notes on lichens collected by sir john richardson in arctic america

18
184 THE REV. W. A. LEIGHTON ON LICHENS others the spike has the usual form, and many of the flowers pro- duce apparently perfect seeds, usually the relation between deve- lopment of flowers and that of bracts is inverse. From the axil of some of these enlarged bracts there grows a peduncle support- ing a spike, which is nearer the natural structure as to length, aize of bracts, and development of flowers. TRIEOLXUM HYBRIDOM. This plant, known as a forage plant by the name Alsike Clover, sometimes shows complete transformation of its ovary into a leaf resembling in miniature the ordinary leaves of the plant. Some- times the change is incomplete, the leaf remaining conduplicate, with edges partially adherent near the apex, with a gradual pro- longation resembling style and stigma. Notes on Lichens collected by Sir JOHN RICHARDSON in Arctic America. By the Rev. W. A. LEIGHTON, B.A., F.B.S.E. Com- municated by Dr. HOOKXB, F.R.S.,V.P.L.S. [Read March 16, 1865.1 [PLATE 11.1 AT the request of Dr. Joseph D. Hooker, of Kew, I have under- taken to examine and name a large case of Lichens collected by Sir J. Richardson iu Arctic America, chiefly in 1826, and the fol- lowing descriptive Catalogue is the result of the examination. The locolities whence the Lichens were collected were Mac- kenzie River (lat. 67' N.) ; Great Bear Lake (lat. 66'N.) ; Fort Franklin (lat. 65' 14 N.) ; Fort Enterprise (lat. 64' 33' N.) ; Great Slave Lake (lat. 61O 3O'N.); Pork Factory, Hudson's Bay (lat. 57O N.) ; Missinnippi River (lat. 55'40' N.) ; and River St. Mary's, Lake Superior (lat. 47' N.). The number of Lichens which I have named is 163, including species, varieties, and forms. Only two Lichens, Platysina Richard- sonii and Dactylina arctica peculiar to North America were found in the collection ; unless the species ahich I have hereafter de- scribed as new, Pewucana Ei.ankliniana, Arthonia intumescens, and Odontotrema Richardsonii are to be added, but whose distri- bution is at present necessarily doubtful. The remainder were common to Scandinavia and Europe generally.

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Page 1: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

184 THE REV. W. A. LEIGHTON ON LICHENS

others the spike has the usual form, and many of the flowers pro- duce apparently perfect seeds, usually the relation between deve- lopment of flowers and that of bracts is inverse. From the axil of some of these enlarged bracts there grows a peduncle support- ing a spike, which is nearer the natural structure as to length, aize of bracts, and development of flowers.

TRIEOLXUM HYBRIDOM.

This plant, known as a forage plant by the name Alsike Clover, sometimes shows complete transformation of its ovary into a leaf resembling in miniature the ordinary leaves of the plant. Some- times the change is incomplete, the leaf remaining conduplicate, with edges partially adherent near the apex, with a gradual pro- longation resembling style and stigma.

Notes on Lichens collected by Sir JOHN RICHARDSON in Arctic America. By the Rev. W. A. LEIGHTON, B.A., F.B.S.E. Com- municated by Dr. HOOKXB, F.R.S.,V.P.L.S.

[Read March 16, 1865.1

[PLATE 11.1

AT the request of Dr. Joseph D. Hooker, of Kew, I have under- taken to examine and name a large case of Lichens collected by Sir J. Richardson iu Arctic America, chiefly in 1826, and the fol- lowing descriptive Catalogue is the result of the examination.

The locolities whence the Lichens were collected were Mac- kenzie River (lat. 67' N.) ; Great Bear Lake (lat. 66'N.) ; Fort Franklin (lat. 65' 14 N.) ; Fort Enterprise (lat. 64' 33' N.) ; Great Slave Lake (lat. 6 1 O 3O'N.); Pork Factory, Hudson's Bay (lat. 57O N.) ; Missinnippi River (lat. 55'40' N.) ; and River St. Mary's, Lake Superior (lat. 47' N.).

The number of Lichens which I have named is 163, including species, varieties, and forms. Only two Lichens, Platysina Richard- sonii and Dactylina arctica peculiar to North America were found in the collection ; unless the species ahich I have hereafter de- scribed as new, Pewucana Ei.ankliniana, Arthonia intumescens, and Odontotrema Richardsonii are to be added, but whose distri- bution is a t present necessarily doubtful. The remainder were common to Scandinavia and Europe generally.

Page 2: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

COLLECTED IN ARCTIC AMIRICA.

Stereocaulei ..........................

Cetrariei .............................. Peltigerei ..............................

.................... ....................

........................ ........................ ................... * .... Lecideini .............................. Graphidei ..............................

-185

1 1 5 2 3 3 1 7 2 3

They may be tabulated thus :- - Species.

1 3 1 1

14 1 1 8 7 8 13 5

23 15 3 4

Varieties or

0 0 0 0

49 0 0 8 8 1

10 2 9 8 0 0

Form%. -

Total.. .............

Sir John Richardson has kindly communicated some informa- tion respecting the formation of the collection, which, with his permission, I here insert.

“During our summer travelling, that is from the end of June till the end of August, no lichens were gathered. W e seldom landed froin the boats oftener than twice a day, and stayed on shore only half an hour at a time, or until our kettle was boiled. This time was spent in the collection of phsnogamous plants ; the immediate banks of the rivers, or a t least the spots where landing was convenient, being unproductive of lichens, beiog either rocks smoothly shaven by the ice borne over them in the spring floods, or thickets of young willows. I n the winter-time the terrestrial lichens were deep under the snow till late in June, and the forests near our winter-houses being of white spruce, yielded no variety of corticolar lichens. On the boat-tracks, frequent fires had consumed the old forest trees, and we had no leisure to ex- plore the depths of the woods. A few corticolar lichens were got on Lake Superior, where the trees are inore various. The terres- trial lichens were gathered at Great Bear and Great Slave Lakes before starting on our summer voyages after the snow had melted ; and, from my ignorance of the species of Cladonia, I preserved more specimens than I would otherwise have done, and most likely neglected some that Lought to have taken. The Barren Grounds are densely covered for many hundreds of miles with

Page 3: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

186 T E E REV. W. A. LEIGHTOB OR LICHENS

Corniculariae and Cetrarise, and where the ground is moist with Cladonke, while the boulders thickly scattered over the surface are clothed with Gyrophorae ; but the number of specimens of each species in my collection will be no measure of the existing number of plants in any locality, The smaller stones on the gravelly ridges of the Barren Grounds are covered with lichens ; but as they codd not be detached and we could not carry the stones with us, few were gathered. What I did bring home were ob- tained in 1822-23 near Fort Enterprise, and they are named by Sir William Hooker in the Botanical Appendix to Franklin’s first journey, 4to edition, 1823.”

Valuable and interesting as the collection assuredly is, still, as the foregoing account shows that it professes to be neither com- plete nor comprehensive, it would seem to be mere guess-work to attempt to speculate on the distribution of the lichens further than is done in the preceding table.

Three perfect sets of the lichens hzve been made up ; one for the National Herbarium at Kew ; one for Sir John Richardson ; and one for my own herbarium. The numbers prefixed to the names in the Catalogue correspond with similar numbers on the specimens themselves, and will serve as a guide to future identifi- cation.

NOSTOC.

NO. 1. N. COMMUNE, VUUCh. For the connection between Nostoc and Colkma see ‘ Micro-

scopical Journal,’ vol. i. (new ser.) pp. 13 & 90, andvol. viii. p. 239.

LEPTOQIUM, Fr. NO. 2. L. TREMELLOIDES, Fr.

Hub. Great Bear Lake. Without fructification.

Hub. Great Slave Lake ; Great Bear Lake. Without fructification.

NO. 3. L. SATURNINUM, Ny2.

No. 4. [N.B. There was another single specimen from Great Slave Lake which possibly may be Cdlema pulposum, Ach., but in too imperfect a condition to decide.]

CONIOCYBE, Ach. NO. 5. c. FURFURACEA, ACh.

Hab. On decaying moss and branches by a rivulet in a shndy place, Bear Lake, NOV. la, 1825.

Page 4: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

COUECTED IN ARCTIC AMEFUQA. 187

BCEOMTCEB, Pers. No. 6. B. ICMADOPHILUB, Nyl. ; Fellmann’s Lich. Lapp. Orient. 24.

Hub. Fort Franklin ; Great Bear Lake.

CLADONIA, E f m . C. PYXIDATA, Fr.

KO. f . Forma simplex, Ach. Hub. Great Slave Lake; Great Bear Lake.

No. 8. Forma staphyleu, Ach. HHb. Great Bear Lake.

No. 9. Forma simplex, Ach. Transiens in C . pityream, Ach.=forma po- cillum, Ach. “ podetia per setatem versus marginem scyphi pulveru- lenta evadunt.”

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 10. C. ChxIosA, Flk. Nyl. Syr. 194; Fe‘ellmann’s IAch. Lapp. Orient. 27.

Hub. Great Slave Lake; Great Bear Lake ; Fort Franklin.

C . FIMBXIATA, H o f m ,

F. tubc$wmis, Ach. (the only specimen). No. 11. Forma conistu, Ach.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 12. C. PITYREA, Ach.

Hub. Great Bear Lake. Forma simplex accedens ad formsm denticutatam.

[From careful observation of the living plants, and of extensive series in my herbarium, it appears to me that there are two inter- mediate series (species ?) between 0. pyxidata and Jimbriata. They may be thus distinguished :-

C. PYXIDATA, Fr. Forma simplex. F. staphylea. F. synthetu. F. lophyra. F. pocillum.

Podetia continuously corticate, grannlato-verrucose. Scyphi cup-shaped, short, simple.

Scyphi simply or repetito-proliferous. Scyphi foliaceo-crisped on the margin and prolificant. Thalline leaves broad and thick ; podetia and diaphragm

Apothecia on the margin of the scyphi podicillate, large.

verrucose albo-caesious, pruinose (transitus in pityream).

C. PITYREA, Ach. Podetia pulverulento-granillaso-furfuraceous, ashy white, smooth and decorticate in the upper part.

Forma simplex. Scyphi simple. F. denticulata. F. syntheta.

Margins of scyphi denticulate. Scyphi simply or repetito-proliferous.

Page 5: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

188 THE BEV. W. A. LEtGIHTON ON LICHENS

F. decorticata. Podetia elongated, cylindrical, white, decorticate, squa-

Podetia pulverulent, granules coarser at the base,

Podetia elongate, cylindrical, clothed entirely

Forma conista. Podetia short, subturbinate, scyphi cyathiform, simple ;

F. lubczformis. Podetia elongate, cylindrical ; scyphi regular ; margins

F. dentirmlata, similar to tubeformis in shape, but margins of scyphi den-

F. carpophora. Similar to tubaformis in shape, but margins of scyphi

F. jibula. Podetia long, subcylindrical ; scyphi narrow or none ; apo.

F. abortiva. Podetia elongated obtuse, or obscurely scyphiferous, more

F. pol i fera . Scyphi proliferous. F. radiuta. Podetia elongated ; margins of scyphi more or less variously

radiate. F. cornuta. Podetia elongated, subuliform, simple or branched. F. nemoayna.

moso-exasperate (transitus in cariosam).

sulphury-yellow (transitus in jimbriatarn).

with a veryjine white dust.

margin entire.

entire.

ticulate.

hearing apothecia.

thecia sessile, congested.

or less squamose.

C. CHLOROPHASA, Flk.

C. FIMBRIATA, Hofm.

Podetia long, branched, branches divided, subuliform.] C. GRACILIS, Hofm.

No. 13. Forma subulata, Dill. xiv. fig. 13 c (gracilis, Ach. Syn.).

No. 14. Forma podetiis ascyphis et scyphis simplicibus.

No. 15. Forma sryphis simplicibus.

No. 16. Forma scyphis proliferis.

No, 17. Forma podetiis hasi infuscatis.

Hab. Great Bear Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Hab. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Hab. Great Bear Lake.

C. CORNUTA, Fr.

Hab. Great Bear Lake. No. 18. Forms subuluta, scyphophora, et radiata.

C. DEGENERANS, Flk. No. 19. Forma hnplofea, Ach. (Nyl. Syn. 200).

No. 20. Forma euphorea, Ach. (Nyl.). Hab. Great Bear Lake.

<' Podetiis efoliolosis vix vel ob- solete albo-punctrtis." Vergens ad Cl. graci lm.

Hab. Great Bear Lake.

Page 6: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

COLLECTED IN ARCTIC AMERICA. 189

No. 21. Forma proxime accedens ad C. gracilem.

No. 22. Forma pleolepis, Ach.

Hab. Great Bear Lake.

Podetiis foliaceo-squamulosis ; apotheciis et squamulis densissime confertis super scyphos.

Hab. Great Bear Lake.

No. 23. Forma anomea, Ach. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 24. Forma Eepidota, Ach.

KO. 25. Forma dadnphora, Leighton.

Hab. On Twigs, York Factory.

Podetiis prolificatione scyphorum evauescentium subdichotomo-ramosis sursum attenuatis, scabridis aut verruculosis, fusco-cinereis, basi albo-guttatis, apicibus denticulatis ; apotheciis miuutis fuscis.

C. FURCATA, Ho$m.

Hab. Great Bear Lake.

No. 26. Forma recuma. Hab. Great Bear Lake.

c. CRISPATA (ACh.), Nyl. No. 27. Identical with Tuck. Lich. Amer. Sept. 31.

No. 28. Forma podetiis superne dilatatis ; scyphis prolifero-ramosissimis

Hub. Great Slave Lake.

cymosis. Hab. Great Slave Lake; Great Bear Lake.

No. 29. Forma C. fascicularis 8. albicans, Del. in Dub. Bot. Gall. 627. Hab. Great Bear Lake.

c. RANGIFERINA, HO$m. No. 30. Forma typica, apicibus subsecundis nutantibus.-Dill. xvi. f. 29 A.

Hub. Great Slave Lake.

No. 31. Forma gigantea, Ach.

No. 32. Forma cymosa, Ach. Syn.

No. 33. Forma sylvatica, Ach.

Podetiis subverruculosis. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Apicibus divergentibus cymosis. Hab. Great Bear Lake.

Apicibus erectiusculis vix nutantibus.- Dill. xvi. fig. 30 B.

Hab. Great Bear Lake.

NO. 33. Var. alpestris, Ach.

Ha5. Great Bear Lake.

Apicibus densissime thyrsoideis ; podetiis albido-stramineis-Dill. xvi. fig. 29e, F ; Fellm. Lich. Lapp. Or. 39.

No. 35. Forma pumila, Ach. Syn. Densissime caespitosa. Hab. Great Bear Lake.

Page 7: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

ieo THE BEV. W. A. LEIQHTON ON LICEEXS

C. AMAUROCRBA, FEk. No. 36. Forma ascypba minor.

No. 37. Forma ascypha excelsior.

No. 38. Forma scyphis angustis steri1ibus.-Fries, L. S. X7.

No. 39. Forma ascypba ; axillis diilacernto- aut digitato-crktatk.

No. 40. Forma ascypha ; axillis ramosierhe eristatis.-Fellm. Lich. b P P -

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Hub. Great Rear Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake ; Great Slave Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Or. 41. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 41. Forma scyphifera, sterilis ; axillis digitato-cristatis.

No. 42. Forma scyphifera, bumilior ; axillis ramosissirne cristatis.

No. 43. Forma scyphifera, excelsior ; axillis ramosissime cristatis.

No. 44. Forma humilior ; podetiis fertilibus ; axillis digitato- aut dilacerato-

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Hab. Grzat Bear Lake.

cristatis. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 45. Forma excelsior; podetiis fertilibus; axillis digitato- aut dilacerato- cristatis.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 46. Forma podetiis fertilibus ; axillis ramosissime cristatis. Hab. Great Bear Lake.

c. CORNUCOPIOIDEg, Fr. No. 47. Forma stemmatinu, Acb. L. U.

No. 48. Forma expunsu, Nyl. Syn. 220.

No. 49. Forma extensa, Acb. L. U. Vaill. Par. xxi. fig. 4.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake. C. DEFORMIS, Hoffm.

No. 50. Forma puzvinata, Ach. L. U.

No. 51. Formapulvinata, Ach. L. U.

No. 52. Forma sub sc!pho leviter angustata.

Btate juniore.

a t a t e majore. Hab. Great Bear Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Page 8: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

COLLECTED IN ARCTIC AMERICA. 191

No. 53. Forma gonecha, Ach. L. u.

NO. 54. Forma podetiis proliferis.

No. 55. C. UNCIALIS, Hofm., var. dilacerata, Leight.

Podetiis sursum senaim hwasSata. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Hub. Only 4 specimens, 2 from Great Slave Lake ; 2 from Great Bear

This is a very remarkable plant, resembling uncialis in form of podetia and colour, but having the lower pmt.ion of the podetin split up into long narrow strips, somewhat crenate at t h e margins, and thus at first sight appearing as large thallodal leaves ; but careful examination shows the trKe structure.

Lake.

STEREQCBULON, Schreb. No. 56. s. TOMENTOBUM, Fr.; Tuck. L. Am. Sept. 23.

Hab. Great Bear Lake.

THAMNOLLA, Ach. No. 57. T. VERMICULARIS, Ach. The taurica form intermixed.

Hub. Mackenzie’s River ; Great Bear Lake. (See T. M. Fries, Lichenes Aratd, p. 161, and Massalontjo, de Thamnofa, C Flora, 1856, no. 15.)

USNEA, Hofm. No. 58. U. BARBATA, Fr.

Forma hirta elongata. Hub. Great Slave Lake.

No. 59. U. BARBATA, Fr. Forma plicata, Fr. Hub. Great Slave Lake.

No. 60. U. BARBATA, Fr. Fornia ceratina, Schm. Hub. Great SlaGe Lake.

No. 61. U. LACUNOSA, Willd. (Nyl. Syn. 271). Hub. Great Slave Lake.

ALECTOBIA, Ach. Nyl. No. 62. A. JUBATA, Ach.

Forma prolixa, Ach. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 63. 4. JUBATA, A d . Forma chalybeifomk, A+. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Page 9: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

Fig. 11. Spermogonia nat. size. Fig. 12. Spermogonium magnsed. Fig. 13. Vertical section of spermo-

gonium.

Fig. 14. Ascus. Fig. 15. Spores, magn. 1200 lin. Fig. 16. Sterigmata. Fig. 17. Spermatia*.

Page 10: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

191

No. 73. P. NIVALE, Nyl. Hub. Great Slave Lake. In fine fructification. Some of the specimens had the thdlus

of a more intense yellow colour (= Cetraria Titegii, 4ch. Sp. 228).

No. 74. P. CUCULLATUM, Hofm. Hub. Great Bear Lake. I n fine fructification.

No. 75. A form apparently intermediate between nivale and cucullatum, with scrohiculate thallus bat sporidia of c u d a t u r n .

Hub. Great Bear Lake. In fructification.

Nu. 76. P. JURIPERINUM, Nyl. Var. terrestris, Schaer. L. H. 20. Hub. Mackenzie’s River ; Great Bear Lake. Not in fructification.

NO. 77. P. JUNIPERINUM, NYl. Var. pinastri, Ach. Heb. Great Slave Lake ; York Factory, Hudson’s Bay. Not in fructification.

No. 78. P. sAxPiNcoLA, Hoffm,., S c h w . L. H . 297. Hub. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake; York Factory, Hu&on**

Bay.

No. 79. P. RICHARDSONIX (Hook). Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. EO. P. LACUNOSUM, Nyl. Forma atlantica, Tuck. L. Am., Sept. 6. Hub. Great Slave Lake.

NEPHROM~UM, Nyl. N o . 81. N.TOMENTOSUM, Nyl.; Tuck. L. Am. Sept. 13; Schsr. L. 11.259.

Hub. Missinnippi or English River; Great Bear Lake.

No. 82. N. TOMENTOSUM, Nyl. Var. helveticum, Nyl. ; Tuck. L. Am. Sept. 14; Schaer. L. M. 260. Hub. Missinnippi or English River.

PELTIOERA, Hofm.

NO. 83. p. APHTHOSA, HO$m- Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Ll3-N. P E O C . - B O T A ~ , VOL. IX. 0

Page 11: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

194 THE REV. W. A. LEIQHTON ON LICHENS

No. 84. P. CANNA, H o f m . Hub. Great Slave Lake.

No. 85. P. RUFESCENS, Hofm.

No. 86. P. SPURIA, DC. Hub. Great Slave Lake.

No. 87. P. VENOSA, Hofm. .Hub. Great Bear Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake.

SOLORINA, Ach.

Hub. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake. No. 88. S. SACCATA, Ach.

No. 89. S. LIMBATA (SommTf.). Lichen spongiosus, E. Bot. t. 1374.-S, saccata, var. spongiosa, Nyl.

Syn. 331 .-S. limbata, Mudd. Man. 8S.-Lecanora limbata, Somrnrf. Suppl. Fl. Lapp. 105. tab. 3. figs. 1-9.

Hub. Great Bear Lake. Tbe ' English Botany ' figure gives a fair general representa-

tion of this plant, especially of the cupular margined apothecia. Dr. Nylander, in his ' Synopsis,' considers it only as a variety of 8. saccata. It seems something very nearly approaching to pre- sumption to differ from so learned and accurate a botanist as Dr. W. Nylander, the facile princeps of European lichenologists ; but the different shape and size of the sporidia, added t o the other peculiarities of the plant impel me t o regard it as distinct.

PLATE 11. Fig. 8. Spore of S. saccatcs, mag. 1200 En. Fig. 9. Spores of S. limbata, m a p . 1200 lin. Fig. 10. Ascus of the same, map. 330 lin.

RICASOLIA, D. N Ny2. No. 90. R. WERBACEA, D. N. Fries, L. S. 334.

Hub. Great Siave Lake.

PARMELJA, Ach. Ny2. No. 91. P. SAXATILIB, Ach.

No. 92. P. OLIVACEA, Ach.

Hub. Fort Franklin; Great Bear Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake; York Factory, Hudson's Bay.

No. 93. P. STYGIA, Ach. Hub. Fort Enterprise.

Page 12: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

COLLECTED IN ARCTIC AMERICA. 195

No. 94. P. LANATA, Nyz. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 162. P. LANATA, Nyl. Forma minuscula, Fellm. Lieh. Lapp. Or. 83. Hub. Fort Enterprise.

No. 95. P. PHYSODES, Ach. Var. aittata, Ach. Hab. Great Bear Lake.

No. 96. P. PHYSODES, Ach. Forma platyphylla, Ach. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 97. P. PHYSODES, Ach. Forma obscurata, Ach. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 98. P. PHYSODES, Ach. Forma placorhodioides, Nyl.? Hub. Great Bear Lake.

PHYSCIA, Nyl. NO. 99. P. PARIETINA (L.) .

Var. lychnea (Ach.). Hab. Fort Enterprise.

Hab. Great Slave Lake. No. 100. P. CANDELARIA (Aeh.). Non fertilia.

NO. 101. P. CILIARIS, Dc. Forma crinalis, margiue receptaculi fimbriato. Hub. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake.

NO. 102. P. PULVERULENTA, FT.

Hub. Mackenzie’s River.

No. 103. P. STELLARIS, Fr. Var. leptalea (Ach.). Hub. Great Slave Lake.

No. 104. P. CBSIA, Fr. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 105. P. OBSCURA, Fr. Var, muscicola, Schser. Enurn. p. 37. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 106. P. OBSCURA, Fr. Var. cycZoseZis, forms saxicoh. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

0 2

Page 13: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

196 THE REV. w. A. GEEIGETON ow L I m m

UMBILICILT~IA, HoYh

No. 107. U. PUSTULATA, Hofm.

No. 108. U. VELLEA (Ach.); Nyl. L. Sea:& 114.

Hab. Great Slave Lake.

Hub. Great Slave Lake.

NO. 109. u. CYLINDRICA (L.). Var. DeZisei, Nyl. L. Scand. 117. Hub. Great Slave Lake.

Xo. 110. U. EROSA, Hofm.

Thallo suhtus fibrillis rhizineis.

Forma thallo subtus granulato efibrilloso. Hub. Great Slave Lake; Great Bear Lake.

No. 111. U. MUHLEKBERGII (Ach. ) ; Tuck. Syn. L. Am. Sept. 74. Hub. Great Slave Lake.

PSOFLOMA, E"r. Nyi. No. 112. P. HYPNORUM, Fr.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

PANNAFLIA, Del. Nyi. No. 113. P. BRUNNEA, Mass.

No. 114. P. MUSCORUM (Aeh.).

Hub. Mackenzie River ; Great Bear Lake.

Hub. Great Bear Lake.

SQUAMARIA, DO. No. 115. S. CHRYSOLEUCA (Sm.).

No. 116. S. SAXICOLA (Ach.) .

No. 117. S . A M B I G U A (Wulf.).

Hub. Fort Enterprise.

Hab. Fort Enterprise.

Hub. Fort Franklin; Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake.

PLACODIUM, DC. Nyl.

N O . 118. P. ELEGANS, Dc. Hub. Great Bear Lake ; Great Slave Lake ; Port Enterprise.

LECANORA, A c h . Ny2. No. 119. L. CERINA, Ach.

Forma pyracea, Arh. Hub. Great Slave Lake.

Page 14: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America

COLCECTED IS ARCTIC AYEltTCA. 197

No. 120. L. CERVINA, Ach. . Var. smaragdula, Schax.

Hab. Fort Enterprise.

No. 121. L. CERVINA, Ach. Var. ylaucocarpa, Schser. Hub. Fort Enterprise; Great Bear Lake.

No. 122. L. FULVO-LUTEA, Nyl. S m d . 146. Lecidea fusco-lutea, &her ! Enum. 147 (non L. fusco-luteus, Dicks. !) ;

Hub. Fort Franklin; Great Bear Lake. Fellm. Lich. Lapp. Or. 110.

PLATE 11. Fig. d Spores of L. fdvo-Ltea, magn. 1200 fin. Fig. 5. Spores of L. fusco-luteus, Dick., magn. 660 lin.

No. 123. L. VITELLINA, Ac6. Var. aurella, Ach. Hub. Fort Franklin.

NO. 121. L. C I N E B E A (L.) . Var. ulppina, Zwachk, 4. Hab. Fort Enterprise.

No. 135. L. PARELLA, Ach. Var. Upsaliensis (L.). Hob. Mackenzie River.

Hab. River St. Mary’s, Lake Supmior; Great Slave Lske.

Var. glabrata, dch. Hub. River St. Mary’s, Lake Superior.

No. 126. L. ALBELLA (Pers.).

No. 127. L. SUBFUSCA, Ach.

No. 128. L. SUBFUSCA, Ach. Var. epibrya, Ach. Hab. Mackenzie River; Great Shve Lake; Great Bear Lake.

NO. 129. L. VARIA, A&. Var. symmicta (Ach.). Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 130. L. GLAUCOMA, Ach. Hub. Fort Enterprise.

Nab. Great Bear Lake.

No. 132. L. TURFACEA, Ach. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 160. L. VERRUCOSA, Law.

K O . 131. L. OHEINA, ACh.

Hub. Mackenzie River.

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198 T H E REV. W. A. LEIDHTON ON LICHEN8

PERTUSARIA, DO. No. 133. P. LEIOPLACA (Ach.).

No. 161. P. BRYONTHA (Aeh.).

Hub. River St. Mary’s, Lake Superior.

Hub. River St. Mary’s, Lake Superior.

GYROSTOMUM, 3r. S . P. 0. p. 268.

No. 134. G. URCEOLATUM, Ach. 6 Fr. Conotrema urceolatum, Tuck. Syn. 86 ; Zwuckk. Exs. 300 ! Hub. River St. Mary’s, Lake Superior.

LECIDEA, A d . Nyl. No. 136. L. SANGUINEO-ATRA, Ach.

Hub. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake

Hub. Fort Enterprise.

Var. ornata. Hub. Great Slave Lake.

No. 136. L. TURGIDULA, Fr.

No. 137. L. COARCTATA (Ach.). + No. 138. L. VESICULARIS, Ach.

No. 139. L. TESSELLATA, Flk.

No. 140. L. CHALYBEIA, Bow.

No. 141. L. DISCIFORMIS, Fr. (eorticola).

Hub. Mackeuzie River.

Hub. Fort Franklin ; Fort Enterprise.

Hab. Fort Enterprise.

Hub. Fort Enterprise ; River St. Mary’s, Lake Superior; York Factory; Great Slave Lake; Great Bear Lake.

No. 142. L. DISCIFORMIS, Fr. (lignicola).

No. 143. L. DIRCIFORMIS, Fr. (muscicola).

No. 144. L. DISCIFORMIS, Fr.

Hub. Fort Franklin.

Hub. Fort Franklin.

Statu errustaceo, Nyl. ! Moug. 9 N e d . 1328 ! Hub. Fort Franklin.

NO. 145. L. SABULETORUM (muscicola).

No. 146. L. SABULETORUM.

Var. Zigniariu, Schser. L. H. 196 ! Hub. Great Slave Lake.

- Hub. Great Bear Lake.

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COLLECTED IN ARCTIC ANEBICA. 199

No. 147. L. GEOGRAPHICA, Ach. Hub. Great Bear Lake.

No. 148. L. PARAsITrcA, Flh. (L. inspersa, Tul.). Hub. On Psltigera and Hypnum; Great Bear Lake.

No. 149. L. PUNCTATA.

Var. denudata, Scher. L. H. 529 I Hub. York Factory.

No. 150. L. PROTUSA, Fr. Hub. Fort Enterprise.

No. 151. L. SPHBROIDES, smrf. Nyl. Scand. 204. Hab. Great Bear Lake.

No. 163. L. ATROBRUNNEA, Saher. Hub. Fort Enterprise.

VEBBUCABIA, Peps. Nyl.

NQ. 152. v. XIGRESCBNS, PWS. Hub. Mackenzie River.

No. 153. V. GLABRATA, Ach. Hub. Great Slave Lake.

No. 154. V. EPIDERMIDIS, Ach. Hub. Great Slave Lake.

No. 155. V.FRANKLINIANA,LeightOlt . Thallus pallide cinerascens, opacus, tenuis, indeterminatus ; apothecia parva, subinnata, nigra, sublucida, perithecio nigro, dimidiaco, basi incurvescente ; spore 4-8, mediocres, oblonga vel ovoideo-oblong=, murali-divisa (septis horizontalibus 4) incolores ; paraphyses graciles distincta ; gelatina hymenea iodo vinose rubeecens (prasertim them). Ad corticem levem Alni.

Hab. River St. Mary’s, Lake Superior.

PLATE 11. Fig. 2. Asoi, magn. 330 lin. Fig. 3. Spores magn. 1200 lin.

XYLOQBAPHA, B. Nyl.

No. 156. X. FLEXELLA, Nyl. Hab, Great Slave Lake.

GRAPHII, Ach. Nyl.

No. 157. G. SERPENTINA, Ach. Hub. River St. Mary’s, Lake Superior. Imperfect ; no sporidia distinguishable.

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200 ON LICUBFfl~ CO&LB(ETBL1 YN Bg@JBlZ A!XEEICA.

ARTPHONIA, Ash. fly$. No. 158. A. TUMIDULA, Leighton. Thallus panicre cinerascens, opacus,

tenuis ; apothecia parva nigra, sessilia, subastroideo-difformia, con- vexa, papillosa; rporre 8, magnre, oblonp, medio constrict=, murali- divisre (septis horizontalibus 7-8) fuscse ; gelatina hymenea iodo fd- vescens. Ad corticem h e m AlnL

Hub. River St. Mary’s, Lake Superior.

PLATE 11. Fig. 6. Asous, map. 330 lin. Fig. 7. SPONE, map. 1200 lin.

ODOXTOTREMA, Nyl. No. 159. 0. RICHARDSONII, Leigh tm. Thallirv mamila albido-cmera-

scente dilatata indicatus ; apothecia mediocria fusco-nigra, rotundata, adnata, patellariodea, pars excipuli superior dentibus niultis versus centrum eoncavum concolor. opertum radiatim re1 conniventer versis ; sporae 4, incolores, aciculares vel vermiformes, arcuatae, uuiseptatae ; piraphyses graciles confertie ; gelatiua hymenea iocto ccerulescens, deinde vinose tincta.

Hub. On weathered wood, Fo Enterprise 1 PLATE 11.

Fig. 1. Spores, m a p . 1200 Iin

.

Page 18: Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic America