred ______________.

• God told Abraham to go to ______________.

• God promised Abraham he would be the father of a ______________.

• His descendants are the ______________.

• Abraham promised that his ______________would always follow God.

• In return God renamed Abram to Abraham

• Abraham means father of ______________.

• Because of Abraham’s ______________, Jews believed they should set an example of how to ______________. Their reward was the ______________land.

Moses (According to the Torah)

• The Hebrews living in Egypt were becoming powerful.

• The pharaoh feared them, and decided to make them ______________.

• Moses asked pharaoh to let the Hebrews go ______________.

• Pharaoh refused. ______________plagues then struck Egypt.

• These plagues ranged from the Nile turning into blood, locust, and the ______________of the ______________born son.

• Pharaoh then ______________the Hebrews to go, but changes his mind after they leave.

• Moses then parts the ______________Sea in order to get away from the Egyptian army.

• This is called the ______________.

• After leaving Egypt the Hebrews wandered the desert for ______________years.

• During this time they were given the ______________.

• These laws became the ______________of Judaism's basic laws and principals.

• These laws included moral laws such as not stealing, ______________, and obeying your parents.

• ______________duties such as having ______________other gods.

• And the ______________, a day of rest and worship.

• Moses ______________to Judaism by leading the Hebrews out of ______________and by giving them their laws.

• These things ______________the Hebrew people.

David (According to the Torah)

• David lived around ______________B.C.E.

• During this time Hebrews were at war with a group called the ______________.

• This is where the David and Goliath story comes from.

• ______________defeats ______________and eventually becomes king of the Hebrews.

• He united the two parts of the Hebrew kingdom, ______________and ______________.

• David made ______________as the capital of Israel, bringing the ____________________________to this city.

• The Ark was the chest containing the ______________.

• Solomon (According to the Torah)

• Solomon was David’s ______________.

• He built a ______________to house the Ark of the Covenant.

• This temple required a large number of ______________.

• This required gold, ______________, copper, and other materials.

• The taxes angered the Hebrews, near his death, 931 B.C.E. the ______________tribes ______________away.

• Israel became ______________(separate kingdoms again.

• Their descendants ruled ______________in the south.

• After David and Solomon the Jewish people had kings for over ______________years.

The Diaspora

• The Northern kingdom of Israel fell in ______________B.C.E. when the ______________swept through the land.

• Because of the division of Israel and Judah, they were not able to fend off attacks as easily.

• Leaders were sent to ______________.

• In 597 B.C.E. ______________was invaded by ______________.

• King Nebuchadnezzar ______________the city of Jerusalem.

• The city held out until food ran out. Then the walls were ______________.

• In 586 B.C.E. Solomon’s great Temple of Jerusalem was ______________.

• Most of the people of Judah were ______________to Babylon.

• This was the beginning of the ______________.

• Diaspora means a ______________.

Foreign Rule

• The Hebrews began being called ______________during this time under the Babylonians.

• In 539 B.C.E. the Babylonians were conquered by the ______________.

• King Cyrus, released the Jews from ______________.

• Many returned to ______________.

• Later the Greeks ruled the Hebrews.

• The Greeks tried to force the Hebrews to worship ______________.

• The Jews fought a war for ______________years against the Greeks.

• In 164 B.C.E. the Jews were victorious.

• ______________is celebrated to honor this.

Roman Rule

• The Hebrews were independent for ______________Years after they defeated the Greeks.

• In 63 B.C.E. the ______________conquered them.

• The Romans did not tolerate ______________and executed over ____________________________Jews.

• Romans ______________Jews to practice their own religion.

• Jews were also allowed some self ______________.

• In 22 B.C.E. King Herod was allowed to rebuild the ______________.

• In 66 C.E. the Jews ______________.

• For 4 years the Jews kept the Romans ______________of Jerusalem.

• In 70 C.E. 60,000 Roman soldiers attacked and destroyed Jerusalem and the temple.

• All that remains was the ____________________________.

• The Romans then forbade Jews from entering Jerusalem and ______________thousands across the empire.

Preserving Judaism

• Rabbi Yohanan ben Zaccai knew the Hebrews couldn’t beat the ______________.

• He faked his own death and was smuggled ______________of Jerusalem in a coffin.

• He later forms a ______________to teach Judaism and train Rabbis in Yavneh.

• Before the temple fell only religious leaders could read from the ______________.

• Now ______________could.

• ______________then had to be built if there were 10 adult males.

• A synagogue is a Jewish house of ______________.

• Judaism was able to grow and ______________because of these new traditions.