notes on arabian polygala l. (polygalaceae)

7/30/2019 NOTES ON ARABIAN POLYGALA L. (POLYGALACEAE)

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NOTES ON ARABIAN POLYGALA L . (POLYGALACEAE)byJOR GE A . R. PAIVA *

ResumenPATVA, J. A . R. (1988). Notas sobre Polygala L. de A rabia (Polygalaceae). Anales Jard. Bot.Madrid 45(1): 151-158 (en ingls).Se seala P. steudneri Chodat com o novedad florstica para la Pennsula Arbiga. Se rehabi-lita P. dhofarica Baker, especie muy prxima de P. mossii Exell y P. rupicola Hochst. &Steudel ex Richard P. schwartziana Paiva es un nom bre nuevo para P. subaphylla Schwartz,non H. Perrier. Se propone tamb in una nueva combinacin: P. senensis Klotzsch var. calci-cola (Chodat) Paiva.Palabras clave: Polygalaceae, Polygala, corologa, nomenclatura, taxonoma, PennsulaArbiga.AbstractPAIVA, J. A. R. (1988). Notes on Arabian Polygala L. (Polygalaceae). Anales Jard. Bot.Madrid 45(1): 151-158.P. steudneri Chodat is a novelty from the A rabian Pennsula. P. dhofarica Bak er, a very cisespecies to P. mossii Exell and P. rupicola Hochst. & Steudel ex Richard, is recognized.P. schwartziana Paiva is a new ame for P. subaphylla Schwartz, non H. Perrier. A new com-bination is proposed: P. senensis Klotzsch var. calcicola (Chodat) Paiva.Key words: Polygalaceae, Polygala, chorology, nomenclature. taxonomy, Arabian Penn-sula.

After havin g studied a small collection of Polygala L. from the Arabian Penn-sula which belongs to the Edinbu rgh Royal Botanic Ga rden , som e novelties werefound. Most of the plants were collected by J. S. Co llene tte, J. J. Lav rano s, A. G.Mil ler, R. Whitecombe & D. W ood.Most of the taxa were known from the Arabian Pennsula such as: P. abyssi-nica R. Br. ex Fresen. , P. erioptera DC. subsp. erioptera, P. irregularis Boiss. ,P. mascatensis Boiss. , P. senensis Klotzsch var. senensis, P. thurmanniana Chodatan d P. tinctoria V ahl. Bu t some n ovelties we re found such as: on e species not yetknown in that rea (P. steudneri Ch od at); the recognition of P. dhofarica Baker;a new ame (P. schwartziana Paiva); and a new nomenclatural combination[P. senensis Klotzsch var. calcicola (Chodat) Paiva].* Instituto Botnico. Coimbra. Portugal.


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152 ANA LES JARDN BOTNICO DE MA DR ID, 45(1) 19881. A species previously unrecord ed in the Arabian Pennsu la

P. steudneri Cho dat occurs in the East African m ountains (Uga nda , T anzania,Keny a and Eth iopia ) in alpine reas ov er 2000 m high. So , it was not a surprise tofind this species of Polygala at a very high altitude (3600 m) on a mountain inYemen .T he species was collected in Yem en, amongst volcanic gravel. Sometimes, i talso grows among st exposed laval rocks in the African m oun tains.T he Arab ian specimen w e have studied has thick leaves, whilst the Africanones do not have that type of leaves. Perhaps that is because of the type of soil(volcanic gravel) and th e exceptionally high altitude of the place (3600 m ).P . steudneri Chodat in Mm. Soc. Nat. Genve 31, 2(2): 390 (1893) l. Dur. &Schinz, Comp. Fl. Afr. 1(2): 246 (1898). Cuf. in Bull. Jard. Bot! tat 26(3),Su pp l.: 411 (1956)

Typus. E T H I O P I A : Bachi t M . , 4000m , Steudner, s.n. (B ; holotyp us).P. negrii Chiov. in An n. B ot. (R om e) 9(3): 315 (1911). Cuf. in Bull. Jard. Bo t. tat 26 (3), Supp l.: 409 (1956) Syn. nov.

Syntypus. E T H I O P I A : Mangasci Mt. , near Addis Ababa, 2800 m, Negri 401(FI) ; Gu bb a, U aciaccr Mt. , 2900 m, 19-V-1909, Negri, 424 (FI).Perennial herb up to 18 cm tall , procumbent, much branched from a woodyrootstock, with slender crisped-pubescent stems. Leaves petiolate (petiole 0.5-

0.75 mm long, slightly winged and crisped-pubescent), 7-12 X1.5-3.5mm, elliptic,round ed o r obtuse and m ucronate at the ap ex, slightly cuna te towards the bas e,crisped-pubescent on the margins and m ain veined on b oth sides. Flowers mauveOr pink in termin al and excep tional lateral race m es, 2-4 cm long, w ith a crisped-pube scent rachis and caducou s, lanceolate and glabrous bracts and bracteoles (upto 1 mm long). Pedicels 1.5-1.75 mm long, glabrous. Posterior sepal 2.75-3 mmlong, glabrous; wing-sepals 5-5.5 x 3-3.5 mm elliptic, with a conspicuous stripe,glabrous; anter ior sepis 2.5-2.75 mm long, f ree , glabrous. Upper petis 3-3.5 x 1.5 mm; carina 5 x 2-5 mm, crest 2.5 mm long. Stamens 8. Capsule 3-4 x 2.5 mm, ellipsoid, glabrous, very narrowly winged. Seeds 2.5 x 1 mm cylin-dric, with short , silky hairs; caruncular appendage s 1.5 mm long, up to the m iddlelength of the seed.Y E M E N : Track joining Sana'a-Hodeida road to summit of Jebel an NabiShu 'ayb, 3600 m, 2-II-1979, Wood, 11010 (E ).

Alp ine, over 2000 m high, grassland, rocky grassy places, exposed laval rocksand volcanic gravel.2. The recognition of Polygala dhofarica Baker

Some authors ( C H O D A T , 1896; C U F O D O N T I S , 1956) considered P. dhofarica1 Chodat indicates, before his description of that species, a drawing as "Tab. nostra X XX , fig. 7".But figure 7 is missing from that "Tabula". Certainly it was an involuntary omission.


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J. A. PAIVA: NOTES ON POLYGALA L. 153

Baker (endemic to Ornan) as a synonym of P. rupicola Hochst. & Steudel exRichard (endemic to Eth iopia ). T he two species are very cise and are also relatedto P. mossii Exell (endemic to Nam ibia). T he three species belong to the P. abys-sinica comp lex, which is scattered from N E to SE and SW frica and the Arab ianPennsula to SW A sia.It is und erstandab le that th e mon ograph er of the gems (R. C hod at) has consi-dered P. dhofarica Baker as a synonym of P. rupicola Hochst. & Steudel exRichard, because he only knew the type material of the former ( B E N T , 186; K)and the E thiopian material collected by Schimper of the latter.T hese th ree species are peren nial herbs or suffruticose, bu t they can be distin-guished as shown in the following table and illustrared in the pa te.

T A B L E 1P. mossii P. rupicola P. dhofarica

Stein pubescency glabrousorpuberulousPeciole pubescency puberulousRach isoftheinflo rescence puberulous or glabrousBracts 0.75 mm long;puberulouso'-glabrousBracteoles 0 .5 mm long;

puberulous or glabrousPedicels lmmlong;puberulous or glabrousMargino f the capsule narrowly winged,wing0.5mmbroad

patent-pubescent,rarely glabrescentpatent-pubescentpatent-pubescent2-2.5 mm long;patent-pubescent1.5 mm long ;patent-pubescent1.5-2 mm long;patent-pubescentnarrowly winged,wing0.5mmbroad(neartheapex)

crisped-pubescentor glabrescentcrisped-pubescentglabrous, rarelycrisped-pubescent1.25-1.5 mm long;glabrous0.75-1 mm long;glabrous'1.25-1.5mmlong;glabrouswidely winged,wingl.5-2mmbroad(neartheapex)

P. dhofarica Baker in Kew Bull. 1895: 181 (1895). Blatter in G. King, RecordsBot. Survey India 8(1): 54 (1919). Schw artz in Mitt. Inst. Alie. B ot. Ham burg.1 0 : 1 3 3 ( 1 9 3 9 ) . F i g . l , A r A 4Typus. OMN: Hadramant , Dhofar Mountains , 300 f t ; / . T. Bent, 186 (K;holotypus) .Perennial herb with woody b ase, u p to 25 cm tall , with crisped-pubescent orglabrescent stems from a much divided root-stock. Leaves petiolate (petiole0.5-1 mm long, crisped-p ubescent) , 5-15 X 2-4 m m, oblong elliptic to lanceolata,mu cronate at the apex, narrowed towards the b ase, shortly and sparingly crisped-pubesc ent. Flowers reddish-purple, pedicels 1.25-1.5m mlo ng, glabrous, in denseterminal or rarely p seudolateral racemes, up to 7 cm long, with glabrous, rarelycrisped-pubescent, rachis; bracts 1.25-1.5mm long, elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous,bracteoles 0.75-1 mm long, elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous, caducous. Posteriorsepis 3 mm long, elliptic, glabrou s; wing sepis 7-7.5 x 4-4.5 m m , elliptic, gla-


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154 A N A L E S J A R D N B O T N I C O D E M A D R I D , 4 5(1 ) 1988

Fig . 1 . A: Polygala dhofarica. A , , h a b i t ( x l ) ; A 2 , ca lyx and capsule ( x I I ) . A . capsule ( v " " SV.A 4 , s e e d ( x 1 5 ) . Miller 2657 . B : Polygala rupicola. B, , ca lyx (x 11); B 2 , c a p s u le ( X 7 , 5 ) . Hugos 208 .


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J. A. PAIVA : NOTES ON POLYGA LA L. 155

bro us; anterior sepis 2-2.25 mm long , free, glabrous. U pp er petis 3-4 x 2-3 mm ,spathu late, em arginate to lobate at the ap ex; carina 6.5-7 x 3-3.5 mm , crest 2.25-2.5 mm long. Stamens 8. Capsule 5-5.5 x 5-6 mm, obovoid, with margin widelywinged, wing 1.5-2 mm broad, glabrous. Seed 3.5-3.75 x 1-5 mm, ellipsoid, withdense, white, silky hairs; carunde 1.25 mm long, caruncular appendages 0.25-0.5 mm long .

Y E M E N : Jabal Hadhur an Nabi Shwayib, 13-IX-1977, Lavranos, 15813 (E );Jebel Hisu Nad uan , W usab al Ali , 16-IX-1978, Wood, 2469 (E ) 2 .O M N : Jebal Q am ar, 9 km N Dh alqu t, 1100 m , 10-X-1979, Miller, 2657 (E);Jebel K hawr, Summ it Ridge , 2900 m, 22-X-1979, Miller & Whitecombe, 2789 (E) .W oodland s or open stony hills.3. A new namefor Polygalasubaphylla Schwartz

Polygala subaphylla Schwartz (1939) is a later homonym of the validly pu-blished ame Polygala subaphylla H . Peirier [ in Bull. T rimestriel Acad . M alga-che, No uv. , S er. 14:11 (1932); in H um b., F l. M adag . Com or. 109 (Polygalaces):14 , t. III, fie. 6-9' (1955) = P. arvcola Bojer in Bo utt . , Ra pp. An nuel T rav. Soc.Hist. Nat. lie Maurice 12: 13 (1843); in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), Ser. 3, 20: 95(1843). H. Peir ier in Hum b. , tom. ci t : 14(1 955 )] ,and itmu stberejec ted(A rt . 64.1of the International C ode of Botanical No m enclatu re).We rename i t Polygala schwartziana Paiva, after the author of the rejectedame (Oskan Schwartz) .Polygala schwartziana Paiva , nom. nov.P. subaphylla Schwartz in Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 132 (1939), nonH.PERRIER(1932) .Fg.2

Typus. D E M . R E P . O F Y E M E N (S . Y E M E N ) : Ha dram aut , coastal regin, Wiss-mann 660 (H BG ; holotypus)3 .Erect grazed shrublet c. 1 m tall, with virgate subaphyllous glabrous or gla-brescen t stem . Leav es mainly on you ng br anc he s, 10-20 x 1-2 m m , linear tolinear-lanceolate, acu te and submucro nate at the apex, cunate towards the base,glabrous. Flowers deep m agen ta, pedicels 2-2.5 mm long, glabrous, in elongated,terminal racem es, 3-10 cm lon g, with glabrous rachis and caducous brac ts, 1.5-2 mm

long and bracteoles 1-1.5 mm long. Posterior sepal 3-3.5 mm long; wing sepis7.5-9 x 4-5 mm , elliptic to slightly ob ov ate, g labrou s; anterior sep is 2-3 mm long,free. Upper petis 4.5-5 x 1-1.5 mm, oblong-elliptic, carina 5.5-6.5 x 2.5-3 mm,crest 1.5-2 mm long. Stamens 8. Capsule 7-8.5 x 4-4.5 mm, obliquely applanateobovate-elliptic , emarginate at the apex, winged (wing 0.75-1 mm broad), gla-brous . Seeds 6-6.5 x 2-2.5 mm, ellipsoid to oblong ovoid, with white silky hairs;2 In this specimen the capsule is rather narrowly winged.3 I have asked the Hamburg Herbarium (HBG) for a photograph of that specimen and I got thefollowing answer: "Since a number of plant families have b een translocated during the war into w hat nowis the Germn Dem ocratic Repu blic, and since they have not been returned to us yet, the specimen youare interested in is not traceable in our herbarium."


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156 ANALES JARDN BOTNICO DE MADRID, 45(1) 1988

Fig. 2. Polygala schwartziana. a, inflorescence (X 1.3); b, leaf (x5); c, calyx (x7); d, corolla (x7);e, u pper petis and staminal tube (x 7 ); f, stamens (x 20 ); g, anther (x 20); h, calyx and pistil (x 4.7);i, stigma (x 20); j , seed (lateral view) (x 7); k, seed (side view) (x 7). Collenette 3103.


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J. A . PAIVA : NOTES ON POLYGA LA L. 157

caruncle 1-1.5 mm long, unequally branch ed; canuncular appen dages sho rt , 1 mmlong.P. schwartziana Paiv a is cise to P. abyssinica R. B r. ex Fresen, but the formeris a shirublet up to 100 cm tall, has stems without leaves (only young branchesleafy), large r capsules (7-8.5 x 4-4.5 m m ), with winged m argin (wing 0.75-1 m mbroa d) and seeds (6-6.5 X 2-2.5 mm ); whilst the latter is a perennial herb up to30-50 cm tall and has leafy stems, smaller capsules (5-5.5 x 3-3.5 mm), withvery narrowly winged margin (wing 0.25-0.5 mm broad) and smaller seeds(4-4.5 x 1.5 m m ).S A U D I A R A B I A : Wadi Hammah, 50 km NNE of Najrn, 2000 m, 25-1-1980,Collenette, 1648 (E ); W . of Bura yd ah, 1000 m , 14-11-1980, Collenette, 1860 (E) ;Jebel Radhua, N of Yanbu'al Bahr, 2100 m, 10-1-1981, Collenette, 2894 (E);35 km E of Ham dah , 1300 m, 23-X-1981, Collenette, 2987 (E ); Al Bah a, 220 kmSE of Mecca, 18-111-1980, Lavranos & Collenette, 18445 (E) .Y E M E N : Marib road, 15 km NE of San'a, 2500 m, 12-IX-1977, Lavranos,15789 (E ); W asit, 20 km N of Sad ah, 1800 m, 22-111-1981, Miller, 3171 (E ).D E M . R E P . Y E M E N : 45 miles ES E of Bah at, 25-X-1981, Collenette, 3103 (E ) .San dston e hills, grassy slope s, at ove r 1000 m a ltitud e.

4. A new combintion: Polygala senensis Klotzsch var. calcicola (Chodat) P aivaPolygala senensis Klotzsch is on e of the ex tremely v ariable species of Polygalafrom East frica.It is a perennial h erb o r shrub let , occasionally ann ual, u p to 60 cm high, oftenwith annual shoots produced from a woody rhizome. P. calcicola Chodat is anextr em e variatio n, and it is a prickly shrublet w ith sma ller leaves (8-10 x 2-3 mm )and flowers (wings 6.5-8 x 6-7 mm ), whilst P. senensis Klotzsch has larger leaves(10-30 x 5-10 m m ) an d flow ers [wings 8-10(-14) X 7-8(-12) m m ].Bu t som etimes it is no t easy to identify these spe cies, mainly in Somalia, w herethere are m any transition forms betw een the two species, as, for instance the spe-cimen Hildebrandt 1364 which is prickly and 1365 which is unprickly, althoughthey were collected in the same locality. We prefer to con sider P. calcicola Chodatas a variety of P. senensis Klotzsch.

P. senensis Klotzsch in Peters, R eise Mossam b. Bot. 1:113 (1861)var. calcicola (Chodat) Paiva comb. etstat. nov.P. calcicola Ch odat in Mm . Soc. Phys. Genv e 3 1, 2(2): 326 (1893). Cufod. inBull. Jard . Bo t. tat 2 6 , 3 , Supp l.: 406 (1956)

Typus. SOMAL RE PUBL IC: Meid, IV. 1875, Hildebrandt, 1364 (P, holotypu s;BM , isotypus) .Prickly shrublet ab out 50 cm high; stems slender , densely crisped-pubescent.Leaves 8-10x2-3 mm, narrowly oblanceoate to oblong-lanceolate, densely

cr isped-pubescent . Flowers yel lowish, pedicels up to 5 mm long, cr isped-pubescent, in lateral 3-10 flowered racemes, 1.5-2.5 cm long, with crisped (or


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158 ANA LES JARDN BOTNICO DE MA DR ID, 45(1) 1988paten t) pubescent rachis, persistent , ovate-acum inate bracts and bracteoles about1 m m long. Po sterior sepal 4 x 2.5 mm , keel-shaped, pubesce nt; wing sepis 6.5-8 x 6-7 m m , yellow, ovate-suborbicular , pube scent; anterior sepis 3 x 2.5 m m,free , k eel-shaped, pubescent . Upper petis 5. 5x 2 .5 mm , obliquely oblanceolate;carina 5.5 x 2.5 m m , with crest 3 mm long. Stam ens 8. Capsu le 6-7 x 5 m m , ellip-soid, pubescent, emarginate at the apex, margin very narrowly winged. Seeds4 x 2 mm , densely sericeous; caruncular appendages broad, humped at the apex,and extending almost to the base of the seed.

S O M A L R E P . : Sheik A bd ahl, 25-V-1949, Bally, 7189 (K); Doo-Loo, 11-1895,Col, s.n. (K); s . loc , l l - IX-1929, Collenette, 52 (K); s. loc, 29-IX-1932, Gillett,4085 (K); Buram o, W arietotug, 1100m , 31-1-1933, Gillett, 4913 (K); L osD arley-Les Durela road, 19-IX-1952, Hemming, 53 (K); Meid, IV-1875, Hildebrandt,1364 (BM, P) ; Malol Sheikh, l -V-1973, Ironside, 5/73/33 (K); Tabah road,betwe en Eriga ro and Maio t, 1500 m , 30-VII-1957, Newbould, 732 (K); M arkhat ,12-VIII-1957, Newbould, 894 (K); s . loc , 1893, Phillips, s.n. (K); Belet Mein,27-X-1957, Popov, 1038 (K) ; s.loc., 12-X-1968, Richards, 20 (K).D E M . R E P . Y E M E N : A den , 25 km N of Said, 1500 m , 16-IV-1953, Griersau,254 (E) .OMN: Jebel Akhdar, 24-X-1979, Miller & Whitecombe, 2810b (E) .

Alk aline step pes at 1500-2000 m altitud e.BlBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

BAKER, J. G. & all. (1895). CCCCLXIX - Decades kewensis. Plantarum Novarum in Herbario HortiRegii Conservatarum. Decades XX & XX I. Kew Bull. 1895:180-186.BLATTER, E. (1919). Flora Arabica. In : G. K ing (Ed.), Rec. Bo t. Surv. India 8(1): 1-123.CHODAT, R. (1893). Monographia Polygalacearum, II. Mem . Soc. Phys. Genve 31, 2(2): I-XII, 1-492,1.13-35.CHODAT, R. (1896). Polygalaceae novae vel parum cognitae, VI . BM. Herb. Boissier4,12:898-912.CUFODONTIS, G. (1956). Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiop iae. Spermatophyta. Bull. Jar. Bot. lat26,3,Suppl.: 345-440.SCHWARTZ, O. (1939 ). Flora des tropischen Arabian. Mitt. Inst. Allg. B ot. Ham burg 10:1-393.Aceptado para publicacin: 15-11-1988

notes on arabian polygala l. (polygalaceae)

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